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1、单元复习与提升知识清单I .根据语境和汉语提示写出正 确单词1 .threat威胁：（灾难等坏事）发生的可能2. switch vi.& vt. 转换，改变3. species .物种，种4. wipe vt.擦；拭5. decrease vi.& vt. 减少n.减少；减少的量6. blame vt.责怪，指责1. They contain a harmful chemical （化学物质）that caused my liver to fail.2. It took them more than one billion （十亿）dollars to complete the project
2、.核7. wrap vt.包，裹3. I tried to comfort him after he心8. relate vi.相联系，有关联was defeated by his opponent单9. essay n.论说文；散文（对手）.词10. organic adj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的i 1. institute n.机构；研究院12. billion n.十亿13. opponentn.反对者：对手，敌手14. claim vt.声称；断言；主张声称；（根据权力而提出的）要求15. chemical n.化学品。好.化学的16. carve vt. 雕，亥44. It i
3、s a good essay （论说文） apart from a few slight faults.5. Organic （有机的）produce is likely slightly healthier to eat.6. Can you put me through to the president office of the inslilule （机构）？7. Thev claim （声称）to be ihe party of law and order.拓 展 单 词1. .conservation n.保护-conserve v.保护2. destroy ”.破坏:毁掉f des
4、iruction破坏；毁掉destroyer n.破坏者3. illegally ado.非法地,违法地-*legally a市，.合法地-*legal合法的fillegal 力非法的4. hunl vi.& 猎取,猎杀一hunter”.猎人5. extinct。力.灭绝的,绝种的一extinction 灭绝， 绝种6. incredibly 流非常地，极端地一incredible ,必.难II .用所给词的适当形式填空1. Your efforts to conserve the environment have led to good conservation. （conserve）2.
5、We know from the daily legal report that the former president had something to do with the illegal organization and was put to prison.（legal）3. As far as I know, many species以置信的；极好的7. urgent a力.紧急的,急迫的一urgency .急迫，紧 急一urge。.敦促8. unusual 力.异常的:不平常的一unusually 流，.异 常地；不平常地一usual 切.往常的9. varied rdj.各种各
6、样的,形形色色的一vary 0.不 同 various如/.多种多样的variety n.种类10. annoyed/.烦恼的,生气的一annoy。.使烦恼； 使生气f annoyance .烦恼，生气have been extincted, but your foundation can help rescue those species that arc at the edge of extinction.(ex tincl)4. It is urgent that I should keep calm in face of urgency, (urge)5. There are vari
7、ous goods in the supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars. The variety attracts many custoniers.(vary)重 点 短 语1. .have a role起某种作用2. do one s Dart尽自己的职责3. die out消失；绝迹，灭绝4. wipe out彻底毁灭5. be to blame把归咎于6. be at risk处境危险，受到威胁7. stressed out焦虑的8. set oul开始做某事，着手进行9. be related lo .与有关联10
8、. for instance例如11. sum叩概括，总结此选用左栏短语的适当形式填 空1. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own.2. To sum up, it s worthwhile lo rebuild the old bridge.3. Bitterly disappointed, he and his companions set out on the return journey.4. Hundreds of thousands of peop
9、le are al risk.5. He had discovered (hat this noble family had died out and was forgotten.经 典 句 式1 .宾语从句that的省略. we need to make everyone know hunting these animals is illegal and that (WM) these amazing animals are part of (he world we live in.2 .倍数表达法They found that human activity is causing speci
10、es to die out 1,000 times faster than (快 1 ,(X)() fn) normal.3 . without的双重否定Without forests (没有森林)，we would have no air to breathe (无法呼吸),and without clean water (没有干IV.佳句仿写1. Advertisements persuade us newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. 广告使我们相信产品越新越好， 最新的产品会使我们更快
11、乐。2. This hospital is three times larger than that one.这家医院比那家医院大三倍。3. I d never have got through it净的水）we would be unable to survive （不能活命）.4 . why （not） do sth 表示建议I mean, why wrap （为什么包装）a coconut in plastic?5 .独立结构To be frank （坦率地说），I , m addicted to my car.6 .形容词作状语At the balk Mathilde is the m
12、ost elegant and graceful woman there, smiling and happy （笑得很开心）.all without you.假如没有您，我是绝对渡不过这 个难关的。4. Why not go and ask your teacher?为什么不去问你的老师？5. Judging from our economic performance in the first quarter of this year, the result is actually better than we expected.从今年第一季度的经济表现来 看，结果实际上比我们预期的要 好。
