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1、人与自然之地球与宇宙（测）满分：50得分阅读理解（每小题2分，共16）A （2021河北石家庄实验中学月考）How many things can you see in the night sky? A lot! On a clear night you might see the Moon, some planets, and thousands of sparkling stars.You can see even more with a telescope. You might see stars where you only saw dark space before. You mig
2、ht see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue. With bigger and bigger telescope you can see more and more objects in the sky. And you can see those objects in more and more detail.But scientists believe there are some things in t
3、he sky that we will never see. We wont see them with the biggest telescope in the world, on the clearest night of the year.Thats because they9re invisible. Theyre the mysterious dead stars called black holes.You might find it hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after y
4、ear we see it up in the sky, burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesnt seem to be getting old or weak. But stars do bum out and die after billions of years.As a stars gases bum, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to d
5、ie.As the star cools, the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center. The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball. If the star was very small, the star ends up as a cold, dark ball called a black dwarf. If the star was very big, it keeps squashing inward until its packed together tight
6、er than anything in the universe.Imagine if the Earth were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble. Thats how tightly this dead star, a black hole, is packed. What pulls the star in towards its center with such power? Its the same force that pulls you down when you jumpthe force called gravit
7、y. A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everythingeven light. The light from a black hole can never come back to your eyes. Thats why you see nothing but blackness.So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember: theres more in the sky than meets the eyes! Scattered i
8、n the silent darkness are black holesthe great mystery of space.1. According to the article, what causes a star to die?【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了加利福尼亚马里波萨的一个周六上午，刘易斯想去开车工作。发现一个年 轻人在撬他的车，报警等待救援时，刘易斯看到了美丽壮观的不明飞行物，然后这个飞行物消失的故事。1 .段落续写：由第一段首句内容“这时，刘易斯被不明飞行物弄得心烦意乱。”可知，第一段可描写不明飞行物的特征。 由第二段首句内容“当它在我们头顶上航行时，它的一些胳膊和
9、腿会上下移动，给人一种它还活着的感觉! 可知，第二段可描写不明飞行物飞离的场面。2 .续写线索：不明飞行物出现不明飞行物特征描述不明飞行物消失感到震撼.词汇激活行为类.进入：enter/go into,描述:describe/ sketch/picture.影响：have an effect on/influence/aflect情绪类流）目： with tears running down /with tears rolling down/with tears in eyes【点睛】高分句型 lThafs when the object entered the last cloud.（由 w
10、hen 引导的表语从句）高分句型 2 MIt made a couple of rolls, reflecting the sun in every direction-just beautiful!（非谓语动词的运用）A. As its gases run out, it cools down.C. It can only live for about a million years.2. Paragraph 6 and Paragraph 7 mainly tells usA. what a black hole isC. black holes have enormous gravity
11、3. What happens AFTER a star dies?A. It bums up all of its gases.C. It falls to Earth.B. It crashes into other stars.D. As it gets hotter and hotter, it explodes.B. why we cant see black holesD. the formation of black holesB. It becomes invisible.D. It becomes brighter and easier to see.4. Why cant
12、you see light when you look at a black hole?A. Most black holes are so far away.B. Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light inward.C. Because as the stars gases bum, it stops giving off heat and light.D. Because as a star cools, its outer layers pull in toward its cen
13、ter.【答案】1. A2. D3. B4. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了黑洞的神秘死星在最晴朗的一年里，我们用望远镜看不 到这些死去的星星，并说明了黑洞形成的过程。1 .细节理解题。根据第六段中的But when the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to die.（但是当气 体耗尽时，星星停止燃烧并开始死亡户可知，当气体耗尽时，星星就会冷却下来，死亡。故选A。2 .主旨大意题。根据第六段“As a stars gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when
14、the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to die.（当一颗星星的气体燃烧时，它们放出光和热。但当气体耗尽时，星星停止燃 烧并开始死亡）”以及第七段As the star cools, the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center. The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball. If the star was very small, the star ends up as a cold, dark ball c
15、alled a black dwarf. If the star was very big, it keeps squashing inward until its packed together tighter than anything in the universe.（当星星冷却时，星星的外层就会向中心靠拢。星星挤压成一个越来越小的球。如果这颗星星非 常小，它最终会变成一个寒冷、黑暗的球，被称为黑矮星。如果星星非常大，它会不断向内挤压，直到比 宇宙中任何东西都要紧密户可知，第6段和第7段主要告诉我们黑洞的形成。故选D。3 .推理判断题。根据第四段的Thats because theyre
16、 invisible. Theyre the mysterious dead stars called black holes.（那是因为它们是隐形的。它们是被称为黑洞的神秘死星厂可推断出星星死后，就变得看不见了。故选Bo.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everything-even light. The light from a black hole can never come back to your eyes. Thats why you see nothing bu
17、t blackness.（ 个黑洞密度非常高，以至于它的引力会吸进所有的东西，甚至是光。黑洞发出的光再也回不到你的眼睛了。 这就是为什么你只看到黑暗）“可知，因为黑洞的引力很强，它把光吸进去了，所以看黑洞时看不到光。故选 BoB （2021 黑龙江哈尔滨市第一中学校高三月考）“We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds. Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. Vm convinced that hu
18、mans need to leave Earth.These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking, spoken at a science festival in Norway in 2017, a year before his death.Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way fbr humanity to last far into the future is to colonize（移民于）other plan
19、ets. That way, if a terrible disease, nuclear war or some other disaster strikes Earth, civilization as we know it would still have a chance. Mars is one of the most attractive destinations. NASA, the United Arab Emirates, the private company SpaceX, and the organization Mars One all have plans to s
20、end humans there. Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we risk going extinct J SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at a conference in 2013.But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that its just too expensive or
21、dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place fbr them to live. Ifs not even clear if humans could survive on Mars. One of the biggest dangers there is deadly radiation that ruins the planet.Maybe all the time and money people wo
22、uld pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid（小彳亍星）strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than
23、surviving on a new planet.In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host micro-organism like. Human visitors may destroy this life or permanently change or damage the Martian environment. Some feel thats
24、 too much of a risk to take.5. Why did the author mention NASA, the United Arab Emirates, SpaceX and Mars One?A. To stress the risk of dying out on Earth.B. To provide evidence for Hawkings theory.C. To show growing intention of moving to Mars.D. To explain the advanced technology in astronomy.6. Wh
25、at can we learn from the passage?A. It is costly and risky to colonize Mars.B. Civilization is difficult to maintain on Earth.C. Poverty is the most urgent problem to handle.D. All the time and money should be spent on Earth.7. What does the underlined word “uninhabited mean in the last paragraph?A.
26、 not steady to keep.B. not fit to live on.C , not easy to approach.D. not safe to set foot on.8. . Whats the best title of passage?A. Leaving Earth to Other Planets B. Should We Colonize Mars?C. New Home on New PlanetA Mar Mission Is on The Way【答案】5. C6. A7. B8. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要针对人类应不应该移民到其他星球，例如火
27、星，持不同观点的专家 们给出了各自的理由。5 .推理判断题。根据第二段“Mars is one of the most attractive destinations. NASA, the United Arab Emirates, the private company SpaceX, and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there. Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we risk going extinct J SpaceX founder Elon
28、Musk said at a conference in 2013.（火星是 最有吸引力的目的地之一。美国国家航空航天局、阿拉伯联合酋长国、私人公司SpaceX和火星一号组织都 有将人类送往火星的计划。SpaceX创始人埃隆马斯克（Ekm Musk）在2013年的一次会议上表示:“要么我们 把地球扩展到其他星球，要么我们就有灭绝的风险J ） ”由此可知作者提到NASA, the United Arab Emirates, SpaceX和Mars One,都是在说明越来越多的国家都有移民火星的意愿，故选C。6 .推理判断题。根据第三段“But not everyone agrees that c
29、olonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that ifs just too expensive or dangerous.（但并不是所有人者R同意殖 民火星或其他星球是一个伟大的计划。最常见的反对理由是太贵或太危险。）”由此可知殖民火星费用高， 风险大，故选A。7 .词义猜测题。根据下文“but it could possibly host micro-organism like （但它可能有微生物。）”可推测上文 意思是火星上没有人居住
30、，和下文构成转折关系，故猜测uninhabited意为“不适合人类生活”，故选B。8 .主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章主要针对人类应不应该移民到其他星球，例如火星，持不同观点的专家们给出了各自的理由。所以B选项“我们是否应该移民火星”符合文章大意，适合做标题，故选B。完形填空（2020上海市七宝中学高三月考）（每小题1分，共15分）Space exploration has always been the province of 1： The human imagination readily soars wherehuman ingenuity （仓U造力）struggles to follo
31、w. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried fbr a good three centuries 2 the first manned rockets started to fly.In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by th
32、e 3 fs end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous 4 speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and 5 American society. A
33、nd yet in many ways the two dreams ended up 6 each other. The fight fbr racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic （讲求实用的）and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its 7.When the dust settled, the space drea
