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1、2021/9/271Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 动名词动名词Participle 分词分词2021/9/272Structure:to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative(否定否定):not to doPassive voice:2021/9/273(1).主语主语 Subject不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj.(for sb)to do sth.It is+a pleasu
2、re/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb+time to do.is important to get enough sleep at night2021/9/274(2).表语表语 PredicativeMy jobisYour task _(努力学习努力学习).is to study hardTo see is to believe.to teach you English.2021/9/275These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3)宾语宾语 Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动
3、词有:fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.+to dolike to domanage to do2021/9/276The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4).宾补宾补 Complement五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉:feel当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,a
4、dvise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等等.医生建议他去南方医生建议他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.+sb to do2021/9/277I made him do his work.He _by me.See sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B.to fall C.falling D.fallen改错:He was heard talk to h
5、is mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work2021/9/278(5).定语定语 Attributive(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothing_.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.sch
6、ool to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.（没有什么可担心的没有什么可担心的）a room to live in2021/9/279I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语状语 Adverbial
7、in order to,so as to,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果表结果This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto,tooto,only to,etc.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.2021/9/27101.作主语作主语2.作表语作表语3.作宾语作宾语4.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语5.作定语作定语6.作状语作状语在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:2021/9/2711主动语态主动语态被动语
8、态被动语态进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式Tense and Voice（时态与语态）to be doing to have done to have been done-to have been doing-2021/9/2712(1).They pretended not to see us.(2).He pretended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后发生在它之后.).)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动
9、作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)2021/9/2713who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether 等连用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。我不知道是否要接受邀请。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is v
10、ery important.(主语主语)如何解决这个问题很重要如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.(表语表语)不定式与疑问词连用不定式与疑问词连用:2021/9/2714关于省略关于省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.e.g.:Would you like to go with me?(2).不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构,be 不可省不可省.e.g.:Would you like to be a teacher?A.Id li
11、ke to B.Id like to go Yes,_.A.Id like to be.B.Id like to.Yes,_.2021/9/2715 (eat,give up,finish,explain,tell)1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was w
12、arned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it,but I forgot to do so.to have told 2021/9/27161.-I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he alwa
13、ys prefers _ a bicycle.A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding2021/9/27174.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned 3.While shopping,people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to pursue
14、B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 2021/9/27185.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.n
15、ot making D.dont make2021/9/27197.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.see8.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A.who B.when C.how D.why 2021/9/27209.P
16、aul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning10.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off2021/9/272111.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to fi
17、nish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone 12.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects2021/9/272213.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking14.The teach
18、er asked us _ so much noise.A.dont make B.not makeC.not making D.not to make2021/9/2723不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：(1)(1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.I have a lot of work to do.(2)(2)主谓关系主谓关系 He is always the first
19、to come.He is always the first to come.(3)(3)同位关系同位关系We all have a chance to go to college.We all have a chance to go to college.2021/9/2724固定句型固定句型:had better+(not)do sth.had better+(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事Why(not)do sth.?Why(not)do sth.?prefer to do/prefer doingprefer to do/prefer doingprefer+
20、n./doing A+to+n./doing Bprefer+n./doing A+to+n./doing Bprefer+to do A rather than (to)do Bprefer+to do A rather than (to)do Bwould rather(not)do sth.would rather(not)do sth.would rather do A than(do)Bwould rather do A than(do)Bwould rather+would rather+句子（过去式）句子（过去式）（虚拟语（虚拟语气）气）要做要做2021/9/2725*在在the
21、 first,the secondthe first,the second，the lastthe last和和onlyonly之后，只能用之后，只能用to doto do。如：He was the last to leave the classroom*如果如果understandunderstand，realize,knowrealize,know用在用在begin,start,attempt,begin,start,attempt,intendintend后，只能用后，只能用to doto do。如：I began to understand the truth*表示目的的不定式的否定式
22、一般不用表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,not to do,而用而用in order not in order not to doto do或或so as not to doso as not to do。如：()In order not to be seen,he came into the room()In order not to be seen,he came into the room through the windowthrough the window ()Not to be seen,he came into the room through the wi
23、ndow ()He came into the room through the window so as()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seennot to be seen*so as to doso as to do一般不放在句首。一般不放在句首。()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early busbus (X)So as
24、to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning2021/9/27261.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give upC.give up D.given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A.explained B.to explain C.being explained D.explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern pa
25、rt of the Atlantic.A.having been B.to have beenC.to be D.being2021/9/27274.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenC.to be weaving D.to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B.learning C.to be learned D.to learn6.The light in the off
26、ice is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off2021/9/27287.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving,making B.to solving,madeC.to solv
27、e,making D.to solve,made8.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to study2021/9/27299.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to C.managed to D.planned10.We find it impossible for the wo
28、rk _ ahead of time.A.to finish B.finishing C.being finished D.to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.-Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B.try going C.to try going D.try to go 2021/9/273012._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeC.Making D.To
29、 have made13.I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read2021/9/27311.To see you is glad.=Its glad to see you.2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you.4.My hope is to
30、 see you.5.He is the man to see you.6.Im glad to see you.7.I went to see you.8.He went so early as to see you9.To tell you the truth,I dont agree with you.10.How to solve this problem is very important.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）独立成分独立成分
31、和疑问词连用和疑问词连用2021/9/2732主动语态被动语态ing 一般式一般式完成式完成式一一.Structure：doing Negative：not doing二二.时态和语态时态和语态makinghaving made(不作定语）不作定语）being madehaving been made(不作定语不作定语2021/9/27331.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作定语作定语4.作表语作表语2021/9/2734Collecting information is very important to business.1.作主语作主语:Seeing is believing.e.g.
32、-What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match.A.Having been lost B.Lost C.Because of losing D.LosingKey:_DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappy2021/9/2735对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。Crying over the spilt milk is no use.It is no use crying over the spilt milk.类似的还有：It is no
33、good doing sth.It is no use doing sth.2021/9/2736I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作宾语作宾语:Vt.Prep.+doing2021/9/2737admit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,admit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,mi
34、ss,avoid,delay,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,cant help,excuse,escape,consider,cant help,等。等。如:1）你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?Would you mind my smoking here?2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴.The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3）Good news keeps coming.2021/9/2738e.g.insi
35、st on,prevent from,depend on,feel like,be fond of,succeed in,be proud of,excuse for,apologize for,look forward to,object to,be used to,be opposed to,etc.Prep.后通常用后通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语.ve.g.The boy stood still without _(dare)to raise his head because of _(break)a vase.daringhaving broken2021/9/2739rememb
36、er to do remember doingforget to do forget doingstop to do stop doinggo on to do go on doingtry to do try doingregret to do regret doing mean to do mean doing2021/9/2740V +sb to do sthV +sb to do sth&V+doing sthV+doing sthe.g.：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.Please permit me to intro
37、duce myself to you firstYou surely cant consider him to be a selfish manMy parents forbid me to stay out after mid-nightI allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes.2021/9/2741adviseadvisepermitpermitallowallowadmitadmitforbidforbidconsider consider doingdoing sth sth.e.g.：The
38、little boy admitted having broken the glass.They shouldnt allow parking in the street;its too narrow.I forbid smoking in my houseWe do not permit smoking in the office2021/9/2742My hobby is collecting stamps and fishing.His job is teaching.Whats the difference between them?Im fishing.My hobby is fis
39、hing.动名词动名词现在分词现在分词2021/9/2743a walking walking stickA swimmingswimming poolA sleepingsleeping car区别区别The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态示该名词所处的状态2021/9/2744Tom insisted on Tom insisted on comingcoming to the to the party.party.Tom
40、insisted on Tom insisted on my comingmy coming to the to the party.party.我几乎无法想象我几乎无法想象peterpeter在五天内横渡大西洋在五天内横渡大西洋.I can hardly imagine Peter sailing Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.2021/9/2745在动词或词组need,want,require,be worth,deserve,etc.后的动名词表示被动意义:Your composition needs impro
41、ving.Your composition needs to be improved.The book is worth reading a second time.The book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.2021/9/2746 -ing分词分词(以以make为例为例)-ed 分词分词主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 完成式完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mademadeXXX2021/9/2747由
42、于分词具有由于分词具有形容词性和副词性形容词性和副词性,在句子中不在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的能充当具有名词特征的主语和宾语主语和宾语.成份类别主主语语宾语宾语定语定语表语表语补语补语状语状语现在分词过去分词2021/9/2748作定语作定语1.The topics being discussed everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008.to be discusseddiscussed进行进行完成完成将来将来2.The topics _(discuss)at tomorrows meeting is concerned
43、 about the Olympics 2008.3.The topics _(discuss)at yesterdays meeting was about the Olympics 2008.2021/9/2749The glass is broken.The food smells inviting.vWhat he said sounds_(convince).vHe was _(interest)in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interest)convincinginter
44、estedinteresting这道菜香味怡人。这道菜香味怡人。Please fill in the blank with the verb given：使信服2021/9/2750类似情况还有：surprising surprised,exciting excited,tiring tired,disappointing disappointed,encouraging encouraged，amazed amazing,bored boring,pleasing pleased,astonishing astonished.-ed-ed 分词分词Sb.+Link.v+-edSb.+Link
45、.v+-ed分词分词-ing-ing分词分词 Sth.+Link.v+-ingSth.+Link.v+-ing分词分词 人的感觉人的感觉事物本身的特点事物本身的特点2021/9/2751They caught him cheating in the mid-term examinationHe was caught cheating in the mid-term examination.You cant leave the workshop with the machine running.1.宾语补足语宾语补足语2.主语补足语主语补足语3.介词宾语补足语介词宾语补足语2021/9/2752
46、Fill in the blank:Fill in the blank:1.He was surprised to find find his room thoroughly _.(clean).(clean)2.Last night I saw him _(play)the violin with his eyes _(shut).“被动被动”“主动主动”cleanedplayingshut“被动被动”2021/9/2753分词作状语，分词作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况步、伴
47、随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的等。一般说来，这一结构的逻逻辑主语辑主语是是主句的主语主句的主语,而句子本身可与而句子本身可与状语从状语从句句等句型转换。等句型转换。4.作状语作状语2021/9/27541.When we heard the news,we jumped with joy.=Hearing Hearing the news,we jumped with joy.2.When it is heated,the metal expands.Heated,Heated,the metal expands.3.Because he didnt know how to do it,he
48、went to his father for help.=Not knowingNot knowing how to do it,he went to his father for help.4.As they were deeply moved deeply moved,the children,the children began to cry.began to cry.=Deeply Deeply movedmoved by the story,the children by the story,the children began to cry.began to cry.“主动主动”“
49、被动被动”表示表示时间时间表示表示原因原因=2021/9/27555._(look)out of the window,you can have a full view of the beach.=If you look out of the window,you can have a full view of the beach.6._(keep)in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.=If they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.表示表示
50、条件条件Looking Kept 2021/9/27567.The children rushed out,shouting and jumping.8.She walked out of the house,_by her little daughter.(follow)9.She walked out of the house,_ her little daughter.(follow)10.(consider)as a building material,wood is not very strong.=Although it is considered as a building ma