13、6. Curious abou【Australian cities, he read the book written by Dr Johnson.出于对澳大利亚城市的好奇，他 读了约翰逊博士写的书。词汇拓展话题词汇拓展话题词汇拓展mbbish n.垃圾：litter n.垃圾：smog n.雾霰；carbon emission 碳排放；global wanning 全球变暇；acid rain 酸雨；emission n.排放；radiation n.辐射；放射物;destruction n.破坏，毁坏：carbon dioxide 二氧化碳：greenhouse effect 温室效应：n
14、uclear energy 核能eco-friendly adj.环保的；renewable adj.可更新的；sustainable development 可持续发展;environmentally friendly 有利于环境保护的：low-cari）on adj.低碳的；ecology n.生态学：endangered adj.濒危的；advocate vt.拥护，提倡:conserve 0.保护，保存floodn.洪水；typhoons.台风：tsunami海啸；tornadon.龙卷风；sandstormn.沙尘暴： earthquake”.地震：eruption n.（火山）喷发
15、；hurricane n.网风hiding from their responsibiliiies 逃避责任；keep the Earth clean and healthy 保持地球清洁、健康; environmental protection 环境保护；eco-friendly washing powder 环保型洗衣粉；econonuc development 经济发展：decrease desertification 减少沙漠化：replace their crops with trees or grass 退耕还林或还草：help improve the local environm
16、ent 帮助改善当地的环境即时演练I .用所给词的适当形式填空1. However, not everyone wishes for change, and destruction （destroy） leads to a new fight, a long way from home.2. Don t miss your chance to get involved in this important conservation (conserve) effort.3. The giant panda has become an endangered (endanger) species.4.
17、 A few days later, Vesuvius was in violent erumion (erupt).【I .补全句子1. Public awareness campaigns were carried out to raise the people s awareness of environmental protection.为了增强人们对环境保护的意识，发起了公共认识运动。2.The book treats the problems of economic develoDment.该书探讨了一些有关经济发展的问题。3. They try their best to dec
18、rease desertification.他们尽最大的努力减少沙漠化。4. Grass and trees are planted on the upper-middle reaches of (he Yangtze River to hel- improve Ihe local environment.在长江中上游地区植树种草，帮助改善当地的环境。素养培优背景阅读7阅读提示找到生活的意义，生活就会改变。Every January for the past 20 years, I would take a few moments to ponder the answer to the big
19、 question, “ What is the meaning of life?”It s one of those enormous questions that are so important philosophically and practically in terms of how wc live our lives and yet wc never stop to really think about the answer. If you might be able to get your response in less than a minute, the wisdom-t
20、o-effort rate for this exercise could not be more advantageous. I tend to ponder such things as the creator of the Wisdom Project, a collection of writings about the wisdom in everyday life experiences.which I find interesting and meaningful. There is no only correct answer, I believe only answers t
21、hat are right for you at any given time.My favorite answer, though, is the Zen-like circular reasoning attributed to writer Robert Byrne, who put The purpose of life is a life of purpose.Some people have concluded that life s meaning is subjective. There is not one big universal meaning fbr alb auth
22、or Anais Nin wrote in her diary. There is only the meaning we each give to our life, an individual meaning, an individual plot, like an individual novel, a book fbr each person.MTaking a few moments to record your response to the question u What is the meaning of life? ” is the kind of simple exerci
23、se that effectively adds meaning to your life.And then I suggest answering it every year. Looking back at how your thinking has evolved and been influenced by experience tells you something more about yourself. Cumulatively, it gets you closer to a deeper self-understanding.Whatever small step you t
24、ake toward finding the meaning of life is a step toward a more meaningful and longer life.1. What have the examples of Robert Byrne and Anais Nin proved?A. Our life should be a life of purpose.B. The answer of the two persons is the best one.C. Everyone has his or her own answer at any given time.D.
