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1、【新课标全国卷】考点1 阅读理解2022届高考英语一轮复习考点易错题提升练解题技巧1. 细节理解题（1）题干定位，按图索骥。细心审题，直接就题找答案。先看文章后面的问题，注意题干中的关键词，如：人物、时间和事件等，做到有的放矢。根据题干中的标志性词语定位到原文，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，找到与原文相符的选项，确定正确答案。快速寻找信息点的策略一般适用于做功能型阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这类题时，没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”解题。（2）语义转换，变通理解。变通理解，间接转述找答案。有些细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，很少直接用原文中的句
2、子进行考查，题干通常会对这些句子进行语义转换，包括同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等。如：同义改写：题干将原文中的词或短语换成另外的词或短语，词性和结构不变，意义相近。转变词性与结构：题干关键信息并不一定与原文中相关信息一致，而是作了一定的转化。如将名词词组转化为意义相近的动词或形容词等。（3）查读分析，多点归纳。多点归纳，综合事实找答案。此方法适用于离散型细节理解题或数字计算题。根据题干要求，迅速找到与之相关的事实或数据，对其进行分析整合，得出正确答案。文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目的答案很少是文章中直接出现的数字或日期，通常需要作简单的计算。图文转换类的题，即根据短文描述确定
3、相应图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字答案。此类题可采用“文字锁定法”解题，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”索“图”，这样，便可迅速地锁定对应图形。2.主旨大意题（1）学会寻找主题句主题句所在的位置一般有四种情况：一是文首。有些文章先提出主题，接着围绕主题展开叙述。二是文末。有些文章在表述细节后，归纳要点，概括主题。此类文章往往以列举事实开头，最后归纳主题。三是文首和文末。有时为突出主题，作者会先点明主题，结尾时再次强调，但前后表述的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往是对主题的进一步延伸和深化。四是文中。通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由陈述的细节引出，而后又对其进行学会寻找主题句一步的阐释。（2）学
4、会归纳概括在没有明确的主题句时，考生必须根据文中所提供的事实和细节，进行全面考虑、综合分析，归纳出文章的主题。要灵活运用跳读、略读等技巧进行阅读，在这个过程中注意每段的段首和段尾，同时，还可利用信息词、标志词等提示进行概括。（3）学会分析选项在做主旨大意题时，考生不仅可以从文章出发概括出主题，也可以从选项反推出主题。要多注意选项之间的比对。3.推理判断题（1）忠实原文要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆断、凭空想象，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。（2）吃透文章要吃透文章，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示
5、和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。考生可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来进行分析、推断，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。（3）深层挖掘要对文字的深层含义进行挖掘，由表及里，由浅入深，通过分析、判断进行合乎逻辑的推理。（4）理清思路要把握文中句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要把握文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，理清思路，悟出作者的言外之意。4.词义猜测题（1）利用构词法猜词义构词法是英语单词形成的主要途径，根据构词法猜测词义一般比较接近单词的真实意思，准确度比较高。（2）利用语法关系猜词义利用语法关系猜测词义指利用语言表述中的举例子、下定义、同位
6、语、标点符号、定语从句等进行词义猜测的方法。（3）利用逻辑关系猜词义语言表达总是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据语言的内在逻辑关系往往可以粗略地推断出词义或大致义域。对我们猜测词义具有较大帮助的逻辑关系通常有并列、转折、因果等。（4）利用上下文语境猜词义在文章中，任何一个单词都不是孤立存在的，它总会和其他单词产生联系，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词或短语在文中的意思，尤其是代词的指代含义。（5）利用生活常识和文化背景知识猜词义1. In my living room, there is a plaque(匾) that advises me to Bloom(开花) where you are pl
7、anted. It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a programme with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the programme. Dorothy
8、stands out in my memory as one who bloomed in her remote area. Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain. In the eight-mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track f
9、ive times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness. From the moment of my arr
10、ival at the little school, all gloom(忧郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothys classroom, I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbre
11、ad for dinner (lunch). In case you dont know, poke greens are a weed-type plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground. Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to
12、 receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment(评价) and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her PhD degree. After the meal, she placed a littl
13、e box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom(传家宝), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.1.Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by _.A.a warm welcomeB.the sight of poke greensC.Dorothys latest
14、 projectsD.a big dinner made for her2.What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?A.She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.B.She got a pen as a gift from the author.C.She passed the required assessment.D.She received her PhD degree.3.What does the author mainly intend to tell us
15、?A.Whatever you do, you must do it carefully.B.Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment.C.However poor you are, you have the right to education.D.Wherever you are, you can be successful and accomplished(获得) your achievement.2. Its a tragedy(悲剧) that could be avoided: every year, more than 400 pe
16、ople in Britain die while waiting for a replacement organ for their bodies. Although organ transplants(器官移植) have been saving lives for more than 60 years, the right body part is often not available at the right time simply because not enough people choose to be donors. Should people therefore be re
17、quired to allow their organs to be used by others after death? The British Medical Association(BMA), which represents doctors in Britain, says yes. A system of presumed consent(默许) would automatically make everyone over the age of 16 an organ donor. Individuals would be allowed to put out, that is t
18、o say, decide not to be an organ donor, if thats what they prefer. The BMA points to much higher organ donation rates in countries that have opt-out systems, such as Spain, Belgium, Austria and the Czech Republic. Englands chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson, also wants to change the organ-don
19、or system from opt-in to opt-out. All of this sounds like very good news for the 7,500 people in the UK who are waiting for transplants of critical organs, tissues, skin and bones. Britains National Health Service(NHS) recently counts 14. 3 million organ donors on a list which began in 1994. Not eve
20、ryone wants to participate, however, according to the NHS, 90 per cent of the British strongly support organ donation, but only 23 per cent are on the organ-donor list. Why the discrepancy(差异)? One reason is that organ donation is a personal matter. Another reason may be indecision: when families ar
21、e not sure about a dead relatives wishes, 40 per cent decide not to donate his or her organs. Interestingly, religion has little to do with a decision not to donate. All six of the main religions in Britain support organ donation and transplantation. The government decided in 2018 how the system of
22、organ donation should workwithout a policy of presumed consent. Opinion among members of parliament(议会) continues to be divided; but the tragedy goes on: as things are now, one in ten Britons in need of an organ will never get one.1.What does the tragedy in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.People are required
23、 to be organ donors.B.Organ transplants could save lives for more than 60 years.C.More and more donors organs are not proper for operation.D.Many patients have to die because of no replacement organ.2.According to Paragraph 4, most British people _.A.support organ donation without actionB.want to pa
24、rticipate in organ donationC.are willing to donate their organsD.dont like NHS activity3.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Analysing the tragedy of organ donation.B.Persuading people to support organ donation.C.Praising those people who donate their organs.D.Listing governments measures on organ
25、donation.3. The story began with a young mother who had three sons. Unfortunately, the youngest son developed slow thinking skills, not having the intelligence of his brothers. With double duty as the mother of the household, she was exhausted, so that the youngest was often the target of anger and
26、annoyance. Bad words, such as you little fool and the like, served as a daily meal for the youngest. The words and curses he got from the mother and ridicule from friends convinced him that he was distressing and embarrassing his family. Every morning he woke up with his own face staring from the mi
27、rror reflection, he started to say quietly and sadly, The fool is going to school. As adult citizens, there was compulsory military service which should be lived. Thus, the youngest son also signed: up and started to follow the various tests: a medical, physical ability test and other tests. On the
28、day of the announcement, he was called into the board of examiners. In his mind, he convinced himself that he was the fool and couldnt pass the tests this time as he entered the room with his head down. It was not expected at all. The tests turned out to have the highest praise from the board of exa
29、miners. Congratulations, young man! Your test results are incredible! You are really a great and talented young man. Words from the board of examiners became the discovery of a new side of himself that was not known in advance. Voice kept echoing in his mind, such as I, the great man, am in the show
30、er, The great man washes his face, The talented young man again brushes his teeth and so on. Confidence and improved self-image came beyond usual. 20 years later, the youngest established himself as a successful businessman who was admired and respected, and received many awards. The mindset and bel
31、ief are the power behind the success that is within us. Whatever we think and believe in our minds continuously, it will eventually materialize in reality. Thats the universally applicable law.1.Why was the youngest often scolded by his mother?A.He was not as clever as his brothers.B.He considered h
32、imself to be a fool.C.He didnt behave himself at school.D.He didnt cook meals for his mother.2.From the passage we know that the young mother is _.A.selfish and lazyB.gentle and caringC.ill-tempered and impatientD.kind-hearted and diligent3.What happened to the youngest son later on?A.He received ai
33、d from others.B.He became an admirable psychologist.C.He became a successful businessman.D.He developed strange mental diseases.4.From the passage, the author tells us that _.A.military service can change a person completelyB.mothers attitude towards children is importantC.even a fool can become a s
34、uccessful businessmanD.think big and you will get big results4. The skin under the eyes is delicate, which is why it sometimes appears sunken(凹陷) and has darker coloring than elsewhere on the face. Aging and health problems play a role in sunken eyes but other factors can contribute, so it may affec
35、t younger people as well. Dehydration（脱水）The most common cause of sunken eyes is dehydration, or not having enough water in the body. Consuming too much coffee, soda, and prepackaged drinks may increase production of urine(尿液), which may lead to dehydration. Vitamin shortagesShortages of vitamin C,
36、vitamin K, and iron can cause eyes to become sunken. Vitamin C helps with absorbing iron and decreasing bruising(瘀斑), while vitamin K is responsible for blood thickening, causing unhealthy skin. Easy bruising and unhealthy skin will result in sunken eyes. Weight lossMost people tend to lose weight i
37、n their face first. Sometimes, the weight loss is sudden enough to make blood vessels(血管)below the eyes easy to see, and the skin clear, producing the appearance of sunken eyes. Sudden weight loss may also cause nutritional shortages, which can lead to sunken eyes. Not enough sleep or poor quality s
38、leep can cause sunken eyes and a persons DNA or the habit of smoking can also contribute to sunken eyes. Most cases of sunken eyes relate to the quality of an individuals nutrition and healthy living. When these causes are corrected, sunken eyes can be resolved without further treatment. This means
39、that causes can be avoided or treated in good time to prevent the recurrence of sunken eyes. 1. What can we do to prevent dehydration according to the text?A. Refuse coffee. B. Drink more water. C. Say no to soft drinks. D. Have certain drinks less. 2. What will lead to bruising below the eyes?A. La
40、ck of vitamin K. B. Water shortages. C. Lack of vitamin C. D. Nutritional shortages. 3. Which of the following should be avoided for people losing weight?A. Pale faces. B. Sudden weight loss. C. Clean skin. D. Narrow blood vessels.5. A notice at IKEA Shanghai has been shared widely among netizens on
41、 Chinese social media. It states that the stored cafeteria now requires customers to order food before sitting down in cafeteria seats. The policy is in response to an elderly blind dating group that occupies seats for a long time, consuming only their own food brought from home. Do you support IKEA
42、s new regulation? China Daily readers share their opinions with us.Lee Xin (China) The elderly are harmless. They are lonely and are probably hoping to find some company again. If anything, the store should at least sympathize with these old people.Mbursian (US) This is more for socializing than for
43、 romance. I really dont think a home furnishing store is a good dating place for seniors. IKEA could also post a reasonable time limit per visit during peak hours. Or instead of tables and chairs, they could use those standing tables and get rid of the chairs altogether. At least IKEAs cafeteria isn
44、t occupied by the dancing grannies and their portable PA systems.SEARU (Australia) Romance is the most important thing while eating is not that important! So a noble man always leaves more space for seniors love affairs!Mr. Qiu (Shanghai, China 65 years old) We have been to fast food outlets like Mc
45、Donalds, but there are barely any peers there. We feel like aliens surrounded by youngsters. If there is another place in Shanghai where elderly people can gather, we are more than ready to pay twice as much and travel further.TedM (UK) Romance can arise in many places, even IKEA. However, this deba
46、te arose as a result of many people taking advantage of IKEAs generous drink offers and going there to meet and stay with friends without buying anything. IKEA is a shop; it exists to provide a service for a reasonable profit. It is not a public park.Michel (New Zealand) To everyone romanticizing th
47、is, please also consider that the store has an image to uphold while protecting the interests of other paying customers. It is ugly to take up seats for such long durations while you make others wait.1.How many people are in support of this new regulation?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.2.What is the major cause of
48、 this new regulation?A.Senior blind dates influencing their business.B.IKEA has zero tolerance for romantic behavior.C.The strong reaction of netizens on social media.D.Old people eating their own food to save money.3.People who are against the new regulation will probably agree that _.A.seniors love affairs can contribute to the stores imageB.IKEA is the only place where seniors can find their peersC.the society i