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1、高中英语高考英语名词知识点及典型例题带答案单项选择题（精选试题名师出品）It was a great for Alice to be invited to speak in front of many famous scientists.A. functionB. requestC. processD. honour答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：爱丽丝被邀请在许多著名的科学家面前演讲深感荣幸。A. function功能；B.request 请求；C. process 过程；D. honour 荣幸。 根据be invited to speak in front of many famo
2、us scientists”可矢口, 对爱丽丝而言，这是莫大的荣幸。应选D。2、Primary school teachers use a lot of aids in their class activities to make their teaching easier.A. medicalB. visualC. firstD. band答案：B解析：考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：小学教师在课堂活动中使用大量的视觉教具，使教学更容易。A. medical 医疗的；B. visual视觉的；C. first第一的；D.band乐队。根据Primary school teachers ”可知
3、，小学老师需要使 用视觉教具。应选B。3、 During the department stores annual autumn, all clothing will be half price.A. engagementB. promotionC. interaction答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在百货公司一年一度的秋季促销期间，所有的衣服都是半价。A. engagement约定;promotion促销活动；C. interaction互动。根据后文“all clothing will be half price.可知,因为所有的衣服半价 销售，所有此处指百货公司在促销。应选B。
4、4、 During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without, must carry their ID card and show their30、Nowadays, food safety has become the of the government as well as the society.A. advantages. focusC. companyD. anger答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，食品平安以及成为政府和社会关注的焦点。A. advantage优点；B.focus焦 点；C. compan
5、y公司，陪伴；D.anger愤怒。根据句意，政府和社会关注食品平安，应选B项。31、 Every Cannon digital camera we sell comes with a two-year.A. guarantees. safetyC. protectionD. promise答案：A解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我们出售的每台佳能数码相机都有两年的保修期。A. guarantee保修；B.safety平安；C. protection 保护；D. promise 承诺。根据Cannon digital camera we sell及two-year”可知，出售的相机产品会 有保修期。应
6、选A。32、 The sunrise is a beautiful in the morning.A. traditionB. gravityC. sceneD. dessert答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:早晨的日出是一幅美丽的景色。A. tradition传统;B. gravity重力;C.scene景色;D. dessert甜点。根据The sunrise”可知，日出是一幅美丽的景色。应选C。33、More and more travelers are looking for bed and breakfast in private rooms.A. accommodationB
7、. occupationC. equipmentD. furniture答案：A 解析:10 考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的旅行者于私家住房中寻求带有早餐的住宿。A. accommodation住宿；B.occupation工作；C.equipment设备；D.furniture家具。根据句意,此处指“住宿”,应该用名词 accommodation在介词for后作宾语。应选A项。34、This new variety of music is a around the world.A. phenomenon; spreadsB. phenomena; spreadingC. phenomen
8、on; spreadingD. phenomena; spread答案：c解析：考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：这种新的音乐形式正在世界各地传播。根据不定冠词a,此处用单数名词 phenomenon （现象）。分析句子结构，空格二用非谓语动词，与前面名词phenomenon构成主动关系，用现 在分词形式,spreading符合题意。应选C项。35、 The job must have good expression skills.A. cheaterB. philosopherC. warriorD. applicant答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这份工作的申请人必须有好的表达技巧。A.
9、 cheater骗子；B. philosopher哲学家； C warrior勇士; D. applicant申请人。只有applicant可以job形成词组“工作申请人，其他项均与语义不符， 应选D项。36 George bought a lottery ticket issued by a bank a few days ago . The opened yesterday and he won a prize of $500000.A. medalsB. awardsC. rewardsD. sum答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：George几天前买了一张由银行发行的彩票。昨天开奖
10、了，他赢得了 500000美元11的大奖。A.medals奖牌，奖章；B.awards奖金，奖品；C.rewards奖励，报酬；D.sum金额，款项。由句意及 其中的lottery ticket和prize可推知，此处要表达的是彩票开奖，强调的是奖品、奖金的含义，B选项符合 题意。应选B项。37、As an experienced cook, her main cooking is to use only fresh ingredients.A. innovationB. philosophyC. trendD. sample答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:作为一个经验丰富的厨师，她的主
11、要烹饪哲学是只使用新鲜的食材。A. innovation 创新；B. philosophy 哲学；C. trend 趋势；D. sample 样本。根据is to use only fresh ingredients”可知，空处应使 用名词philosophy,表达“哲学、理念之意，其他选项不符合题意。应选B项。38、 His business was very successful, but it was at the of his family life.A. expenseB. possessionC. wisdomD. fashion答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的生意非常成
12、功，但却以家庭生活为代价。A. expense花费；B. possession财富; C. wisdom智慧；D. fashion时尚。短语at the possession of,意为在牺牲（或损害） 的情况下,结合句意 及句中but可知，此处指他的生意的成功以牺牲家庭为代价，应选A。39、Weve made our plans, and now we must put them into.A. factB. practiceC. realityD. deed答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已订好计划，现在必须付诸实施。A. fact事实；B. practice实践；C.reali
13、ty现 实；D. deed 行动。根据上文Weve made our plans, and now we must put them into”指把计划付诸实施应用 put into practiceo 应选 B。1240、Dont scold him. He was just trying to do a good.A. thingB. actC. mannerD. deed答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：别骂他，他只是想做一件好事。A. thing事情；B.act行为；C.manner举止；D.deed行为;事迹。根据上文“He was just trying to do a goo
14、d 可知，此处表示“做一件好事”,应用固定搭配do a good deed,应选 D。41 I have often thought it would be a if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days atsome time during his early adult life.A. blanketB. contestC. blessingD. outcome答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我常想，如果每个人在他成年初期的某段时间里，都遭受失明和失聪的痛苦，那 将是一件幸事。A. blanket毯子
15、;B.contest比赛； C.blessing幸事；D.outcome结果。根据句意结合生活 常识，可知如果每个人在他成年初期的某段时间里，都遭受失明和失聪的痛苦，那将是一件幸事。应选C。42 Much to my, the city has developed rapidly over the years.A. amazeB. amazedC. amazementD. amazing答案：c解析：考查名词。句意：令我惊讶的是，这些年来这个城市开展的十分迅速。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语to one，s amazement,意为令某人吃惊的是，形容词性物主代词后接名词作宾语。应选C。小提示：
16、43、 Though there is a long between Tom and his family, they dont feel.A. distance; distanceB. distant; distantC. distance; distantD. distant; distance13答案：c解析：考查名词和动词。句意：虽然汤姆和他的家人之间距离很远，但他们并不感到疏远。long是形容词，修饰名 词，因此第一空是名词distance,前面有a,因此空格处用单数，feel是感官动词，其后跟形容词作表语，因 此第二空是distanto应选C。44 Patience is an i
17、mportant of a happy and rewarding life. After all, there is always something worthwaiting for in our life.A. lessonB. experienceC. purposeD. quality答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：耐心是快乐而有意义的生活的重要品质。毕竟，在我们的生活中总有一些值得等 待的东西。A. lesson 课程；B. experience 经历；C. purpose 目的；D. quality 品质。根据上文“Patience is an important指耐心是重
18、要品质,应用quality。应选D。45、 The of the pain can be easily achieved but the disease can be hardly cured.A. harmonyB. relaxationC. reliefD. ease答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：减轻疼痛很容易，但疾病很难治愈。A. harmony和谐；B.relaxation放松；C. relief 减轻；D. ease 舒适。根据后文“of the pain can be easily achieved but the disease can be hardly cured”可
19、知指减轻 疼痛应用relief,应选CoThe prince lived in a large and beautiful.A. hurricaneB. castleC. petrolD. calligraphy答案：B 解析:14考查名词词义辨析。句意：王子住在一座又大又漂亮的城堡里。A. hurricane飓风；B.castle城堡；C.petrol汽 油；D. calligraphy书法。根据常识判断可知，王子一般住在城堡里。应选B。47 We have all come into the world with a/an in life and we can all contribute
20、 to making the world abetter place.A. missionB. substanceC. authorityD. collision答案：A 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都带着人生的使命来到这个世界，我们都可以为让世界变得更美好做出贡献。A. mission使命；B. substance物质;C. authority权力;D. collision碰撞。根据句意可知，“为让世界变得更美好而做出贡献应该是我们每个人的使命，mission意为使命，名词词性，符合句意。应选A项。48、Though college education leads to more a
21、nd better employment opportunities, it is not the only for asuccessful future.A. optionB. gorgeC. principle答案：A 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管大学教育带来了更多更好的就业机会，但它并不是一个成功的未来的唯一选择。A. option选项,选择；B. gorge峡谷;C.principle原那么。根据句意可知，句中指大学教育并不是通向成功 的未来的唯一选择，由此可知，空格处应用option”,意为选项，选择，名词词性，符合句意。应选A项。49 Police have arreste
22、d ain a series of killing in the city.A. suspectB. conflictC. virus答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方在该市的一系列谋杀案中逮捕了嫌疑犯。A.suspect嫌疑犯；B.conflict矛盾;C.virus病毒。根据a series of killing in the city”,可知此处是指抓到了一个嫌疑犯。应选A。1550、 I owe you a（an）for having kept you waiting for such a long time.A. judgments. argumentC. apologyD.
23、 intention答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：让你等了这么长时间，我该向你抱歉。A. judgment判断，判决；B.argument争论; C apology抱歉;D. intention意图，目的。由语意可知,让你等了这么长时间，这里表达歉意,apology抱歉”, 符合题意。应选C项。51 The local government has begun a in this city to cut down the traffic accidents.A. protestB. protectC. projectD. propose答案：c解析：考查名词和动词辨析。句意：当地政府在
24、这个城市启动了一个方案以减少交通事故。A. protest抗议（动词或 名词）；B.protect保护（动词）；C.project方案（名词）；计划（动词）；D.propose提议（动词）。根据 冠词a可知，设空处需填入名词，结合主语government可知，名词project方案符合句意。应选C。52 The present of education needs improving.A. systemB. dawnC. cometD. vitamin答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前的教育制度需要改进。A. system制度；B.dawn黎明；C et彗星；D. vitamin维生素
25、。由of education可知,此处指教育制度，system符合句意。应选A项。53、A popular saying goes, “It is easier to change the of a river than a persons nature/A. sourceB. courseC. textureD. perception答案：A16解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：俗话说：改变河流的源头比改变一个人的本性更容易。 A. source起源，资源；B. course课程；C.texture纹理；D. perception知觉。结合句意可知和“一个人的本性”能够并列的是“河流的源头”,
26、填入source符合题意。应选A。54、The police offered a $200 for any information leading to the arrest of the murderer.A. awardB. priceC. rewardD. prize答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方悬赏200美元悬赏，以获取可以抓捕凶手的任何信息。A. award奖品、授予;price价格；C.reward悬赏金、报酬；D. prize奖品、重要人物。分析语境可知，空格处用reward表示悬赏 金、报酬符合语境。应选C项。55、 As can be seen, in the f
27、ierce competition, honesty is a vital of her success.A. evidences. criterionC. conceptD. element答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如我们所看到的，在激烈的竞争中，老实是她成功的关键因素。A. evidence证 据；B. criterion标准；C.concept概念;D.element元素。由句意可知,此处说的是“她成功的关键要素是诚 实。应选D项。17health QR code before entering the hospital.A. permissionB. effortC. e
28、xceptionD. access答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在疾病大流行期间，所有患者及其家属，无一例外，在进入医院前都必须携带身 份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可；B. effort努力；C.exception例外；D. access通道。根据句意和句 中“all patients and their families可知，句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外，“exception意为例外， 名词词性，“without exception意为无一例外。应选C项。5、 If the temperature is below O C, water will tu
29、rn into in the open air.A. iceB. steamC. fogD. rain答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果温度低于。摄氏度，水在户外就会结冰。A. ice冰；B. steam蒸气；C. fog雾; D. rain雨。根据常识可知，在户外，气温低于。度，水就会结冰。应选A。6、I hope my teacher will take into the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she mypaper.A. account; marksB. count; marksC. account; mar
30、kedD. count; marked答案：A解析：考查固定短语和时态。句意：当老师在批改我的试卷时，我希望她会把我考前生病了这个事实考虑在内。 account账户，解释，表达；count计算，总数。take sth into account考虑至I，顾及，是固定短语；根据my teacher w川take into”使用的一般将来时可知，when引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时，应选A项。7、 Plastic bags are not allowed in our town in a(n)to help the environment.A. attempts. stuffC. depthD.
31、 disaster答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：力图帮助环境，在我们镇上不允许使用塑料袋。A. attempt试图；B.stuff材料；C.depth深度；D. disaster灾难。根据前后文的意思可知用in an attempt表示力图、试图符合句意。应选A项。8、Seeing the happy of children playing in the park, Km full of joy and confidence in the future of our travelagency.A. sightB. viewC. sceneryD. scene答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨
32、析。句意：看到孩子们在公园里玩耍的快乐场景，我对我们旅行社的未来充满了喜悦和信心。A.sight 景象；B.view 看法；C.scenery 风景；D. scene 场景。根据句意分析，children playing in the park 表孩子们在公园里玩耍，是一个动态情况，用scene符合语意。应选D项。9、As expected, the boy who shows great in playing badminton has been admitted to the sport university forhis talent.A. requirementB. respectC.
33、 additionD. promise答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，这个在打羽毛球方面大有可为的男孩因其天赋被体育大学录取。A.requirement要求;B.respect尊重;C. addition增力口； D.promise希望,可能性。根据句意，此处表达“那个男孩在羽毛球方面展现了极大的成功的可能性。应选D项。10、 Many people make a sharp between humans and other animals.A. balanceB. examinationC. distinctionD. conclusion答案：C 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。
34、句意：许多人把人类和其他动物区分得很清楚。A. balance平衡；B.examination检查；C. distinction区分；D. conclusion结论。根据后文“between humans and other animals指区分人类和其它动物，应 用 distinctiono 应选 Co11、Linda wants to go abroad for further study after graduating from high school, but she needs to ask for her parents.A. movementB. professionC. de
35、stinationD. permission答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：琳达高中毕业后想要出国深造，但是她需要征求父母的许可。A.movement运动;B.profession职业；C.destination目的地；D.permission准许。结合句意可知，permission准许符合题意，应选择D项。12、A butterfly is a flying with a long thin body and four large, usually brightly coloured, wings.A. dolphinB. dinosaurC. posterD. insect答案：
36、D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：蝴蝶是一种会飞的昆虫，身体细长，有四只通常色彩鲜艳的大翅膀。A.dolphin海豚；B.dinosaur恐龙；C.poster海报；D.insect昆虫。根据butterfly可知，这是一种昆虫。应选D。13、Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them fromA. destinations. extinctionC. exhibitionD. institution答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的越来越多，越
37、来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。A.destination 目的地;B. extinction 灭绝;C. exhibition 展览；D. institution 机构。根据前文 protect them from 等 句意可知，此处指保护鲨鱼免于灭绝。应选B项。14、To the great of the citizens, no one else was infected with the coronavirus except the 136 confirmedcases.A. relaxationB. disappointmentC. reliefD. surprise答案：c解析：考
38、查名词词义辨析。句意：令市民大为宽慰的是，除了 136例确诊病例外，没有其他人感染了冠状病毒。A. relaxation 放松；B. disappointment 失望；C. relief 解脱、宽慰；D. surprise 惊讶。结合“no one else was infected with the coronavirus”可知，知晓无其他人感染冠状病毒，市民肯定大感宽慰。应选C项。15 The US said it was ready to join the between the six countries and Iran.A. translations. determination
39、C. definitionD. negotiation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国表示，它已准备好参加六国与伊朗之间的谈判。A. translation翻译；B.determination 决心；C. definition 定义；D. negotiation 谈判。 根据between the six countries and Iran.可矢口， 此 处表示参加六国与伊朗之间的谈判。应选D。16、The of this city are quite a few, like its theme park, the Huge Open-air Water-screen Film,
40、the SundayParade of Citizens, and so on.A. collectionsB. attractionsC. relationsD. occasions答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个城市的吸引人之处有很多，比方它的主题公园、大型露天水幕电影、周日市 民游行等等。A. collections收集；B.attractions吸引；C.relations关系;D.occasions场合。根据后文“of this city are quite a few, like its theme park, the Huge Open-air Water-screen
41、 Film, the Sunday Parade of Citizens, and so 0n可知此处指这个城市的吸引人之处，应用collections。应选B。17、The athletes are anxiously waiting for the final of the game, because it is essential for them to go intothe next round.A. outcomeB. outlineC. comebackD. cooperation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：运发动们正在焦急地等待着比赛的最终结果，因为这是进入下一轮所必需
42、的。 A.outcome结果；B. outline概述；C eback重返；D.cooperation合作。根据句意本句指比赛结果。应选A。18、The only way to improve is through hard work and strong.A. confirmationB. registrationC. perseveranceD. significance答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：进步的唯一途径是通过努力和坚强的毅力。A. confirmation确认，证实；B.registration登记，注册；C.perseverance毅力；D. significance
43、重要性。根据句意及常识可知，只有通过努力 和坚定的毅力才能取得进步。应选C。19 Life is full of, so we must think clearly about how to make them before deciding.A. choicesB. candlesC. colorsD. competitions答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活中充满了选择，所以我们必须在做出决定之前仔细地考虑清楚要如何做出选 择。A. choices 选择;B. candles 蜡烛；C. colors 颜色；D. competitions 竞争。根据后文的 we must thi
44、nk clearly about how to make them before deciding可推断，此处指生活中充满了“选择，所以才需要在做出决定之前仔 细地考虑清楚要如何选择。应选A项。20、 We have entered into age humans are concerned about animal welfare.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. while答案：B解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了关心动物福利的时代。先行词age,后接限定性定语从句，先行词在从 句中作时间状语，应用关系副词引导从句。应选B项。21、High-speed trains
45、are seen as one of the new Four Great of China.A. AgreementsB. EnvironmentsC. InstrumentsD. Achievements答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：高速列车被认为是中国新的四大创造之一。A. Agreements同意；B. Environments 环境；C. Instruments 仪器，工具；D. Achievements 成就。The Four Great Achievements 为固定用法，意为“四 大创造。应选D项。22 In our mind, Professor Wang is a
46、 learned and kind man, so we showed our for him.A. attentions. respectC. struggleD. request答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们心目中，王教授是一个博学的，和蔼的人，因此，我们对他很尊敬。A.attention 注意；B. respect 尊敬；C. struggle 斗争；D.request 请求。根据“Professor Wang is a learned and kind man”可知,在我们心目中,王教授是一个博学的，和蔼的人,因此，我们对他很尊敬。show our respect for
47、（向某人表敬意）可知，选B。23、Still, one thing is clear: speaking a language well needs both fluency and.A. accuracyB. magnificenceC. significanceD. stimulation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一点是明确的：即说好一门语言需要既要流利又要准确。A.accuracy准确;B.magnificence华丽；C.significance重要；D.stimulation刺激。根据fluency可知，说好英语应该流利准确。故 选Ao24、 The Chines
48、e volleyball team won the World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest.A. inspirationB. expectationsC. invitationsD. cooperation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国排球队赢得了世界杯的胜利，这大大超出我们的预料。A. inspiration灵感；B. expectations期望；预料；C.invitations邀请；D.cooperation合作。根据句意可知，中国排球队赢得世界杯的 胜利，所以这出乎我们的意料，beyond one! expectation表示超出某人的预料，应选B。25、Since you have no child after ten years marriage, you/d better a child from