25、 Life s meaning is philosophically and practically important.答案：C2. What docs the author suggest people doing about adding meaning to your life?A. Trying asking others about what their opinions are.B. Understanding yourself more by answering it every year.C. Looking back at your life influences your
26、 meaning of life.D. Writing down their responses to the question and do more exercise.答案：B,词汇积累1. ponder vt.考虑；衡量；反思2. philosophically adv.哲学地，贤明地，达观地，沉着地3. cumulatively adv.渐增地，累积地难句剖析画线句句意：我之所以年复一年地问这个问题，是因为我的答案会随着时间的推移而变 化，我觉得这很有趣，也很有意义。分析：本句是一个主从复合句。why引导定语从句，修饰先行词The reason; that引导表 语从句；which引导
27、非限制性定语从句，指代my answer changes over time整句话的内容。时事阅读7”阅读提示海平面上升使沿海地区处于气候变化影响的最前沿，但新研究表明，沿海地区也面临其 他与气候有关的威胁。1月14日发表在自然通讯（Me上的一项研究发现海浪的能量在全球范围内一直在增长，这种增长与海表温度的上升密切相关，并且会导 致海平面上升，带来更加剧烈的飓风和其他极端天气，进而威胁到沿海地区人们的生活。这 对于人类来说不是一件好事，因此我们必须高度重视这一问题，并采取行之有效的措施。The ocean waves arc getting stronger as a result of cl
28、imate change, which might pose dangers for coastal communities in the future, according to a latest study published in the scientific magazine Nature. Researchers found that waves have increased in strength by 0.41 percent per year since 1948, and this change is correlated with the increasing sea-su
29、rface temperatures. That is driving sea level rise, as oceans warm and expand, and bringing more intense hurricanes and other extreme weather, scientists warn.This relationship is important, as it shows that u global wave power can be a potentially valuable indicator of global warming, similarly to
30、carbon dioxide concentration, the global sea level rise, or the global surface atmospheric temperature ” said director of research al (he Environmental Hydraulics Institute at Spain s University of Cantabria, and co-author of the new study, Inigo J. Losada.While the study reveals a long-term trend o
31、f increasing wave energy, the effects of this increase are particularly apparent during the most energetic storm seasons, as occurred during the winter of 2013 2014 in the North Atlantic, which affected the west coast of Europe, or the devastating 2017 hurricane season in the Caribbean, which offere
32、d a harsh reminder of the destructive power and economic impacts of coastal storms, said the study.ResearchesJiQpeJheJlndin 跋QPukLpiQYideamQie.cQnipklenndeislandingQflhcdange* fasedJtoLC。/“Our results indicate that risk analysis neglecting the changes in wave power and having sea level rise as the o
33、nly driver may underestimate the consequences of climate change and result in not enough or poor adapt, “ said co-author Fernando J. Mendez, associate professor at the University of Cantabria.The findings may alert governments to better protect populations and infrastructure such as ports and harbor
34、s by building coastal defenses.1. What s the result of stronger waves?A. Climate begins to change.B. People living near coast face danger.C. Oceans are being polluted.D. Sea communities must move to other places.答案：B2. What should people living near oceans do according to the study?A. Be fit to livi
35、ng with the rising sea level.B. Set up some things to protect themselves.C. Limit the number of people visiting seashore.D. Improve (he natural environment near seashore.答案：B词汇积累1. pose v.造成2. correlate v.使相互关联3. indicatorn.指示，指标4. concentration n.浓度5. devastating adj.毁灭性的6. underestimate v.低估7. ale
36、rt v.使意识到；警惕8. infrastructure n.基础设施- f.难句剖析画线句句意：研究人员希望这些研究结果能让沿海居民更全面地了解在接下来的数十年 里所面临的危险。分析：句中的过去分词faced作后置定语，修饰名词dangers,与之构成逻辑上的动宾关 系。在通常情况下，单个的过去分词作定语，通常应放在被修饰的名词之前。但是，如果是 过去分词短语用作定语，应置于所修饰的名词之后。高考阅读7阅读提示文章介绍了与植物有关的研究，重点介绍了发光植物的相关内容(202()全国卷 1 )The connection between people and plants has long
37、been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with
38、 houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual funclions.IhSSgJnfelll/.豳111411&15限一艘以0蛉一直1010!11。-111工一殳戛.10119比攵11 ihey. re short Qf waEeianda
39、Rlaniihatwandeieci 一 一hannfUlchemicalsjn giQundwaiei4 Wc rc thinking about how wc can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that wc use every day, explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光)in experime
40、nts using some common vegetables.Strano s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a slarl.The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-
41、powered street lamps.In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant s lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylig
42、ht.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source （电源）一 such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway a lot of energy is lost during transmission （传输）. Glowing plants could reduce this
43、 distance and therefore help save energy.1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.答案：D2. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?
44、A. Tb detect plants lack of water.B. To change compositions of plants.C. To make the life of plants longer.D. lb test chemicals in plants.答案：A3. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might h
45、elp reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.答案：C4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?答案：
46、C,上词汇积累1. conduct v.组织；安排；实施；执行2. productive adj.生产的；（尤指）多产的3. diverse adj.不同的；相异的；多种多样的4. faint adj.（光、声、味）微弱的，不清楚的- f.难句剖析画线句句意：这些包括叶面上印有感应器来显示缺水情况的植物，以及能探测地下水中 有害化学物质的植物。分析：本句主干为These include plants . and a plants第一个【hat引导定语从句，修饰 先行词plants,其中包含一个when引导的宾语从句；第二个thal引导定语从句，修饰先 行词a planto have sensors printed为使役动词结构have sth done,表示“使/让某事被（别人） 做”。