34、mers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no 8. The perpetualargument is that 9 are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal defi
35、cit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury_10 saving one-thousandthof a single years budget would solve our problems.But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modem Magellans, 11 out the
36、solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within 12 of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or t
37、wo and it could go mainstream.The space dreamers end up benefiting all of usnot just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-off 13 they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that
38、 humans can 14 what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is 15 greatness, the mor
39、e we will actually achieve it.1. A. dreamersB. explorersC , astronomersD. novelists2. A. afterB , beforeC. untilD. while3. A. yearB. quarterC , centuryD. decade4. A. inspiringB. publicC , dreamD. freedom5. A. attackedB. industrializedC , transformedD. accessed6. A. in conflict withB. in line withC ,
40、 in common withD. keeping pace with7. A. aimsB , influenceC, concernsD. terms8. A. ancestorB. successorC. forefatherD. advocate9. A. situationsB. securitiesC. fundsD. schedules10. A. just likeB. on condition thatC. as ifD. so that11. A. makingB. figuringC. sweepingD. mapping12. A. reachB. rangeC. co
41、ntrolD. knowledge13. A. productionsB. chipsC. technologiesD. substitutes14. A. go beyondB. go throughC , go afterD. go over15. A. In ignorance ofB. capable ofC , proud ofD. in favor of【答案】L A2. B3.D4. C5. C6. A7.A8. B9. CIO. CH.D12. A13. C14, A15.【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直是梦想家的领域，它激发了人类的想象力和创造力。而 人类的创造力
42、也紧追不舍，最终将人类送上了太空。1 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：太空探索一直是梦想家的领域:人类的想象力随时可以在人类的聪明才智努力 追随的地方翱翔。A. dreamers梦想家；B.explorers探险家;C.astronomers天文学家；D. novelists小说家。 该空格对应着后句中的the human imagination,因此推断应该是梦想家。故选A。2 .考查连词词义辨析。句意：直到他死后三百年第一个人造火箭才开始飞行。A. after在之后；B. before 在之前；C until直到才；D. while当时候。根据句意和常识可知，是在他死后才有的人 造飞船。故选B。
43、3 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：1961年，当肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人送上月球时，这句话也有一 种梦幻般的意味。A. year年；B. quarter 一刻钟；C.century世纪；D. decade十年。该空对应着后文中的by the end of the decade,因此选用 decadeo 故选 Do.考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：这些演讲中洋溢着乐观和雄心壮志，就像马丁路德金(Martin Luther King Jr.)发表的最著名的梦想演讲一样。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. public公众的；C. dream梦想；D. freedom 自由。全文集中讲述梦
44、想，所以是梦想演讲。故选C。4 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：到本世纪末，这两种愿景都取得了具体成果，改变了美国社会。A. attacked 攻击；B. industrialized使工业化；C.transfbrmed转变；D.accesse接近。空格是动词过去分词修饰名词，转 型后的社会。故选C。5 .考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，这两个梦想在很多方面都以相互冲突而告终。A. in conflict with和 冲突；B. in line with 符合，与 一致；C. in common with 与 一样；D. keeping pace with 跟上。句子 中yet形成转折，因此选择两种梦
45、想互相冲突。故选A。6 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：探索太空的欲望正好相反。在它的目的上，无论是比喻上还是字面上，它都 是超凡脱俗的。A. aims目标；B. influence影响；C. concerns关心；D. terms条款。根据上文The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic （讲求实用 的）and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite.可知,此处是指目标上。故选A。7 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：
46、技术上受到威胁的航天飞机计划刚刚结束，没有继任者。A. ancestor祖先；. successor 继承人；C. forefather 先辈；D. advocate 拥护者。与前句中的 has just come to an end,选择太空飞 船计划搁浅并且没有继承人。故选B。8 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：长期的争论是资金紧张，我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。A. situations状况； B.securities证券;C.funds资金，基金；D. schedules日程安排。与后句中的federal deficit联邦财政赤字对 应应该是财政吃紧。故选C。9 .考查连词词义辨析二句意：到
47、达太空是非必需品的奢侈品，好像我们需要节省一整年的千分之一的预 算才能达到我们的目的。A. just like正如;B. on condition that如果；C.as if好像;D. so that以便。根据句 意，尤其是空前的破折号可知，此处是一种比方。故选C。10 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们将扮演现代麦哲伦的角色，为探险者绘制出太阳系的蓝图，无论探险 者是人还是机器。A. making制作；B. figuring计算；C.sweeping打扫；D. mapping绘图。根据句意中提到 的Magellans可知，此处是指为探险者绘制蓝图。故选D。11 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:几年后
48、，富裕的平民百姓可以进行私人太空飞行。A. reach范围；B. range 范围；C.control控制；D. knowledge知识。within reach of够得到，结合句意。故选A。12 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：太空梦想家最终使我们所有人受益不仅仅是因为他们扩展人类知识的 方式，或者因为他们生产的副产品技术，而是因为这两种梦想相互促进。A. productions产品；B. chips炸薯 条；C.technologies技术;D. substitutes替代品。结合句意和语境及句中的or可知,此处是指技术。故选C。13 .考查动词短语义辨析。句意：马丁路德金（Martin Luther King）和约翰啃尼迪Oohn Kennedy；）都呼吁人 们能够超越曾经被认为是固有的局限性。A. go beyond超出；B.go through经历；C.go after追求；D. go over 复习 o 根据下文 Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit