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1、Book 6 Unit 4 Helping people around the world 阅读理解组块练。阅读理解 A(山西省太原市 2018 届高三第二次模拟考试）In the story of“The crow and the Pitcher”from Aesops Fables,a thirsty crow（乌鸦)drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.Now scientists have evidence to back up that
2、story.Crows actually do understand how to make water displacement(移 位)work to their advantage,experiments show.The results suggest that the birds are，at least in some aspects，as smart as first。graders.Researchers，led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Auckland in New Zealand,presented six crows w
3、ith tubes filled with water.Inside the tubes,a worm or piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating,just out of reach of the crow。In front of the tubes，the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink,and some plastic objects that would float.The crows found out that they could drop
4、the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack。However,the_birds_handled_awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack，the researchers said。Dropping objects into narrow tube would lift the wa
5、ter level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops;while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube.The crows obviously didnt realize this,and most of them went for the wide tube first.Previous studies showed that chimps and human
6、children can solve similar tasks。In a 2011 study，chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.1How did the crows get the snack in Sarahs experiment？ABy breaking the tube。BBy dropping in erasers.CBy standi
7、ng on the wood.DBy removing the wood。2What does the author mean by“the birds handled awkwardly in Paragraph 4？AThey were unable to tell different shapes.BThey dropped objects only into narrow tubes.CThey were not aware of the snack at first sight.DThey mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.
8、3What does the text mainly focus on?AStories of Aesops Fables。BThe development of crows。CCrows intelligence.DHuman animal communication。4What can we learn from the passage？ACrows are almost as clever as first.graders in some respects.BCrows understand water displacement completely。CChimps and childr
9、en are much smarter than crows。DThe story of“The crow and the Pitcher”lacks evidence.【答案与解析】1B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管子里,使食物浮起，然后吃到食物。所以选项 B 正确.2D 语句猜测题。从第四段可知,实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然细管比粗管只需要更少的水和时间就可以把食物浮起来，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易浮起食物的细管。由此可知，这一句话的意思应该是“鸟儿大多没有选择更容易的方式去获得零食”。所以答案选 D。3C 主旨大意题.根据第二段最
10、后一句以及后面的几个实验可知,整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。所以答案选 C.4A 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级的小学生一样聪明，所以选项 A 正确。根据第四段的实验可知,乌鸦并不能很好的理解排水量问题，所以选项 B 错误.根据最后一段的实验可知，黑猩猩和儿童跟乌鸦一样可以解决类似的问题，这不能说明他们比乌鸦聪明,所以选项 C 错误。第二段第一句“Now scientists have evidence to back up that story。”可知，科学家们已经有关于这则寓言的证据了。所以选项 D 错误。B（黑龙江省 2018 仿真模拟五)The
11、 clearing of my parents home has made me think about the importance，even centrality of books to the houses life and soul.The house,and our lives in it,would not have been the same without books。The force of the statement comes home to me as I see what happens when shelves are emptied。The rooms sudde
12、nly look uncomfortably bare。I always rather took it for granted that books furnished a room.The only rooms in our house without books were the dining room and the bathrooms.Otherwise there were books everywhere:in all the bedrooms,in the drawing room and in the piano room which became my parents com
13、fortable winter study.I couldnt help feeling that books were rather like people:some more formal and boring，others more entertaining;some simply for show,others with unpromising outsides but rich interiors。They did more,in fact，than furnish a room;they were companions who could offer insights，good a
14、dvice。Now the books are being contributed(not all,to be sure,but very many)，and I fear for their future，almost as if they were refugees(难民）“Habent sua fata libelli，”goes as the old Latin saying，originally written by Terentianus;it meant that the fate and future of books were determined by the capabi
15、lity of the reader.But the meaning of the phrase has been misunderstood by time and is now associated with the physical fate of particular books，how they have passed from owner to owner。This is how Walter Benjamin read the saying when he wrote his essay Unpacking My Library,which analyses the extrao
16、rdinarily close relationship between a collector and his or her books.As I deal with the booksmany are going to charity(慈善）shops and I hope they will find good homes-I cant help wondering if my generation is the last that will oversee such a process。Books are disappearing，as more and more are bought
17、 in electronic form and exist only as bytes of information on e books or other devices.Does this matter？Could books become more spiritual，as they lose their physicality?5When clearing his parents home,the author_.Arealized the influence of books on his past life Bthought of the statement his parents
18、 once made Cfelt upset to leave his parents books behind Dfound some empty shelves left by his parents 6The underlined word“interiors”in Paragraph 3 refers to_。Apages Bnotes Ccovers Dcontents 7According to Walter Benjamin，_.Aits important to pass books from owner to owner Bthe meaning of books is mi
19、sunderstood by time Cthe future of books depends on readers capability Dthe fate of books is related to their collectors 8From the passage we know that_.Athe author is attached to physical form of books Bthe authors books are bound to find good homes Ce。books have taken the place of traditional ones
20、 Dthe authors parents used every room of theirs as a study【答案与解析】5A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知清理父母的房间时，作者意识到了书对自己过去生活的影响.故选 A。6D 词义猜测题。分析句子 others with unpromising outsides but rich interiors，此处 but 是表示转折的连词，前边讲的是“平凡的外表”,推断出后边是“内在丰富。故 interior 的意思有“内在”之意，书的内在是内容，故选 D。7D 细节理解题。第四段最后一句可知 Walter Benjamin 分析了收藏家和
21、书之间异乎寻常的紧密关系，可知Walter Benjamin 认为书的命运和收藏者有关系。故选 D。8A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可以推断出作者更喜欢印刷版的书籍.故选 A.C(浙江省嘉兴市 2018 届高三 4 月模拟英语试题)New Year s resolutions(决心)have been around long enough that we all scent to stick to the same ones-hit the gym,lay off the candy,read more books,call your motherregardless of whether we
22、 follow through with our intentions.While January 1st seems like the perfect time to have a new start again,exactly when people developed that mindset(思维模式)isnt common knowledge.It turns out that the modern belief of a New Years resolution isnt as old as you thought。According to many historians，the
23、ancient Babylonians were the first group of people to make New Years resolutions.However,instead of making a commitment to self。improvement，they made a commitment to the gods to pay their debts and return any objects they had borrowed。An ancient Roman tradition from 46 BC。,bears even more likeness t
24、o modern resolutions。Emperor Julius Caesar declared January the month of Janus.Romans believed Janus looked backwards into the previous year and ahead into the future。In his honor,they made sacrifices to the god and promises of good behavior for the coming year。But the modern New Years resolution di
25、dnt fully form until centuries later。The practice was common enough by the early 1800s.An article in 1802 states,“Statesmen have sworn to have no other object in view than the good of their country。The physicians have determined to advise the use of medicine no more than is necessary,and to be very
26、reasonable in their fees.The first time“New Years resolution”appeared as a phrase was in the January 1st issue of a Boston newspaper in 1813.“I believe there are a lot of people，”the article goes，“with a serious determination of beginning the New Year with new resolutions and new behavior,and with t
27、he full belief that they shall accept punishment for all their former faults and wipe them away。”So as you make(and possibly fail at)your New years resolutions，know that youre in good company.9 Whose New Years resolutions were most different from the present common practice?AAncient Babylonians。BAnc
28、ient Romans.CStatesmens in the 1800s.DBoston peoples in 1813.10According to Paragraph 4,the physicians focused their resolutions on_.Aannual incomes Bpersonal ambitions Cprofessional honesty Dacademic improvement 11What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo encourage people to make New Year
29、s resolutions。BTo give advice on how to make New Years resolutions.CTo compare different New Years resolutions in history。DTo introduce the development of New Years resolutions。【答案与解析】9A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知古巴比伦最初的新年愿望是希望众神能够帮他们偿还债务，和现在的普遍愿望不一样。故选 A。10C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知医生们的新年愿望是职业操守。故选 C。11D 推理判断题。根据第
30、二段、第三段得知本文主要讲述了新年愿望的历史发展。故选D。D If you have a chance to go to Finland，you will probably be surprised to find how“foolish the Finnish people are.Take the taxi drivers for example。Taxis in Finland are mostly high。class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer.You can go anywhere in one,tell the d
31、river to drop you at any place，say that you have some business to attend to，and then walk off without paying your fare。The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests，but also serve outside diners。Hotel guests have their meals free，s
32、o they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals。The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter.With such a loose check,you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.The Finnish worker
33、s are paid by the hour.They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate.From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly。With so many loopholes in everyday life，surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take_
34、“petty_advantagesBut the strange thing is，all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business;not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms。And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in.As t
35、he Finns always act on good faith in everything they do,living in such a society has turned everyone into a real“gentleman 12The underlined words in this passage mean to“_”Abe ready to help others Bgain something at others expense Cbe a little ahead of others Dmake good use of ones friends 13Which o
36、f the following is NOT true according to the passage?AWhile taking a taxi in Finland，you can get off without first paying your fare.BIn a big hotel in Finland，you can enjoy free meals if youre living in the hotel.CThe workers are always honest with their working hours.DThe bosses in Finland pay the
37、employees according to registration of their working hours.14We can learn from the passage that_.Ain Finland，most taxi drivers will not charge you anything Bthere are many loopholes in everyday life in Finland Cthe Finnish society is of very high moral level Deveryone in Finland is like a gentleman，
38、for they have faith in themselves 15Which of the following is the best title of the passage?AA Society with“Foolish”People BLife in Finland CWhat a Life DHonest Accounts of the Finns【答案与解析】12B 词义猜测题。由上文和本句句意，可将画线短语理解为“贪小便宜”（直译为“由别人支付”)。13D 细节理解题。选项 A 与第二段第二、三句表述一致；选项 B 与第三段第二句表述相符；由最后一段倒数第二句可知 C 项也正
39、确；由文章第四段可知，芬兰的老板很信任员工，员工领取工资时只需说出工作时间即可，而不必登记，故 D 项错误。14C 推理判断题。由全文及文章最后一段中“As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do”可以推断那里的人们的道德水平较高。15A 主旨大意题。文章主要是说明芬兰人的诚实，Foolish 加引号表示反义。七选五 Sure,weve all heard that we should get more sleep.The realities of life often make it become“we should
40、get more sleep later”1 The result is that you wake up the next day feeling like a role of The Walking Dead。Here are four ways you can adjust your biology in order to pay less for staying up。Move around。Exercising before bed is a sure way to keep awake.Thats why you shouldnt do it when you want to go
41、 to sleep,and it is also why hitting the gym，or even some fast push。ups can tell your body that its not time for bed.Being physically exhausted isnt fun when you are trying to stay up late。2 Eat more protein.Few people think about the fact that the brain and body use a lot more energy when were awak
42、e。If you are pulling an all。nighter，youre going to need a lot more food than you are used to eating.3 To stay awake,plan to eat larger meals than normal and to eat them more frequently。Drink the right stuff.Its tempting(诱人的）to switch to sugary caffeine drinks like Red Bull，but the sugar will lead to
43、 a crash.Instead，if you want to use caffeine，drink early in the evening.4 Dont make it worse by drinking sugar。5 Turn the lights down at night because bright lights keep you awake.For three or four hours after youre exposed to bright white light,your body wont make melatonin，a must for deep sleep.AT
44、urn the lights off。BJust do enough to get energetic.CAnd your body can never bear something like that。DYour brain can use up to 25 percent of your total calories。EWhen you stay up late,your blood sugar becomes abnormal。FThere is either more work to be done，or more fun to be had，or both。GAvoid bright
45、 lights.【答案】15 FBDEG 语言知识运用组块练。完形填空 When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person,we usually say“Sorry，_1_ number!and move on.But when Dennis Williams _2_ a text that clearly wasnt intended for him,he did something _3_。On March 19,Dennis got a group text _4_ him that a
46、couple he didnt know were at the hospital,waiting for the _5_ of a baby。“Congratulations!But I think someone was mistaken，”Dennis _6_.The baby was born and update texts were _7_ quickly from the overjoyed grandmother,Teresa。In her _8_，she didnt seem to realize that she was _9_ the babys photos with
47、a complete stranger。“Well,I dont _10_you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,”replied Dennis before asking which room the new _11_ were in.Much to the familys surprise,Dennis stuck to his _12_！He turned up at the hospital _13_ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.Lin
48、dseys husband was totally _14_ by the unexpected visit。“I dont think we would have randomly invited him over but we _15_ it and the gifts.”Teresa _16_ a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website _17_by the touching words：“What a _18_ this young man was to our family!He was so _19_an
49、d kind to do this。The post has since gained the _20_ of social media users all over the world,receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.1A。unlucky Bsecret Cnew Dwrong 2A.received Btranslated Ccopied Dprinted 3A。reasonable Bspecial Cnecessary Dpractical 4A.convincing Brem
50、inding Cinforming Dwarning 5A.wake.up Brecovery Cgrowth Darrival 6A。responded Binterrupted Cpredicted Drepeated 7A。coming in Bsetting out Cpassing down Dmoving around 8A.opinion Banxiety Cexcitement Deffort 9A。comparing Bexchanging Cdiscussing Dsharing 10A.accept Bknow Cbelieve Dbother 11A.parents B