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1、2022届辽宁省铁岭市高三上学期开学考试英语试题第二局部：阅读理解（共两节，总分值40分）第一节（共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最正确选 项。AOur tiny boat was ploughing through （费力穿过）Ihe waves across the Indian Ocean and I was absolutely frcczing.Thc further wc got from the shelter of the land, the more I thought how foolish Id been t
2、o come along on this trip.The pilot of the boat looked almost 60 but. perhaps because of a lifetime on the open sea in the hot sun. was very fit and strong.I was wondering how he managed to find his way.To me, it seemed difficult enough to navigate a boat without any electronic equipment even on a s
3、unny day.So at least wc were safe.But this was not what wc had come along for.A look at the other divers1 faces suggested that now they were also doubtful that wed ever get the chance to see a whale shark - these weather conditions were totally unsuitable for diving! None of us spoke.lt seemed too m
4、uch of an effort.Then suddenly the boatman stopped the engine.He said a few words in his own language to the diving instructor, who immediately jumped up from his seat and told us to get ready to dive.When I jumped into the grey sea, I was sure I wouldnt see anything.But then .there it was! An enorm
5、ous whale shark, slowly swimming through the water.I couldnt believe my eyes my first whale shark! I hardly dared breathe I was afraid my streams of bubbles （气 泡）might scare the huge creature away.And the other divers were equally awed.Slowly wc approached this huge animal.lt was swimming quite slow
6、ly and we were able to swim with i（, looking at the beautiful markings on its back.I was still holding my breath, telling myself that this huge fish was harmless! Then I reached out and touched it, stroking （轻抚）its thick skin.It was amazing how this giant suddenly gained speed we watched it as it sw
7、am away from us, and a few moments later it was gone.1. While riding a tiny boat across the Indian Ocean, （he author.他们正在佩戴自己的第一副眼镜）可知，这项研究的结果可能会抚慰先戴上眼镜的孩子们, 是因为这项研究是以科学的方式进行的。应选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中 “ChUdren think other youngsters who wear glasses look smarter and are more honest than those who don
8、t wear glasses, according to a U.S. study of 80 children.（美国 一项针对80名儿童的研究显示，孩子们认为其他戴眼镜的孩子看起来比不戴眼镜的孩子更 聪明、更老实）结合文章还介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现和影响。可知，A选 项“戴眼镜，看起来更聪明”最符合文章标题。应选A。第二节（共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。Do People Need Small Talk to Be Happy?Psychologists （心理学家）have long s
9、aid that connecting with others is an important part of happiness, but just how much conversation wc require is under examination. In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of iheir conversation related with happiness.16. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bondin
10、g. Late last year,Princeton researchers reported that small talk keeps closeness with loved ones, and isnt merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers.Still, chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago passengers different dire
11、ctions about whether to talk with fellow passengers-something they typically avoided. 17 None of the chatters reported being rejected.Small talk can also help us feel connected to our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas （效劳员）repo
12、rted a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction （交易）.18 Onereport found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not approached.19 .In one study, people who were
