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1、人与社会之科技与创新（练）时间：50 满分：50分钟得分1 .单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分)1.1 f you are interested,please send an application email at your earliest (convenient) to Ms Chen.2 .The owner of the shop insisted on payment cash on delivery without allowing any discount.3 .Since he(stick) in a lift half a year ago he hasnt dared
2、to get back into one.4 .Many kids are addicted to(surf) the Internet,so they have lost interest in study.5 .We should eat more fruit and vegetables,which can be (benefit) to their health.6 .Regardless of the weather or the(distant),Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood
3、arrive at their college classes on time.1.1 was extremely (inspire) by the elegant way the words sounded.8 .The number of the people,who have access their own cars,has risen sharply in the past decade.9 .This app keeps us (update) on all information which we are interested in.10 .My most (embarrass)
4、 moment was trying to introduce a lady whose name escaped me.【答案】 1 .convenience 2.in 3.was stuck 4.surfing 5.beneficial 6.distance 7.inspired 8.to 9.updated lO.embarrassingIL阅读填空(每小题2分，共10分)(2021 浙江杭州高三期中)Shyness is normal and it is not considered as a mental problem. All people have been shy at on
5、e time or another. Even the most confident people experienced being shy. 1.You probably are wondering why you are shy. It may be because of the environment you were used to or the way you were brought up. Certain events or incidents in the past may also lead to the reason why you are shy now. 2. Mos
6、t shy people have shy parents and relatives and it is not surprising to find out that they too have become shy persons.One of the negative sides of being shy is having the tendency to be passive. Most of the time shy people cant stand up for themselves and what they believe is right. 3. This apparen
7、tly influences their social life as well as work, family and other aspects of their life.While shyness has negative aspects, it has positive sides. Shy people are usually good observers and do not get themselves into too much trouble because they try to observe their environment or any situation bef
8、ore they act.4. They can also make great friends. Since they have difficulties in social scenes, making friends seems to be a must. Therefore, they value their friends wholeheartedly and have proven to be loyal and thoughtful friends.5. Some of them born with shy parents have successfully battled ag
9、ainst being shy. This contributes to their constant self-improvement, developing self-esteem and trying to be exposed to new environments.A. But in most cases, shyness proves to be genetic.B. They are sensitive and accustomed to getting suspicious.C. Because some people are born to be shy, they let
10、it go hang.D. So if youre feeling shy, dont worry because you are not alone.E. They are not hot-headed and think twice before making any decisions.F. Although shyness is something from birth, it can be improved over time.G. They avoid crowds by nature and stay away from groups and social interaction
11、s.【答案】1. D2. A3. G4. E5. F【解析】本文是说明文。文章分析了人们会害羞的原因、介绍了害羞的弊端和益处以及害羞是可以慢慢克 服的这一事实。1 .第一段是全文的开篇，前三句话“Shyness is normal and it is not considered as a mental problem. All people have been shy at one time or another. Even the most confident people experienced being shy.（害羞是正常的，它不 被认为是一种精神问题。所有的人都曾有过害羞的时候。
12、即使是最自信的人也会感到害羞）”讲到害羞是正 常现象，所有人，包括最自信的人，都曾害羞过，D项“So if youre feeling shy, dont worry because you are not alone.（所以，如果你感到害羞，不要担心，因为你不是一个人）”是本段的结论，正因为人人都会害羞，所以 不用担心，与上文构成因果关系。故选D项。2 . 上文“It may be because of the environment you were used to or the way you were brought up. Certain events or incidents in
13、 the past may also lead to the reason why you are shy now.（这可能是因为你所习惯的环境或者你被抚 养长大的方式。过去的某些事情或事件也可能是导致你现在害羞的原因）”讲感到害羞可能与成长环境和特 定事件等外部因素有关，而下文“Most shy people have shy parents and relatives and it is not surprising to find out that they too have become shy persons大多数害羞的人都有害羞的父母和亲戚，所以不难发现他们也成了害 羞的人）讲害羞
14、可能来自父母亲戚的遗传、基因，是内部因素，上下文之间有转折对比关系,A项-But in most cases, shyness proves to be genetic.（但在大多数情况下，害羞是遗传的）“起到承上启下的作用。故选A项。3 .根据下文“This apparently influences their social life as well as work, family and other aspects of their li 奥.（这显 然影响了他们的社会生活以及工作、家庭和生活的其他方面厂中指示代词this可知，上文中应出现其指代内 容，而且该内容会影响到人们的社会生活以
15、及工作、家庭和生活的其他方面，G项“They avoid crowds by nature and stay away from groups and social interactions.(他们天生避开人群，远离群体和社会交往)”中所描述 害羞的人会“避开人群，远离群体和社会交往”这一行为，会对人们的方方面面造成极大的影响，正是下文代 词this指代的对象，与下文构成逻辑上的顺承关系。故选G项。4 .根据段首中心句“While shyness has negative aspects, it has positive sides.(虽然害羞有消极的方面，但它也 有积极的方面广可知，本段主要
16、介绍“害羞”的积极意义，E项They are not hot-headed and think twice before making any decisions.(他们不会头脑发热，在做任何决定之前都会再三考虑)”讲害羞的人做事情会深思熟虑, 这是对中心句中“positive sides”的举例说明，同时，与其上文和下文构成并列关系，都是对中心句的举例说 明。故选E项。5 . 根据下文“Some of them born with shy parents have successfully battled against being shy. This contributes to thei
17、r constant self-improvement, developing self-esteem and trying to be exposed to new environments.(一些人出 生时父母就很害羞，但他们成功地战胜了害羞。这有助于他们不断自我完善，发展自尊，尝试接触新环境)” 可知,本段主要讲了 害羞是可以战胜的，F 项“Although shyness is something from birth, it can be improved over time.(虽然害羞是与生俱来的，但它可以随着时间的推移而改善广讲害羞可以改善，作为段首中心句，是对 全段内容的准确概
18、括，且句中“it can be improved 与下文their constant self-improvement, developing self-esteem”相照应。故选F项。III.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)(2021重庆市开州中学高三期中)阅读下面材料，在空白处填适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正 确形式。Three Chinese astronauts safely returned to Earth on September 17 after completing the first manned mission aboard the Shenzhou-12 s
19、pacecraft.The mission was led by Nie Haisheng, the oldest member of the team, in his third trip into space. Liu Boming, the second 1. (old) team member, joined Chinas 2008 space mission where he helped Zhai Zhigang become the first Chinese astronaut 2. (take) a spacewalk. For Tang Hongbo, the younge
20、st member, it was the first time that he 3. (travel) to space, despite training for 11 years. They spent three months undertaking a 4. (various) of scheduled tasks in the core module of the planned space station, which is still 5, construction .“I believe with the 6. (continue) development of Chinas
21、 strengths, there will be more astronauts setting new records and making new breakthroughs., Nei said in a post-landing interview.The Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center declared the mission 7, complete success. The mission was the third of 11 8. (launch) fbr Chinas space station construction, 9
22、, is expected to finish by the end of 2022. If successfully 10, (complete), the station is expected to operate for 10 years.【答案】1. oldest2. to take3. had travelled4. variety5. under6. continuous?. a8. Iaunches9. which 10. completed 【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国神州12号宇航飞船成功完成太空飞行任务后，安全返回地球的 事件。1 .考查形容词最高级。句意：刘博
23、明是团队中第二年长的成员。他参与了中国2008年太空飞行任务。那 一次任务中，他帮助翟志刚成为第一位太空行走的中国人。The+序数词+形容词最高级+ （名词）为固定表 达。故填oldest。2 .考查非谓语动词。句意：刘博明是团队中第二年长的成员。他参与了中国2008年太空飞行任务。那一 次任务中，他帮助翟志刚成为第一位太空行走的中国人。句中已有谓语动词helped,且该非谓语动词短语作 astronaut的后置定语。又由于前有序数词修饰该名词，惯常使用动词不定式作定语。故填t。take。3 .考查谓词时态。句意：对最年轻的唐洪波来说，这是他第一次进行太空飞行。It was the first
24、 time that. 为固定句型，意为：这是某人第一次做某事。如前面主句的系动词为一般过去时，则从句谓语习惯用过去 完成时。故填had travelledo.考查名词。句意：他们花了三个月在计划建成的空间站核心舱内完成各项既定的任务。该空间站仍然在 建造中。a variety of为固定搭配,意为：各种各样的。故填variety。4 .考查介词。句意：他们花了三个月在计划建成的空间站的核心舱内完成各项既定的任务。该空间站仍然 在建造中。be under construction为固定搭配，意为：正在施工；正在建造中。故填under。5 .考查形容词。句意：我相信，随着中国太空技术的不断发展强
25、大，届时将会有更多的宇航员创造新的纪 录，实行新突破。由空格后的名词可知，该处应使用形容词，作定语。故填continuous。6 .考查冠词。句意：北京航天飞行控制中心宣布此次太空飞行取得圆满成功。该处应使用不定冠词，泛指 一次成功的任务，complete首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。7 .考查名词。句意：中国太空站建造完成需要进行11次这样的航天器发射，预计将于2022年年底完成， 此次神州12号太空飞行是第三次。由空格前的数词11可知I,该空格处应填写名词的复数形式。故填launches。8 .考查定语从句关系词。句意：中国太空站建造工程的完成需要进行11次这样的航天器发射，预计将于 2
26、022年年底完成，此次神州12号太空飞行是第三次。空格后的句子修饰前面的名词（即先行词尸construction”, 且从句缺少主语。先行词为物，且该从句为非限定性定语从句。故填which。9 .考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果成功完成，该太空站将能运营10年之久。条件状语从句中，如主句 和从句的主语一致，则从句部分中主语可以省略；且由于该从句主语与动词提示词为被动逻辑关系，被动 语态中的助动词be也可以省略。故填completedoIV.应用文写作（15分）（2021.河南高三开学考试）你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请你以“My favorite invention”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括
27、：1 .发明简介；.喜爱的原因。注意：1.词数80左右；.短文题目和首句已为你写好。My favorite inventionWith the development of science and technology, many new inventions have come into our life.【答案】One possible version:My favorite inventionWith the development of science and technology, many new inventions have come into our life. They e
28、nable us to live an easier and more convenient life. Of all the inventions, I like the robot cleaner best.The robot cleaner can go into some narrow areas like under the sofa, the bed and other furmniture easily. Besides, its completely autonomous in cleaning. Once set properly, it can calculate the
29、cleaning size, design the cleaning route, and conduct the cleaning task all by itself. Whafs more, its equipped with rechargeable batteries and when running low in power, it can go back to the recharging station to be recharged.Hopefully, every family will own such a cleaner in the near future.【解析】本
30、篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生以“My favorite invention”为题，写一篇短文参加英语作文比赛。1 .词汇积累 besidesmoreoverautonomous 一 independentconductfinishwhats morein addition2 .句式拓展合并简单句原句： With the development of science and technology, many new inventions have come into our life. They enable us to live an easier and more convenient l
31、ife.拓展句： With the development of science and technology, many new inventions that enable us to live an easier and more convenient life have come into our life.【点睛】高分句型 1 Once set properly, it can calculate the cleaning size, design the cleaning route, and conduct the cleaning task all by itself.（运用了过去分词作状语）高分句型 2 Whats more, its equipped with rechargeable batteries and when running low in power, it can go back to the recharging station to be recharged.（运用 了 when 引导的时间状语从句）