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1、专题06定语从句备机2023年高考英语考试易错题【导入】“秋什么，补什么”，源确透用关系词1 .如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that,非限制性 定语从句中用whoo2 .如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom,非 限制性定语从句中用whomo3 .如果先行词指物，且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that, 非限制性定语从句中用Whicho4 .如果先行词指时间，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，定语从句中用when；如果先行词 指地点，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，则定语从句中用where；如果定语从
2、句中缺少的是主 语或宾语，则用that/whicho5 .无论先行词指人还是指物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。6 .如果先行词指人，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先 行词指物，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。技巧1关系副词引导的定语从句 h h h h刿囱囹园1. Then the day came I finally realized I had to make a change.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：后来有一天，我终于意识到我必须做出改变。分析句子可知，句子为限制 性定语从句，先行词为theday,在从句中作时间状语
3、，应用关系副词when引导。故填：when。【答案】when微身错点击先行词关系副词在从句中 的作用与“介词+关系 代词”的关系表75时间的名词：time, day, year 等when作时间状语=at/in/on/during whichpersonal and, above all, enjoy!【答案】1. and2. motivated3. close4. to stop5. an6. treasures?. using8. comes9. tolO. which【解析】这是一篇说明文。在户外呼吸新鲜空气和锻炼身体来获得精神和身体上的好处，但有时这并不容 易。文章主要介绍了通过收集自
4、然里的东西的办法，来多待在户外。1 .考查连词。句意：花时间在户外从来没有这么重要过，因为只有在户外，你才能体验不同的场景，或 者通过新鲜空气和锻炼身体来获得精神和身体上的好处。根据前后文语境，“花时间在户外从来没有这么 重要过”与后文“因为只有在户外，你才能体验不同的场景，或者通过新鲜空气和锻炼身体来获得精神和身 体上的好处”构成并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。2 .考查形容词。句意：想要时刻保持积极性并不总是那么容易的，然而，收集自然资源就能帮上忙。根 据上文“Its not always easy to be”可知应填形容词motivated,作表语。故填motivatedo.考查
5、副词。句意:从近距离观察花园中的花朵或街道上的树木开始。修饰动词look应用副词close,表 示“近地”；closely表示“亲密地”不符合语境。故填close。3 .考查非谓语动词。句意：给自己时间停下来，呼吸，打开你的感觉天线，连接到更大的画面。结合句 意表示“允许做某事”可知短语为allow sb. to do sth.。故填to stopo.考查冠词。句意：多花点力气去看、听、闻、摸、尝。结合句意表示“多花点力气做某事“可知短语为 make an extra effort to do sth.。故填 ano4 .考查名词的数。句意：当你形成了新的习惯，为什么不给自己设定一个挑战，利用
6、一些相关的知识， 在不同的季节里收集和识别100件自然珍宝？ treasure当“珍宝”讲时为可数名词，由100修饰应用复数。故 填 treasures o.考查非谓语动词。句意：当你形成了新的习惯，为什么不给自己设定一个挑战，利用一些相关的知识, 在不同的季节里收集和识别100件自然珍宝？分析句子结构可知use在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑 主语you构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填using。5 .考查固定句型。句意：当提到要展示你的发现时，有很多方法可以探索，从容器展示、压花艺术到其 他艺术作品。结合句意表示“当提到”可知句型为when it comes to doing st
7、h.。故填comeso.考查介词。句意：当提到要展示你的发现时，有很多方法可以探索，从容器展示、压花艺术到其他艺 术作品。结合句意表示“从到.”短语为fromto.。故填to。6 .考查定语从句。句意：你也可以把活的动物，珍稀植物或其他你认为需要留在野外的物品拍照或画画, 比如海滩上的贝壳和鹅卵石。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词items,先行词在从句中作主语，指物, 故应用关系代词which引导。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。真题演练【2022年】live withinlive within1 （2022 新高考 I 卷）The GPNP is intended to
8、provide stronger protection for all the species the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.答案：that解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在GiantPandaRange的所有物种提供更有力的保护, 并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在 从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。2（
9、2022 年浙江 1 月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.答案：that/who解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少 数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academi
10、cs后为定语从句且在从句 中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。2021年】1. （2021 天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes we canlearn without repeating them.A. from which B. in whichC. with whom D. for whom【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避 免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，we c
11、an learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从 句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from从中学习“，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。2. （2021 天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists demonstrate theirskills and teach the visitors.A. where B. whichC. thatD. when【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那
12、里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并 教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ,从句中不缺 主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。4. （2021年浙江1月卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确 形式。In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index （体重指数）across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting
13、heavier 28. that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.【答案】28. and29. that/which【解析】28 .考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier 和 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas,都是 found 引
14、导的宾语从句，是 并列关系，故填and。29 .考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否 健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。【2020年】1. （2020江苏卷） Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free.A. whoseB. whichC. whenD. whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是 非限定性定语从句，先行词是man
15、y lessons,关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。3. （2020天津卷） Dr. Rowan,secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A. whoseB. of whomC. of whichD. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan,引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowans , 表
16、示“的”，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。3. （2020新课标III卷）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先 行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。【2019年】1 .【2019江苏卷】 We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. w
17、hichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中 先行词为an age （一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。2.12019天津卷】Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say
18、 individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage,关系词在定语从句中作地点 状语，用关系副词where,故选B。3.12019新课标 I 卷】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.whereL 答案 J One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground,when【解析】考查定语从句。先行词
19、one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。 故将where改为when。4.【2019新课标 II 卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,62 she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop,在非限制性定语从句中 作opened 一词的宾语，故用whicho5.12019新课标 III 卷】They were we
20、ll trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好、它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有 经验。先行词为masters （主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。6.12019新课标 III 卷】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】In the c
21、afe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical whatenvironment that / which js created for them.【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把 what 改为 that/whicho7.【2019浙江卷】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 58 gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句
22、。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth,指物，从句中缺少主语、因此，可 以用that或which引导。故填that/whicho8.12019U匕京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go.【答案】where【解析】句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示 地点，作状语。故用whereo9.【2019-北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those 9 are totally engag
23、ed（参与）in academic life.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。3 are totally engaged（参与）in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those,空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who 或 thato【2018年】1 .【2018U匕京】She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于
24、她们保持健康。helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代 词which引导。A选项正确。2. 2018天津 Kae,sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐 姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate,在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的
25、定语，故用关系代词 whose o 故选 C。3.12018江苏 Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先 行词为area,在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where,相当于in which。故选B。4.【2018新课标 I 卷】Two of the authors of the review also ma
26、de a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).【答案】that或which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。5.12018新课标 I 卷】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa
27、 said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.【答案J which改成in which或where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词， 其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或whereo6.【2018新课标 II 卷】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005一when the government started (start) a soil-testing p
28、rogram 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.答案】that或which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并 且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。7.12018新课标 II 卷】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own
29、countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】that或who【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主 语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/thato【2017年】1 .【2017匕京卷】The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for greatinventions.A. thatB. asC. whereD. when【答案】A【解析】句意：我们在日常
30、生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems,用that。2 .【2017江苏】In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieveworldwide starvation.A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. whom【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是 ， whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定
31、purposes,故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署， 其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。3 .【2017天津】My eldest son,work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. thatB. whoseC. hisD. who【答案】B【解析】本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My eldest son,根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在 从句中作定语，选项中只有whose修饰名词作定语。故选B。【2016年】1 .【2016d匕京I live next door to a
32、couple children often make a lot of noise.A. whoseB. whyC. whereD. which【答案】A【解析】题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple 是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom,故选A。2.12016江苏】Many young people, most were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chasetheir dreams.A. of w
33、hichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people,关系代词whom指代先行词， 在定语从句中作为介词。f的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是 受过良好教育。故C正确。3.12016浙江】 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of has been proved.A. whomB. whichC. whatD. that【答案】B【解
34、析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。 使用定语从句，先行词是theories,指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。4. 2016天津We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【答案】D【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词 是next week,定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。表力
35、、场所的名词：park, place, country, house 等where作地点状语=in/at/to/on which表示理由的名词：thereasonwhy作原因状语= for which(1)先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词point, position, situation, stage, state, case, scene, spot等后也常用 where引导定语从句。He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of ter
36、ror.他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。(2)the reason作先行词时，若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用that或which引导。The boss doesnt want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give.老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。即时见回We reached Quebec on the eighth day, most people speak French.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们在第八天到达魁北克，那里大多数人说法语。分析句子结构可知，空 处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Queb
37、ec,在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填：whereo【答案】whereThe plan is designed to created an atmosphere,the staff are motivated to work hard.【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：该计划旨在创造一种气氛，在这种氛围下，员工们被激励着努力 工作。分析句子可知，空处应填关系词引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere,表示“气氛, 氛围”，指抽象的地点。又因为从句缺少地点状语，所以空处应填关系副词where来充当从句的地点状语, 相当于in the atmosphere,表
38、示“在这种氛围下”。故填：whereo【答案】where技巧2 关系代词whose引导的定语从句 h h h h刿囱囹园1 . Well talk about a particular type of comfort food power tend to be linked with positive emotions.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们将讨论一种特殊类型的舒适食品，其功效往往与积极情绪有关。分析 句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是food,指物，在从句中作power的定语，应用关系代词 whose引导。故填：whoseo【答案】whose易错点击关系代词指代的对象及其作
39、用关系代词指代对象在从句中的作用who人作主语、宾语、表语whom人作宾语which事物作主语、宾语that人或事物作主语、宾语、表语whose人或事物作定语as人或事物,一般用于“such . as” “the same . as” as .as”结构中作主语、宾语、表语即时见S(2015 ZU) 11 )The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.A.whichB. whatC. whoseD. that【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为thebooks,和covers之间存在 所有关
40、系，故选择C,意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。【答案】CIn this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food power mainly lies in theassociations it calls to mind.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在这篇文章中，我们将讨论一种特殊类型的安慰食物，它的力量主要在于 它能唤起人们的记忆。根据句子结构分析，此处应是限制性定语从句,先行词a particular type of comfort food ,在定语从句中作定语，需用关系
41、代词whose引导。故填：whoseo【答案】whose基础夯实考点一关系代词引导的定语从句一、关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语、表语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人、物或事主语、宾语、表语The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.我们在 日常生活中遇 到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。My eldest son, whose work takes hi
42、m all over the world, is in New York at the moment.我大儿子的工作需要他 奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。易错提示as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式:such+名词+as（像一样的;像之类的）;the same+名词+as（和同样的）二、that和which的用法区别只用 that 的情况先行词是 all、few little much something anything nothing 等不定代词时先行词被 the only、the very、the same、all 等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级、被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时
43、先行词既有人又有物时只用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词前有介词时Readers attracts so many audiences, which means that it becomes more and more popular in China.读者杂志吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。三、as和which的区别as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如,像九常作实义动词 （如 see、know expect say 等）的宾语。whichwhich引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点；这件事”等，whi
44、ch引导的从句与 主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。As the old saying goes, Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如老话说的那样：“有志者，事竟成。”考点二关系副词引导的定语从句关系副用法例句词when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当The days are gonewhenphysical strength was all you needed to于“in/at/on/during+make a living.完全靠体力点生的时代已经一去不复返了。whichwhere 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当Students shou
45、ld involve themselves in community activities where 于“in/at/on/to+whichthey can gain valuable experience.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得宝贵的经 验。why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当Do you know the reasonwhyhe didnt attend the meeting yesterday? 于“for+which”你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？易错提示当先行词为situation case、stage point等，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语
46、时,常用关系副词where引导。 Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.他们的孩子处于能说个另U单 词但不能说完整句子的阶段。考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句一、“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关 系。此类结构常见的有“some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest+of+which/whom”等形式。Scientists have advanced many
47、theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved,科学 家们提出了很多关于为什么人类在哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论都尚未得到证实。Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.彳艮多年 轻人都去了偏远的地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。二在非限制性定语从句中,whose修饰物时可以转换为the+名词+of which； 修饰人时，可以换为“the+名词+ of whom。The newly-built cafe, whose walls (=the walls of which) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说真是一个安静的地方， 特别是在辛苦工作后。易错提示“介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom,且不能省略。September 30 is