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1、专题06定语从句备枇2023年高考英语考试易错题【导入】“教什么，补什么”，源确逡用关系祠1 .如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that,非限制性 定语从句中用whoo2 .如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom,非 限制性定语从句中用whom。3 .如果先行词指物，且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that, 非限制性定语从句中用whicho4 .如果先行词指时间，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，定语从句中用when；如果先行词 指地点，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，那么定语从句中用where；如果定语
2、从句中缺少的是主 语或宾语，那么用that/whicho5 .无论先行词指人还是指物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。6 .如果先行词指人，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先 行词指物，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。技巧1关系副词引导的定语从句 h h I 卜 h r*-*-*-h刿圆囹园1. Then the day came I finally realized I had to make a change.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：后来有一天，我终于意识到我必须做出改变。分析句子可知，句子为限制 性定语从句，先行词为the
3、 day,在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填：when。【答案】when微身错点击先行词关系副词在从句中 的作用与“介词+关系 代词”的关系表示时间的名词：time, day, year 等when作时间状语=at/in/on/during which表示场所的名词：park, place, country, house 等where作地点状语=in/at/to/on which表示理由的名词：the表示理由的名词：thewhy作原因状语= for whichreason(1)先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词point, position, situation, stage, st
4、ate, case, scene, spot等后也常用 where引导定语从句。He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror. 他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。(2)the reason作先行词时，假设引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用that或which引导。The boss doesnt want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give.
5、老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。即时见固We reached Quebec on the eighth day, most people speak French.1. The plan is designed to created an atmosphere,the staff are motivated to work hard.技巧2 关系代词whose引导的定语从句 h h h h耍I园囱回1 Well talk about a particular type of comfort food power tend to be linked with positive emotions.【
6、解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们将讨论一种特殊类型的舒适食品，其功效往往与积极情绪有关。分析 句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是food,指物，在从句中作power的定语，应用关系代词 whose引导。故填：whoseo【答案】whose易错点击关系代词指代的对象及其作用关系代词指代对象在从句中的作用who人作主语、宾语、表语whom人作宾语which事物作主语、宾语whose人或事物作定语as人或事物，一般用于such . as” the same . as” as .as”结构中作主语、宾语、表语that人或事物作主语、宾语、表语即时见固(2015 四|)The books on t
7、he desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.A.which B. whatC. whoseD. thatIn this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food power mainly lies in theassociations it calls to mind.基础夯实考点一关系代词引导的定语从句、关系代词的基本用法The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations f
8、or great inventions.我彳门在日常生“舌中遇 到的小问题可能是伟大创造的灵感来源。关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语、表语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人、物或事主语、宾语、表语My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.我大儿子的工作需要他 奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。易错提示as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于以下句式:such+名词+as（像一样的;像之类的）;the
9、same+名词+as（和同样的）二、that和which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是 all、few little much something anything nothing 等不定代词时先行词被 the only the very the same all 等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级、被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时只用which的情况引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词前有介词时Readers attracts so many audiences, which means that it becomes more and more popular in Ch
10、ina.读者杂志吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。三、as和which的区别asas引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如，像”。常作实义动词(如 see、know expect、say 等)的宾语。whichwhich引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点；这件事”等，which引导的从句与 主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。As the old saying goes, Where there is a will, there is a way.” 正如老话说的那样：“有志者，事竟成。”考点二关系副词引导的定语从句例句例句关系副用法 词w
11、hen 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当The days are gonewhenphysical strength was all you needed to 于“in/at/on/during+rnake a living.完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一*去不复返了。whichwhere 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当Students should involve themselves in community activities where 于“in/at/on/to+whichthey can gain valuable experience.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可
12、以获得珍贵的经 验。why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当Do you know the reasonwhyhe didnt attend the meeting yesterday? 于“for+which”你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？易错提示 领先行词为situation case stage point等，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时,常用关系副词where引导。 Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.他们的孩 子处于能说个另ij单 词但不能说完整
13、句子的阶段。考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句一、“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句，表示局部与整体的关 系。此类结构常见的有“some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest+of+which/whom”等形式。Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.科学 家们提出了很多关于为什么人类在哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论都尚未得到证实。Many young p
14、eople, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.彳艮多年 轻人都去了偏远的地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大局部都受过良好的教育。二在非限制性定语从句中,whose修饰物时可以转换为“the+名词+of which”； 修饰人时，可以换为“the+名词+ofwhom”。The newly-built cafe, whose walls (=the walls of which) are painted light green, is really a peaceful pl
15、ace for us, especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说真是一个安静的地方， 特别是在辛苦工作后。易错提示“介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用Which或whom,且不能省略。September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.在 9 月 30 日之前你必须缴付账单。模拟演练I、单项选择Opposite is St. Pauls Church,you can hear some lovely music.A. whomB. whoseC. asD. wh
16、ere.There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin,I like the Ancient Cultural Street best.A. whichB. whereC. among themD. among which.After a 57-day hiking, the explorers finally reached a place,they believed was the South Pole.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. as4.Students should involve themselves in
17、 community activities they can gain experience for growth.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whythink youve got to the point a change is needed, otherwise youll fail.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receiv
18、e.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where.There are hundreds of scenes in English novels characters walk through a landscape of fallen leaves,which mirrors their feelings.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when.He often goes to school by bike,helps him keep fit.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that.Here are four experiments
19、 we have to finish before June 6th,two should be done in the wild.A. of whichB. whoseC. in whichD. thatplace those photos taken with my friends I can see them every day so that it could remind me ofthose beautiful days.A. whatB. thatC. whenD. where.At the Chinese art festival, there are different st
