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1、2023年高考英第二轮复习新高考题型组合练（四）拔高篇08阅读理解C、D篇+完形填空+读后续写【阅读理解C篇】C(2022 山西一模)Researchers from Londons Queen Mary University studied how participants were affected by pollution based on where they live. In the journal Circulation on Friday, the scientists revealed that air pollution can harm the heart to the p
2、oint where it resembles the early stages of heart failure.According to Emory Healthcare, deaths have decreased around 12 percent per decade on average over the past 50 years, but 287,000 people die from heart failure each year. There are more hospitalizations from heart failure each year than all ca
3、ncers combined.In this study, the scientists examined information from 4,000 participants that were in the UK Biobank study. Volunteers had blood tests, health scans and heart MRIs, which measured the function, size and weight of their hearts. They also recorded their lifestyle, health record and wh
4、ere theyve lived.The team found participants had larger right and left ventricles in the heart when they lived closer to busy roads and were exposed to nitrogen dioxide(NOz), which enters the air when fuel is burned. The right and left ventricles are crucial for pumping blood. They were healthy but
5、resembled the ventricles in early-stage heart failure. The scientists found that the higher the exposure to the pollutants, the greater the changes in the heart.“Air pollution should be seen as a modifiable risk factor/9 Dr. Nay Aung, who led the data analysis of the study, said in a statemnent from
6、 Queen Mary University. The public all need to be aware of their exposure when they think about their heart health, just like they think about their blood pressure and their weight.”Professor Jeremy Pearson, Associate Medical Director at the British Heart Foundation said in the statement from Queen
7、Mary University, We cant expect people to move home to avoid air pollution, so government and public bodies must act right now to make all areas safe and protect the population from these harni.” 1. What is the finding of the study?A. Air pollution causes many people to die.B , People have big probl
8、ems of heart health.C. Peoples houses have a great effect on the heart.D. Air pollution makes our hearts at risk of heart failure.2. What does paragraph 2 mainlytell us about heart failure?A.It can be cured easily.B.It remains a serious threat.C.Its the most common illness.D.It causes people to suff
9、er cancers.3. What did the team find on the participants exposed to air pollution?A.They had many health problems.B.Their ventricles worked better.C.Their hearts were out of danger.D.The size of their hearts was bigger.4. Which of the following is Dr. Nay Aungs suggestion?A.Moving to safer areas.B.L
10、iving far away from crowds.C.Taking notice of air pollution.D.Taking blood pressure regularly.【阅读理解D篇】D（2021 .安庆一中高三期中）A young Dutch inventor is widening his effort to clean up floating plastic from the Pacific Ocean. He has developed a floating device to trap plastic waste moving into rivers before
11、 it reaches the oceans.Boyan Slat was just 18 years old when he invented a system for catching waste in the ocean. He also founded an environmental group called The Ocean Cleanup”. Its purpose is to develop the system. Last year, Slat showed the next step: a floating device called Interceptor. It re
12、moves plastic out of rivers. The device is powered by energy from the sun. The 1,000 rivers are responsible for about 80% of plastic going into the worlds oceans, said Slat. Three of the machines have already been used. Each machine costs about $ 775,660, but the cost might drop as production increa
13、ses.Since they were used, the machines have been doing very well, collecting the plastic bottles and all the rubbish in the rivers. According to Slat, it is necessary to close “the tap”, which means preventing more plastic from reaching the ocean in the first place. He wanted to clean them all in th
14、e next five years. This is not going to be easy, but if we do get this done, we could truly make our oceans again,“ said Slat.The device is designed to be safe in rivers. Its nose is shaped to change directions to keep it away from larger floating things. It works by guiding plastic waste into an op
