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1、热点专题四图形的认识【考点聚焦】图形的认识主要包括点、线、面、角,平行线与相交线,三角形,四边形,圆,尺规作图,视图与投影七个部分基本几何图形的考题多以填空、选择、解答题、实践操作题、拓展探究题等形式出现这部分内容的考题大多为容易题或中难题,但有的与其他知识点综合在一起出现在较难题中1角:会计算角度;认识度、分、秒,会进行简单的换算;了解角平分线及其性质2平行线与相交线:线段垂直平分线及性质;相交线中“两线四角”及“三线八角”中形成的对顶角、同位角、内错角、同旁内角等角与角之间的关系;平行线的性质及判定;平行线间的距离及平行线、垂线的画法等3三角形:三角形的边角关系及三角形的分类;三角形的角平
2、分线、中线、高线、中位线等重要线段的性质;全等三角形的性质与判定;等腰三角形的性质与判定;等边三角形的性质;直角三角形中的勾股定理及其逆定理等4四边形:对平行四边形、矩形、菱形、正方形、等腰梯形的性质与判定,了解多边形的内角和与外角和公式、正多边形的概念,平面的密铺及其简单设计等5圆:有关概念,如:弧、弦、圆心角、圆周角等及其它们之间的关系;点与圆、直线与圆、圆与圆之间的位置关系,切线的性质及判定;与圆有关的计算,如求弧长、扇形的面积、圆锥的侧面积与全面积等6尺规作图:能完成以下基本作图:作一条线段等于已知线段,作一个角等于已知角,作角的平分线,作线段的垂直平分线,过一点作垂线;能利用基本作图
3、作三角形:已知三边作三角形;已知两边及其夹角作三角形;已知两角及其夹边作三角形;已知底边及底边上的高作等腰三角形;会探索如何过一点、两点和不在同一直线上的三点作圆了解尺规作图的步骤,对于尺规作图题,会写已知、求作和作法(不要求证明)7视图与投影:会画基本几何体(直棱柱、圆柱、圆锥、球)的三视图(主视图、左视图、俯视图),会判断简单物体的三视图,能根据三视图描述基本几何体或实物原型;了解直棱柱、圆锥的侧面展开图,能根据展开图判断和制作立体模型;了解基本几何体与其三视图、展开图(球除外)之间的关系【热点透视】热点 1:平行线的性质及角的计算的考查例 1(2008 株州)如图1,已知ABCD,直线M
4、N 分别交AB、CD 于 E、F,50MFD,EG平分 MEB,那么 MEG 的大小是 _度分析:本题根据两直线平行,同位角相等可得50MEB,再利用角平分线的定义迅速求得 MEG 的大小解:25点评:本题考查了平行线的性质和角平分线及其性质,这种类型的题注重双基,注重通性通法,在试题难度上属容易题,学生解题时能迅速上手热点 2:平行线的性质与三角形知识相联系的考查例 2(2008 永州)如图2 所示,ABCD,27E,52C,则EAB的度数为()()25()63()79()101分析:本题延长EA 交 CD 于点 F,则将求EAB的度数转化为求EFD的度数,利用三角形外角的性质可迅速求解解:
5、选(C)点评:本题亦可延长BA 或连结 CA 并延长,构造三角形求解,考查了平行线的性质及三角形内角及外角的性质,具有一定的综合性热点 3:三角形角之间关系的考查例 3(2008 永州)如图3,已知ABC中,40A,剪去A后成四边形,则12_分析:本题先利用三角形的内角和求出BC,再利用四边形的内角和可求得12解:220点评:本题考查三角形的内角与外角的关系,可以从多个角度思考,既可利用三角形的内角和定理,也可利用四边形的内角和定理来解决此问题从多个角度着手解题是数学试题文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6
6、R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4
7、R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ
8、2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6
9、L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档
10、编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4
11、L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7
12、C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8的共同特点热点 4:三角形与其他知识的联系的考查例 4(2008 长沙)已知点EF,在ABC的边AB所在的直线上,且AEBF,FHEGAC,FHEG,分别交边BC所在的直线于点HG,(1)如图 4,如果点EF,在边AB上,那么EGFHAC;(2)如图 5,如果点E在边AB上,点F在AB的延长
13、线上,那么线段EGFHAC,的长度关系是 _;(3)如图6,如果点E在AB的反向延长线上,点F在AB的延长线上,那么线段EGFHAC,的长度关系是_对(1)(2)(3)三种情况的结论,请任选一个给予证明分析:构造全等三角形是解决本题的关键解:(2)EGFHAC;(3)EGFHAC;证明(2):如图 7,过点E作EPBC交 AC 于P,EGAC,四边形EPCG为平行四边形EGPCHFEGAC,FA,FBHABCAEP又AEBF,BHFEPAHFAP,ACPCAPEGHF,即EGFHAC点评:本题考查同学们对三角形全等及平行四边形的有关性质与识别等知识的把握本题将合情推理与演绎推理有机的结合在一起
14、,通过同学们的观察、类比思考后,提出猜想,进而利用“截长补短”的方法加以论证;而且本题证明时只要求三选一,给同学们提供了广阔的思维空间,这也是近几年,尤其新课程改革后的一种时尚考法热点 5:多边形的内角和、外角和及平面密铺等基础知识的考查例 5(2008 长沙)正五边形的一个内角的度数是_文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10
15、 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I1
16、0G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E
17、8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:
18、CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T
19、9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3
20、HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E
21、3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8分析:正五边形的每个内角都相等是解决这个问题的关键解:108点评:本题考查同学们对n 边形的内角和为(2)180n及正多边形的概念这两个知识点的综合应用,立足基础,注重实效例 6(2008 岳阳)在美丽的岳阳南湖广场中心地带整修工程中,计划采用同一种正多边形地板砖铺砌地面,在下列形状的地板砖:正方形;正五边形;正六边形;正八边形中,能够铺满地面的地板砖的种数有()()1 种()2 种()3 种()4 种分析:本题应先求出各正多边形的每个内角的度数,再依据平面密铺的条件作出正
22、确的选择解:选(B)点评:本题考查了同学们对平面密铺的条件的把握,要求在每个接合点处正好围成360的角,谨记“不重不漏”热点 6:平行四边形、矩形、菱形、正方形、等腰梯形的性质与判定的考查例 7(2008 长沙)如图8,四边形ABCD中,ABCD,要使四边形ABCD为平行四边形,则应添加的条件是_(添加一个条件即可)分析:本题可从四边形的边、角两方面来寻找判定该四边形为平行四边形的方法解:答案不惟一,如ABCD或ADBC等点评:本题是一道开放性的问题,在答案不确定的情况下考查同学们对平行四边形的判定方法的掌握,这是近几年新课改后比较经典的考法例 8如图 9,菱形ABCD中,4AB,E为BC的中
23、点,AEBC,AFCD于点F,CGAE,CG交AF于点H,交AD于点G(1)求菱形ABCD的面积;(2)求CHA的度数解:(1)连结ACBD,相交于点O,AEBC,且AE平分BC,文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8
24、文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:C
25、V4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9
26、F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 H
27、J6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3
28、E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10
29、ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10
30、G6L1E8ABC和ADC都是正三角形4ABAC因为ABO是直角三角形,4BD菱形ABCD的面积是8(2)ADC是正三角形,AFCD,30DAF又CGAE,AEBC,四边形AECG是矩形90AGH120AHCDAFAGH点评:菱形(矩形)面积计算一般通过计算对角线求解本题综合了菱形性质,等边三角形的判定和菱形面积、角度计算热点 7:圆的有关概念、点与圆、直线与圆、圆与圆位置关系的考查例 9(2008 常德)如图10,在直角坐标系中,O的半径为1,则直线2yx与O的位置关系是()()相离()相交()相切()以上三种情形都有可能分析:本题关键是要求出点O 到直线的距离解:选(C)点评:本题主要考查
31、同学们对直线与圆的三种位置关系的判定依据的掌握程度,常利用圆心到直线的距离d 与圆的半径r 之间的大小关系来判定热点 8:圆的切线的性质与判定的运用的考查例 10(2008 娄底)已知ABC的内切圆O,如图 11,若54DEF,则BAC等于()()96()48()24()72分析:本题先利用同圆中同弧所对的圆周角等于它所对圆心角的一半求得108DOF,再利用切线的性质便可求BAC的度数解:选(D)点评:本题主要考查了圆的切线的性质及圆中同弧所对的圆周角与圆心角之间的关系热点 9:与圆有关的计算问题的考查文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码
32、:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5
33、T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3
34、 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7
35、E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R1
36、0 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I
37、10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1
38、E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8例 11(2008 衡阳)如图12,一块呈三角形的草坪上,一小孩将绳子一端栓住兔子,另一端套在木桩A处若120BAC,绳子长 3 米(不包括两个栓处用的绳子),则兔子在草坪上活动的最大面积是()()2 米()22 米()32 米()92 米分析:本题中兔子在草
39、坪上活动的最大面积即为半径为3 米,圆心角为120的扇形的面积解:选(C)点评:本题从同学们熟悉的生活情境入手,考查同学们对扇形面积的求法,注重理论联系实际,体现了数学来源于生活,又为生活实践服务的新课程理念热点 10:考查尺规作图中的五种基本作图及其在实际中的应用例 12(2008 永州)近年来,国家实施“村村通”工程和农村医疗卫生改革,某县计划在张村、李村之间建一座定点医疗站P,张、李两村座落在两相交公路内(如图 13 所示)医疗站必须满足下列条件:使其到两公路距离相等,到张、李两村的距离也相等,请你通过作图确定点的位置分析:要“使其到两公路距离相等”其实就是作角平分线,要“到张、李两村的
40、距离相等”其实就是作两点连线的垂直平分线,它们的交点就是所求作的点解:如图 14,(1)画出角平分线;(2)作出垂直平分线点P即为所求点评:此题是要求用作图法解决有关实际问题,掌握五种基本作图是解决此类题的关键热点 11:采用灵活多变的方式,考查基本几何体与其三视图、展开图之间的关系例 13(2008 岳阳)下面的三个图形是某几何体的三种视图,则该几何体是()文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I1
41、0G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E
42、8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:
43、CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T
44、9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3
45、HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E
46、3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10
47、 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8()正方体()圆柱体()圆锥体()球体分析:根据三种视图的特点,由图可判断该物体形状为圆锥体解:选(C)点评:本题是由三种视图推断立体图形,其关键是“读图”,同时对常见几何体的三种视图也要熟悉热点 12:直棱柱、圆锥的侧面展开图例 14(2008 怀化)如图15 所示的圆柱体中底面圆的半径是2,高为2,若一只小虫从A 点出发沿着圆柱体的侧面爬行到C 点,则小虫爬行的最短路程是 _(结果保留根号)分析:本
48、题是圆柱的侧面展开图知识的应用,圆柱的侧面展开图是一个矩形,并能将这矩形的长与宽跟圆柱的高(或母线)、底面圆半径找到相互转化的对应关系解:2 2点评:圆柱、圆锥的侧面展开图渗透了化曲面为平面,化立体图形为平面图形的“转化”的思想,要注意它们展开前后相关数据之间的对应关系热点 13:考查应用中心投影与平行投影解决有关实际问题例 15(2008 益阳)在一次数学活动课上,李老师带领同学们去测教学楼的高度在阳光下,测得身高1.65m 的黄丽同学BC的影长BA为 1.1m,与此同时,测得教学楼DE的影长DF为 12.1m(1)请你在图16 中画出此时教学楼DE在阳光下的投影DF;(2)请你根据已测得的
49、数据,求出教学楼DE的高度(精确到0.1m)分析:本题是平行投影的有关知识,根据题意,作出两个相似三角形是解答本题的关键解:(1)在图 17 中,连结AC,过E点作EFAC交AD于F,则DF为所求(2)由平行投影知,ABCFDE,则BCDEBADF,文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV
50、4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F7C3 HJ6R7E3E4R10 ZZ2I10G6L1E8文档编码:CV4L5T9F