13、rated “less curious“ by researchers had troublegetting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with otherswhen they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure （透露）.But people who were considered “curious“ needed no help when transforming con
14、versations about ordinarythings into personal exchanges. 20.A. The same is true of gallery goers.B. They found that small talk is related with happinessBut dont play down small talk just yet.1） . Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger.E. A curious m
15、indset” , the author concluded, can lead to positive social interactions.F. Making small talk is an important skill for all the social situations.G. Those （old （o chat with others reported a more pleasant journey.【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了不要把聊天贬的一钱不值，科学家认为聊天能促进感 情。36题详解】根
16、据上文“In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related with happiness.（在一项研究中，研究人员发现闲聊只占他们与快乐有关的谈话的 10%。）和下文Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding.（科学家相信,闲聊 可以促进联系）。可知，关键词。nly和promole说明此空应该是一个表示转折的内容，C 项：But dont play down small talk just
17、 yet.（但是仍然不要降低闲聊）符合语境。应选C。【17题详解】根据空格下句“None of the chatters reported being rejected.（没有一个聊天的人表示自己碰了 钉子”可知，上句的意思是：被告知要与别人聊天的人表示旅途更愉快。G项：Those told （o chat with others reported a more pleasant journey.（那些被要求与他人聊天的人报告说旅途 更愉快。）符合语境。应选G。【18题详解】根据上文“Small talk can also help us feel connected to our surro
18、undings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction.闲聊还能帮助我们感到与周边环境有 关联。相对于买完东西就走的顾客，对星巴克的效劳生微笑，与之有目光接触以及简单聊上 几句的人表示自己更有归属感”和卜文One report found that when volunteers b
19、roke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not approached. （个报揭发现当志愿者打破美术馆的寂静与艺术爱好者聊天 时，参观者会比没被搭讪的人更快乐，更有与展览相关联的感觉。）”可知，根据上下句可 知此空的意思是：对美术爱好者来说这同样是真的。它起承上启下的作用，应选A。【19题详解】根据下文“In one study, people who were rated “less
20、curious“ by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on （heir own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure （在一项研究中，被研究人员 评定为“缺少好奇心”的人很难使交谈自然而然地进行下去，在拿到鼓励披露个人的信息问 题时更有望与他人建立亲近感。）可知，上句的意思应该是：我们当中的一些人比起
21、他人 更善于把闲聊变成更有意义的事情。应选D。【20题详解】根据上文“But people who were considered “curious needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges.但是被认为“有好奇心的人不需 要帮助就能把诸如最喜欢的节日之类的乏味话题转化为亲近交流。）可知，作者得出结论认 为“好奇的心态可以激发“积极的社会交往。应选E。第三局部：语言知识运用（共两节，总分值45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，总分值3。分）
22、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以 填入空白处的最正确选项。Recently, （he idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in21, has caught the attention of the media, researchers, and parents around the globe.In theearly 1990s, researchers from France and the US published articles t
23、hat said 22 Mozart fbr 10 minutes temporarily 23 performance on IQ tests and challenging tasks.24, the media quickly began reporting on the Mozart effect.In 1997, Don Campbell published a book about this 25phenomenon.Campbel I saidthat classical 26 could improve health and memory, prevent mental and
24、 physical disorders, and 27 stress and depression. He soon 28 with The Mozart Effect for Children, as well as CDs and products for parents of young children.Today, a wide selection of similar products is 29, including Baby Mozart and Baby Bach, （wo bestselling DVDs inthe popular Baby Einstein serics
25、.Thcrc arc even music players specially 30 for expectant （预产期的）moihers to wear on their stomachs. 31 babies can listen to classical music before theyre even 32.33, there is some doubt surrounding the “Mozart effectw .Parents 34whether it is a proven reality or just a fad （潮流）designed to make money.F
26、i ances H.Rauscher, a psychologist and author of one of the original studies, is 35 .Much of the original36 pointed to temporary improvements on specific tasks.Shc 37 these findings have been incorrectly described as a general increase in 38 dont think it can hurt,“ Rauscher said.Yet she added that
27、39 may still want to think twice 40 spending a fortune trying to make a genius （天才）out of iheir baby.21. A. scientistsB.musiciansC.adultsD.babies22. A. joining inlistening （oB.dreaming ofC.talking aboutD.23. A. improvedB.measuredC.providedD.enjoyed24. A. On the wholewordsB.As a resultC.On the conira
28、ryD.In other25. A. commonalarmingB.naturalC.interestingD.26. A. literatureeducationB.musicC.world1）.27. A. causeB.placeC.reduceI）.limit28. A. beganfollowedB.dealtC.agreedD.29. A. uselesschangeableB.pricelessC.availableD.30. A. testedcollectedB.designedC.searchedD.31. A. By the waywayB.In this wayC.O
29、n the wayD.All the32. A. bomB.lostC.（rainedD.invited33. A. BesidesB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.However34. A. checkB.questionC.determineD.evaluate35. A. realB.rightC.normalD.doubtful36. A. anxietyB.materialC.researchD.argument37. A. cheersB.expectsC.reinembersD.believes38. A. costsB.healthC.disordersD.intel
30、ligence39. A. teachersB.expertsC.parentsD. players40. A. afterB.unlessC.beforeD. as【答案】21. D22. D23. A 24. B25. C26. B 27. C28. D 29. C30. B 31. B 32. A33. D 34. B35. D36. C 37. D38. D 39. C40. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对听古典乐能增进智力特别是婴儿的智力进行了介绍。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起 了全球媒体、研究人员和父母的注
31、意。A.scientists科学家：B.musicians音乐家；C.adults成 年人；D. babies 婴儿。根据下文 “Yet she added that may still want to think twice spending a fortune trying to make a genius （天才）out of their baby.可知，听占典音乐可以提高智力的 想法，特别是婴儿。应选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：20世纪90年代初，来自法国和美国的研究人员发表了一些文章， 称10分钟莫扎特音乐能暂时提高智商测试和挑战性任务的表现。Ajoining in参加
32、： B.dreaming of 梦想;C.talking about 讨论;D.listening io 听。根据文章第一段 “Recently, ihe idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in babies, has caught the attention of the media, rcscarchcrs,z （最近，听古典君乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿， 已经引起了媒体研究人员的注意。）可知此处指聆听十分钟莫扎特的音乐可以暂时提高智力， 应选D。【23题详解】考查
33、动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.improved改良；B.measured测量；C.provided提供； D.enjoyed 享受。由上文的 alistening to classical music can increase intelligence*（听古典音 乐可以提高智力。）可知此处指聆听十分钟莫扎特的音乐可以暂时提高智力。应选A。【24题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：因此，媒体很快开始报道莫扎特效应。A.On the whole总的来说： B.As a result 因此;C.On thecontrary;相反；D.In other words（ 根据上句In the early
34、 1990s, researchers from France and the US published articles that said listening to Mozart for 10 minutes temporarily improved performance on IQ tests and challenging tasks.z/ （20 世纪 90 年代初,来 自法国和美国的研究人员发表了一些文章，称10分钟莫扎特音乐能暂时提高智商测试和挑 战性任务。）和后句the media quickly began reporting on the “Mozart effectw媒
35、体很快开始报道莫扎特效应，之间是因果关系，此处用Asaresull。应选B。【25题详解】考杳形容词词义辨析。句意：1997年，Don Campbell出版了一本关于这一有趣现象的书。A mon常见的;B.natural自然的;C.interesting有趣的；D.alarming令人害怕的。根据文章第一 段 “ Recently, the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in babies, has caught the attention of the media, r
36、cscarchcrs，?最近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特 别是婴儿，已经引起了媒体研究人员的注意。可知，此处的phenomenon指代上文“人们研 究听音乐提高智力并对此争相报道这一现象，再由Don Campbell在其书中指出听古典音 乐的各种好处可知，他认为此现象有趣的（interesting）o应选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：坎贝尔说，古典音乐可以改善健康和记忆力，预防精神和身体失 调,减轻压力和抑郁。A .literature文学；B. music音乐；C.world世界；D.education教育。根 据文章第一段 uRecently, the idea that
37、 listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in babies, has caught the attention of the media, researchers最近，听古典音乐可以 提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起了媒体研究人员的注意。Campbell说古典音乐可以 改善健康和记忆力，可知此处指的是听古典音乐，应选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.cause导致；B.place;放置;C.reduce减少；D.limit 限制。根据上句“prevent mental an
38、d physical disorders, and stress and depression.预防精神和身体失调，减轻压力和抑郁。设空处和prevent (预防)相对应，此处 指古典音乐的各种好处-改善健康与记忆，对抗身心失调，减轻压力与抑郁。应选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久后，他又推出了？儿童莫扎特效应？，以及为儿童父母制作的 CD 和产品。A.began 开始;B.deall 处理;C.agreed 同意；D.followed 跟踪，根据 “In 1997, Don Campbell published a book得知，1997 年出版书籍后，Don Campbell
39、 很快又接着推;I； The Mozart EJfeet for Children 一书以及针对幼儿父母发行的CD和相关产品，应选D。【29题详解】考杳形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，类似的产品有很多可供选择，包括?婴儿莫扎特?和?婴 儿巴赫？，这两张畅销的dvd是？婴儿爱因斯坦？系列中的两张。A.uscless无用的；B.pricclcss 无价的；C.available 可用的；D. changeable 多变的，根据后句“including Baby Mozart and Baby Bach, two bestselling DVDs in the popular Baby Einstein
40、 series.中的 bestselling”和popular可知，如今有大量可提高婴儿智力的同性质音乐产品可供选用，应选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至还有专门为孕妇设计的音乐播放器，可以戴在肚子上。A.tested 测试；B.designed 设计；C.searched 搜查；D.collected 收集。由“expectant mothers to wear on their stomachs可以戴在肚子上，可知，还有特别为怀孕的准妈妈设计的音乐播放，应选 Bo31题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：这样，婴儿在出生前就能听古典音乐了。A.Bytheway顺便说一 K； B.I
41、n this way以这种方式;C.Ontheway在路上;D.AH the way所有的方式;此处指通过把音乐播放器放在准妈妈的肚子上，这种方式，让婴儿在出生前就听音乐，应选B.【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.bom出生;B.lost失去；C.trained训练;D.invited邀 请，根据上句“甚至还有专门为孕妇设计 音乐播放器，可以戴在肚子上。此处指通过把音 乐播放器放在准妈妈的肚子上这种方式(In ihis way),让婴儿在出生(born)前就听音乐，应选Ao【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在美国，人们对莫扎特效应有些疑心。A.Besides除了；
42、B.Therefore 因此；C.Inslead 而不是；D.However 然而，根据上段 Campbell said that classical music could improve health and memory, prevent mental and physical disorders, and prevent stress and depression坎贝尔说，古典音乐可以改善健康和记忆力，防止精神和身体失调，防止压 力和抑郁上文是人们对“莫扎特效应的推崇，而下文那么指出一些人对此效应的疑心，故 此处用However,应选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母疑心它
43、是可靠的现实或者只是一种时尚用来赚钱。A.check 检查；B.question 质疑;C.determine 确定；Devaluate 评估。根据上句 “there is some doubt surrounding the 4Mozart effect人们对莫扎特效应有一些疑心。可知，一些父母质疑特效 应二应选B。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心理学家弗朗西斯小劳舍尔(Frances H.Rauschcr)对此表示疑心。 A.real 真正的;B.right 正确的;C.normal.正常的;D.doubtful 疑心。由上文的“somedoubt 和下文的wincorrectl
44、y described as.zz可知,最初研究莫扎特效应的心理学家Frances H. Rauscher对此表不了疑心。应选D。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多原始材料指出了对特定任务的临时改良。A.anxiety焦虑； B.material 材料;C.research 研究;D.argument 论点，由上文的此 “the original studies和下 文的“thesefindings可知，此处指对莫扎特效应最早的研究大多指向特定任务的短期成效, 应选C。【37题详解】考杳动词词义辨析。句意：他认为这些发现被错误地描述为智力 普遍增长。A.cheers欢呼； B,expe
45、cts 预计；C,remembers 记得；D.believes 相信，由心理学家 Frances H, Rauscher 给出听 古典乐的建议可知，她认为最早的研究被错误描述成能普遍提高智商。应选D。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.costs本钱；B.hcalth健康；C.disorders障碍； D.intelligence 智力。根据文章第一段 MRecently, the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence, especially in babies, has caught
46、 the attention of the media, researchers” 最 近，听古典音乐可以提高智力的想法，特别是婴儿，已经引起了媒体研究人员的注意。原词 重现，应选Do【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，她补充说，父母可能还是要三思而后行，花了财富试图让 一个天才的婴儿。A.teachers 教师；B.expeits 专家；C.parents 父母；D.players 球员。由 umake a genius out of their baby”让他们的孩子成为天才。可知，心理学家Frances H. Rauscher给 父母提出建议。应选C。【40题详解】考查介词词义辨
47、析。句意见上题解析。A.after在之后;B.unless除非：C.before在之前； D.as作为。由下文的make a genius oul of their baby(让他们的孩子成为天才)可知，心 理学家Frances H. Rauscher建议父母在砸钱创造天才孩子前耍三思，应选C。第二卷 第三局部：语言知识运用(共两节，总分值45分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfou
48、ndland. While they are rare north of 88 , there is evidence 41 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 42(poor) studied; however,biologists calculate that there arc about 20,000-25,0(X)