15、ening in the front of the device. The waste is then carried inside the machine where it is dropped into containers. The device sends a text message to local operators that can come and empty it when it is full.5. What do we know about Interceptor?A. It is being under test.B. It can help sort waste.C
16、. It needs solar power to work.D. It is mainly used in the oceans.6. What does “the tap,9 refer to in paragraph 3?A. The rivers.B. The machines.C. The oceans.D. The waste.7. Whafs the function of the devices nose?A. To empty the waste.B. To serve as containers.C. To ensure the devices safety.D. To s
17、end operators text messages.8. Where is the text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebook.C. A novel.D. A magazine.【完形填空】（2021 吉林市高三三模）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Shortly after I graduated from junior high in 1968, my mother began repeating her boring words: Learn to
18、 9, and doors will open for you, Pam. I would 10 with a sigh “Yes, Mom“ or, an eye roll when out of her 11As an immigrant mother, she believed typing was a（n） 12 American skill”. That meant it was up to me, her American-born child, to learn to type. Then a typewriter appeared for my birthday.“Thanks
19、, Mom, but I cant type,“ I 13 reminded her.“Thats going to change J she answered, also gently. “Soon.”Mom was a woman of her 14 “Soon” arrived just one week later, when she took me to the Crown Business Institute and put my name on the 15 of the institutes typing lessons.Every morning I 16 to Crown
20、and by noon we were finished, fingers ached terribly. As the lessons progressed, Mom began to show me a completely 17 side. The usually mild-mannered woman changed into a strict army officer, making me practice over and over, and Im sure even my typewriter was begging for 18. My mother encouraged an
21、d comforted me when I 19 or wanted to give up. She stated her 20 but still effective typing-can-open-doors words, and I would just continue practicing. When I finally completed the course, showing the 21 to my mother, Mom cried.Mom was right. Many 22 did open for me. My life would have been differen
22、t had Mom not insisted on my learning to type at a young age. It was Mom who 23 me through one door so future doors could open. That old and faded certificate is just as much hers as it is mine.9. A. writeB. driveC. drawD. type10. A. agreeB. respondC. startD. share11. A. touchB.reachC. doubtD. view1
23、2. A. essentialB. difficultC. convenientD. easy13. A. eagerlyB. urgentlyC. gentlyD. gratefully14. A. moodB. deedC. wordD. mind15. A. cardB. noteC. basisD. list16. A. explainedB. reportedC. appealedD. listened17. A. differentB. normalC. irrelevantD. new18. A. pardonB. mercyC. helpD. advice19. A. slep
24、tB.refusedC. regrettedD. struggled20. A. much-practicedB. well-knownC. well-wornD. much-deserved21. A. application22. A. wondersB. noticeB. doorsC. presentC. accountsD. certificateD. situations23. A. pushedB. leftC. droppedD. cut【读后续写】（2021 湖北协作体期末）阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段,使之构成一个完整的故事。Tim, a 14-year-
25、old boy, was walking alone on the streets. It was almost 10 p.m.This evening, Tims mom asked him about his low grades in the recent exam. Tim had a careless attitude and did not reply in a nice way. She scolded him, but Tim quarreled with her without realizing he was also at fault. The discussion en
26、ded so bad that Tim left their house in a storm with his eyes filled with tears. Complaints swept over him and the question constantly flashed in his mind why his mother didnt care about him but only about the grades.He walked for more than two hours, exhausted and hungry. Suddenly, he was attracted
27、 by a sweet smell from a small noodle shop.He realized there was not even a coin in his pocket. With a sad face, he decided to leave. The shop owner smiled and said she wouldnt ask him for any.She prepared a hot bowl of delicious noodles for Tim. Tim thanked her from his heart and promised her that
28、he would return her kindness.注意：续写词数应为150词左右。Para 1:Tim was in tears when he ate the noodles.Para2:After having a talk with the shop owner, Tim realized his mistake.【参考答案】【阅读理解】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是研究表明，空气污染能改变人的心脏结构。这种现象类似于早期的心脏衰 竭。【解析】1. D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“In the journal Circulation on Friday, the scien
29、tists revealed that air pollution can harm the heart to the point where it resembles (类似)the early stages of heart failure.(科学家们在周五的循 环(Circulation)杂志上透露，空气污染会对心脏造成损害，其程度相当于心力衰竭的早期阶段。厂可知， 该研究发现空气污染能危害人的心脏，使心脏处于衰竭的危险中。故选D。2. B 推理判断题。根据第二段的“According to Emory Healthcare, deaths have decreased around 1
30、2 percent per decade on average over the past 50 years, but 287,000 people die from heart failure each year. There are more hospitalizations from heart failure each year than all cancers combined.(据埃默里医疗中心(Emory Healthcare) 称，在过去50年里，死亡人数平均每十年下降12%左右，但每年有28.7万人死于心力衰竭。每年因心力 衰竭住院的人数比因癌症住院的人数加起来还要多。厂可知
31、，心脏衰竭对人类来说依旧是很大的威胁。故 选B。3. D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“The team found participants had larger right and left ventricles (心室)in the heart when they lived closer to busy roads and were exposed to nitrogen dioxide(NOz), which enters the air when fuel is burned.(研究小组发现，当受试者居住的地方离繁忙的道路较近，且暴露在二氧化氮(NOz)环境中时， 他们的左心室和右心室
32、会变大。二氧化氮是燃料燃烧时进入空气中的物质。厂可知，研究团队发现当参与 者们暴露在污染的空气下，他们的左心室和右心室就会变大。故选D。4. C 细节理解题。根据第五段的“The public all need to be aware of their exposure when they think about their heart health, just like they think about their blood pressure and their weight.(当公众考虑他们的心脏健康时，他 们都需要意识到他们的暴露，就像他们考虑他们的血压和体重一样。厂可知，Dr. Na
33、y Aung告诉人们要注 意空气污染。故选C。【阅读理解】D篇【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍荷兰年轻发明家发明的一种移除河流中塑料垃圾的机器。【解析】5. C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The device is powered by energy from the sun.”可知，这台设备是以太阳 能为动力的。6. A 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“which means preventing more plastic from reaching the ocean in the first place”可知，Slat认为如果减少河里的垃圾，就能阻止垃圾进入海洋，此处clos
34、e “the tap”是比喻说 法，因此the tap指的是河流。7. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The device is designed to be safe in rivers. Its nose is shaped to change directions to ke叩it away from larger floating things.”可知,这个装置在河里是安全的,因为它的头部在碰到 较大的漂浮物时会转变方向，故选C项。8. D文章出处题。本文是一篇科技类说明文，可能出自杂志。【完形填空】【导语】 本文的语篇类型是夹叙夹议文，主题语境为人与自我。作者回忆了初中毕业后妈妈
35、强烈要求并鼓励她学习 打字，使她终身受益的故事。【解析】9. D 根据下文typing was可知，学习打字吧。10. B 根据上文my mother began repeating her boring words可知，作者总是叹着气回应。11. D 根据全文可知，作者不喜欢打字，妈妈总是唠叨，故在妈妈不看的时候他翻了翻白眼。12. A 根据下文 That meant it was up to me, her American-born child, to learn type 可知，妈妈认为打字在美 国是一项重要的技能。13. C 根据下文also gently可知，作者轻轻地提醒她。14
36、. C 根据下文“Soon”airived just one week later可知，妈妈是个言行一致的人。15. D 根据上文she took me to the Crown Business Institute可知，她把作者的名字登记在了打字课的报名 名单上。16. B 根据句意，每天早上作者去Crown报到上课。17. A当课程慢慢进行时，妈妈开始展示出完全不同的一面。18. B 根据上文making me practice over and over可知，作者确信就连打字机都在求饶。19. D 根据下文wanted to give up可知，当作者学习感到吃力或者要放弃时，妈妈鼓励安
37、慰他。20. C 根据第一段妈妈总是repeating her boring words可知，她又说她那陈腐的但依然有效的话。21. D 根据上文作者完成了打字课程和本文最后一句中的certificate可知，他给妈妈看合格证书。22. B 根据文章第一 doors will open for you, Pam 及最后一段 so future doors could open 可知，很多门真 得为作者打开了。23. A 根据全文可知，妈妈带作者通往了打字之门，故用push me through the dooro【读后续写】【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了 Tim因为学习成绩与妈妈吵架，生
38、气的离开了家。饥饿时遇上好心店主给 了他一碗面条吃，并且劝说他理解妈妈，回到妈妈身边。最后Tim回到了家，承认了错误，妈妈也认为自己 的做法有不妥之处，母子二人重归于好。【参考范文】One possible version：Paragraph 1:Tim was in tears when he ate the noodles. The shop owner asked Tim what happened. Tim told him about the quarrel with his mother. The shop owner asked Tim, Do you feel you owe
39、me something? Tim said, Yes. Of course! This is a great help. I was very hungry as I ate nothing from the noon! The shop owner smiled, “Good, my dear! Now think about your mom. She cooked for you. She took care of you with all her heart. She was always there fbr you when you needed her. Even now, sh
40、e has quarreled with you for your own good. Dont you owe a lot to her?” Tim was lost in thought.Paragraph 2:After having a talk with the shop owner, Tim realized his mistake. He thanked the shop owner and rushed to his home. He saw his mother searching for him on the streets with tears in her eyes.
41、He hugged her and begged her for forgiveness. His mother said excitedly, You can come back by yourself and acknowledge your mistake, which means that you are a clever boy. I made a mistake,too. I only cared more about your scores rather than you. I apologize to you for that now. We make a promise that we should communicate with each other calmly when facing tough problems. Tim nodded his head firmly tears shining in his eyes.