20、ands artists demonstrate their skills and teach thevisitors.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when.He may have missed the train,he wont arrive in another hour.A. in which caseB. in that caseC. under which conditionD. on that occasionn、语法填空Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31- works alongside her in the family busi
21、ness -said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.1 .The Crescent Spring,beauty attracts tourists from home and abroad, has become a romantic paradise for visitors.2 .The sample,includes 1,700 grams of lunar rocks and soil, is larger than previous ones.1 .1t marked the successfu
22、l conclusion of Chinas current three-step lunar exploration program of orbiting and landing, and bringing back samples,began in 2004.5 .The rising number of wild birds in the reserve has brought a benefit for birdwatchers,are able to spot oriental storks (东方白鹤)and other wild birds even outside the r
23、eserve.6 .As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry, can cause colds or coughs.7 .Practising yoga or Tai Chi can help to keep our bodies supple,in turn can lower joint pain and help to protect us from injury.8 .The 2020 Summer Olympics
24、,were planned for this summer in Tokyo, have been formally put off until 2021 because of COVID-19.9.In Aug 2019, Liang won the gold medal at the 45th World Skills Competition in Electronics in Kazan, Russia, is the biggest vocational education and skills excellence event in the world, organized ever
25、y second year by the World Skills International with an aim to show the skills and promote career of youth.10 .The most famous of these is the Great Red Spot,is so big that Earth could fit inside it.11 .While flying through the wind, it produced sound like the music produced by gu - zheng, is a trad
26、itional Chinese musical instrument.12 .The valley including a museum claims to be the only place visitors can safely observe wild Asianelephants.in、短文填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It s never been so important to spend time outside, 1, thats because its the only place to experience different scen
27、es or for the mental and physical good provided by fresh air and exercise. Its not always easy to be2. (motivate), which, however, is where nature collecting can help.Start by looking3. (closely) at the flowers in your garden or trees on your street than ever before. How many species or unusual feat
28、ures can you spot? Pick up a fallen leaf or examine a pretty flower. Allow yourself time4. (stop), breathe, switch on your sensory antenna(触角)and connect with the bigger picture. Make5. extra effort to look, listen, smell, touch and taste. When you form new habits, why not set yourself the challenge
29、 of collecting and identifying 100 natural6. (treasure) over the seasons,7. (use) some relevant knowledge?When it8. (come) to displaying your finds, there are many methods to explore, from container displays, and pressed-flower art9. other works of art. You can also take photos or make drawings of l
30、ive animals, rare plants or other items, 10. you think need to stay in the wild, such as seashells and pebbles(鹅ppi石)on the beach. Make it personal and, above all, enjoy!真题演练【2022年】（2022 新高考 I 卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live withinthe Giant Panda Range
31、and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.2（2022 年浙江 1 月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.【2021年】（2021 天津卷）William Hastie
32、 once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes we can learnwithout repeating them.A. from which B. in whichC. with whom D. for whom（2021 天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skillsand teach the visitors.A. where B. whichC. thatD. when（2021年浙
33、江1月卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index （体重指数）across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 28. that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.【2020年】1. （2020江苏卷） Many lessons are now available
34、online, from students can choose for free.A. whoseB. whichC. whenD. whom2. （2020天津卷） Dr. Rowan,secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A. whoseB. of whomC. of whichD. which3. （2020新课标III卷）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.【2019年】1. 2019-江苏卷
35、 We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that2.【2019天津卷】Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what3.12019新课标 I 卷】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by th
36、e school playground.4.【2019新课标 II 卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,62 she opened with her late husband Les.5.12019新课标 III 卷】They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals.6.12019新课标 III 卷】 In the cafe, cust
37、omers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.7.【2019浙江卷】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 58 gives off light in the dark.8.120191 匕京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go.9.【2019北京卷】The students benefiting most
38、from college are those 9 are totally engaged（参与）inacademic life.【2018年】1 .【2018 4匕京】She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that2. 2018天津 Kae,sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. her312018江苏 S
39、elf-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when4 .【2018新课标 I 卷】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 201466 showeda mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early death
40、s from all causes (cause).5 .【2018新课标 I 卷】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.6 .【2018新课标 II 卷】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started (start) a soil-testing program
41、69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.7 .12018新课标 II 卷】Many westerners57 come to China cook much less than in their own countriesonce they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【2017年】1.【2017-J匕京卷】The little problems1.【2017-J匕
42、京卷】The little problemswe meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for greatinventions.A. thatB. asC. whereD. when2.【2017江苏】In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one ofpurposes is to relieveworldwide starvation.A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. whom3.12017天津】My eldest son,work takes him all over
43、the world, is in New York at the moment.A. thatB. whoseC.hisD. who【2016年】1.【20161匕京1.【20161匕京I live next door to a couplechildren often make a lot of noise.A. whoseB. whyC. whereD. which2.【2016江苏】Many young people, mostwere well-educated, headed for remote regions to chasetheir dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those3.12016 浙江】Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none ofhas been proved.A. whomB. whichC. whatD. thatthe weather may be better.8 . 2016-天津We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when学习评价: