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1、2020年上海杨浦区高三一模英语试卷学生用卷一、语法填空I、【来源】2020年上海杨浦区高三一模第21 3。题Killer RabbitsYoud never ihink of rabbits as dreadful, destructive creatures, would you? Rabbits are cute and loveable. However, Australians discovered 1 harm these cute creatures can do the hard way.Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1788
2、as food animals. By 1827. they were running around large states, and in 1859, disaster struck. A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his property for hunting and he 2 have thought that was harmless fun. But Australia has no predators (捕 食者) 3(adapt) to killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kep
3、t theirpopulations 4 control in Europe. The loose rabbits bred like, well, rabbits, and began to lake over the couniryside. Within a few decades, there were millions. By 1950, there were 600 million rabbits in Australia.Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm. They caused more damage t
4、han any other species introduced to the continent. They ate native plant species 5 they disappeared. They competed for food and shelter with native animals. They caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species. And they were a nightmare for cattle and sheep farmers, 6 anim
5、als couldnt get enough grass to eat and starved.The rabbits did some good, of course. They provided food for poor families. They supported fur industries. But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative 7 (ignore) . People tried trapping them. They even built a huge
6、wall against them. But 8 (effective) weapon was a virus.9(test) multiple times, the deadly myxoma virus was released onAustralias rabbits in 1950. The virus had been developed very carefully to affect only rabbits. Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease 0 (die) . Populations fell.
7、It was a huge success. Cattle and sheep farming recovered gradually, and threatened plants were better protected. Eventually, rabbits became resistant to the virus.二、选词填空2、【来源】2020年上海杨浦区高三一模第31 4。题Bottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific Purposecooking enabled early humans to devote more energy to bu
8、ilding big brainsB. our brain became larger around the same time our digestive system weakenedthe controlled fire wasnt mastered until about 790, 000 years ago(2) The presence of biological molecule was important because .A. they suggested a possible means of cooking without firethey cast light on h
9、ow early home erect us livedB. they provided a convenient way of studying stone toolsthey made studies of pre-historic cultures possible(3) The underlined word plausible probably means .A. noticeableapplicableB. reasonableI), affordable(4) What may be the conclusion of the study by Dr. Summons and h
10、is colleague?A. Early humans were capable of making complex stone tools.B. Hot springs help explain how human brains got so big.C. home erect us were adaptable to tough and complex territories.D. Human brains are highly advanced as shown by their size.五、六选四7、【来源】2020年上海杨浦区高三一模第677。题Slower Walkers Ha
11、ve Slower Minds, Scientists RevealOf all human activities, few are so readily credited with enhancing the power of the mind as going for a good walk. However, those who assume that strolling along at a gentle pace is the symbol of superior intellect should think again, scientists have said. 1Doctors
12、 have long used walking speed to gain a quick and reliable understanding of older peoples mental capability, as it is increasingly recognized that pace is associated with not only muscular strength but also the central nervous system. 2 The relationship was so obvious, however, (hat (he US scientist
13、s now say walking tests could be used to provide an early indication of dementia (痴呆).Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the study revealed an average difference of 16 IQ points between the slowest and the fastest walkers at the age of 45. This reflected both the participa
14、nts natural walking speed and the pace they achieved when asked lo walk as fast as they could. 3 Actually, slower walkers were shown to have speeded aging on a 19-measure scale devised by researchers, and their lungs, teeth and immune systems tended to be in worse shape than ihe people who walked fa
15、ster.The 904 New Zealand men and women who were tested at 45 were tracked from the age of three, each undergoing multiple tests over the years. The long-term data collection enabled researchers to establish that kids with lower IQ scores, lower linguistic ability and weaker emotional control tended
16、to have slower walking speeds by middle age. 4 The research team said genetic factors may explain the link between walking speed, brain capacity and physical health or that better brain health might promote physical activity, leading to better walking speed. Some of the differences in health and int
17、ellect may be (he result of lifestyle choices individuals have made.A. Those with a slower pace also scored less well in physical exercises such as handgrip strength and biological markers of good heal th.B. There are already signs in early 1ife of who wou1d become the slowest walkers.C. In fact, ba
18、sed on a new series of experiments, they now believe the slower a persont s tendency to walk, the less able their brain.D. Brain scanning during their final assessment at 45 showed the slower walkers tended to have lower total brain volume and less brain surface area.E. Until now, however, no one kn
19、ew i t could s i gn i f y underlying brain health so much earlier in life.F. Researchers performed walking speed analysis on hundreds of middle-aged people, comparing their psychological results.六、短文缩写8、【来源】2020年上海杨浦区高三一模第71题Directions: Read (he following passage. Summarize (he main idea and the mai
20、n point(s) of (he passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Psychology of SpendingDr. Thomas Gilovich, psychology professor at Cornell University, has studied the psychology of spending for over 20 years. According to Dr. Gilovich, We buy things to make us happy, an
21、d we succeed, but only for a while. New things are exciting to us at first, but (hen we adapt to them. In other words, once the freshness of our newest purchase wears off, we begin looking for something else to buy to make us happy.Dr. Gilovich found that our satisfaction with possessions fades over
22、 time. Yet our happiness over things weve experienced increased. For that reason, he has concluded that we are spending our money on the wrong things. A study out of San Francisco State University agreed. The research showed that those people who spenl money on experiences instead of possessions wer
23、e happier. They also thought (heir money was better invested.To begin with, activities like a trip, adventure, hobby, etc. lend to bring the participants together and unite them over a shared interest. According to Gilovich, We consume experiences directly with other people. As a result, these exper
24、iences typically create a positive link and good feelings toward the other person or people.Besides, your experience shows others who you are and what you are. For example, you might be someone who loves taking cooking classes. More than likely, youll become known by friends and family as a great co
25、ok. They wont know you as someone who owns the latest kitchen equipment.Lastly, planned experiences are frequently something we look forward to. Then when the moment arrives, if wc enjoy the time involved in the activity, wcrc left with fond memories. These memories will often last a lifetime. Even
26、our worst trips, on many occasions, are later remembered with laughter.七、翻译9、【来源】2020年上海杨浦区高三一模第72题翻译你估计这位著名艺术家的原版画作要多少钱？ (estimate)10、【来源】2020年上海杨浦区高三一模第73题翻译本想让自己放松一下的假期结果却成了一场灾难。(intend)11、【来源】2020年上海杨浦区高三一模第74题 翻译这个手无寸铁的年轻人冒着生.命危险阻止了歹徒逃离现场，他是多么勇敢啊！ （risk n.）12、【来源】2020年上海杨浦区高三一模第75题在当今社会，诱惑和干扰无处
27、不在，自律即使不是最重要的，也是重要的品质之一，因为它有效 地促进了一个人的进步和发展。（where）八、书面表达13、【来源】2020年上海杨浦区高三一模第76题Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际（自身或他人的例子），谈谈你对于“舒适圈”的看法。1 、 答案】 what;must;adaptcd;undcr;until;whosc:to be ignored;thc most
28、cffcctivc;Having been testcd;dicd;2、【答案】H;E;K;A;I;G;B;D;F;J;3、【答案】B;A;C;D;D;B;C;C;D;A;D;C;B;D;B;4、【答案】(1)A;(2)B;D;(4) C;5、【答案】(1)B;C;(3) D;6、【答案】(1)D;A;C;B;7、【答案】C;E;A;D;8、 【答案】After studying the link between spending and happiness for years, Dr. Gilovich hasfound that experiences rather than posses
29、sions paid for will more likely bring long-lasting happiness. Firstly, activities can unite individuals, thus creating a feeling of closeness. Secondly, what we do rather than what we own shows our identity. Lastly, experiences whether good or bad. provide lasting fond memories.(59 words)9、 【答案】 How
30、 much do you estimate the famous artists original painting costs?10、 【答案I intended (o relax myself by enjoying the holiday, but it lumed out to be a disaster.*11、答案】 How brave the unarmed young man was to stop (prevent) the criminal from running away from the scene at the risk of his own life!12、【答案
31、】In todays society where temptations and distractions are everywhere, self-discipline is one of the most important qualities, if not the most important, for/as it contributes effectively to/ proiTioters/enhanced a mans progress and development.13、【答案】 Nowadays, many people like (o stay in their comf
32、ort zone, where there are people and things they are familiar with, and all these can make them feel a( ease, helping them gain confidence and satisfaction. However, I think although being stuck in the comfort zone can help us avoid unnecessary challenges, over time, we will have a sense of fear abo
33、ut the world outside the comfort zone, and even find it difficult to adapt to the outside world full of competition, for example, some students lack social skills because they arc always stuck in their comfort zone and refuse to make changes, so I think that as young people, we should pick up our co
34、urage and bravely jump out of our comfort zone and accept new challenges. Only in this way can we stimulate our potential and create miracles in life.Combing the beach for shells, sea glass, or colourful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by many. Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasu
35、re or other objects. Only the lucky few have 1 a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide. The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and throwing it into (he ocean has an interesting past. An early 2 Use for the practice was revealed when the oldest recorded
36、 message in a boule was found by Tony a beach near Wedge Island, Australia.Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the sand and thought it would make a nice 3 . While she was cleaning the sandy gin bottle, a rolled up paper tied with a 4 fell out. The damp page was
37、a message written in German and dated June 12, 1886. According to official documents from the German sailing vessels, Paula, a crew member tossed the bottle overboard a(n) 5 950 am off the coast of Western Australia. Further research authenticated (验证)the letter, which had been sent afloat 132 years
38、 ago and is the oldest message in a bottle ever 6Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by German ships between 1864 and 1933. And 7 inside were official documents written by the captain of the ship, 8 routes, coordinated, and other information. These early messages
39、 in a bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to map ocean 9 around (he world. On (he back of (he notes were 10 to write the time and place the bottles were found and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the nearest German authorities. Using this information for r
40、eference was an early system of studying patterns in nature and the vast ocean in particular.A. stringcontainedB. representingI), detai 1 i ngE. scientificcurrentsF. recoveredencounteredG. estimatedJ. instructionsK. decoration三、完形填空3、【来源】2020年上海杨浦区高三一模第4155题A star athlete stopped by my office and sh
41、e was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match. Im at peak 1 and I practice hard. How is this happening? This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to 2 the out comes of her life by virtue of her hard work.I study and write about resilience （复
42、原力）,and Im noticing a（n）3 increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they teelpowerful and smart. When they fall short of what they imagine they should 4 , however, they are crushed by self-blame.We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protecte
43、d them from 5 . But there is something else at play along the most advantaged in particular: a 6 promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.Psychologists have source d this phenomenon to a misapplication of mind-set research, which has found that praising children for
44、7 will increase academic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mindset education has spread across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not 8 help everyone.One possib
45、le explanation comes from Nine Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressurecooker communities, It is not a 9 of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. 0 , it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fie
46、rce drive for achievements is over ihe lop. This can H physical and emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychologistsGregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the 12 goals showed elevated levels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation （炎症）linked
47、 to diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This knowledge comes early to under represented minorities whose experience of discrimination （歧视）and inequality teaches them to 3 what is, for now, largely beyond t
48、heir control to change. Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things dont go their way , we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform fbr others is more important than wh
49、at 14 inspires them and that where they go to college matters more (han the kind of person they are. We should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least 15 it. Its often the people who learn to say stuff happens who gel up the fastest.A. coolnessB. fitnessC. goodnessD. readinessA. controlB. changcC. adjustD. celebrateA. amusingB. inspir