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1、考点40 完形填空记叙文高考频度：【命题解读】记叙文一直受高考完形填空命题者的青睐，在高考完形填空题材中占有相当大的比重。这是因为其有人物、情节发展等线索可循，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。这种类型的试题，更能考查考生根据文章的整体内容选择符合文章情节的答案，可以充分体现考生对事物的应变能力。仔细研读近几年高考完形填空我们不难发现，记叙文是出现频率最高的一类文体，多以记人和叙事为主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件发展过程，用以表现作者的态度和观点。记叙文多以人的思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和
2、结束来展开叙述。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：1.首句完整，线索清楚。一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。2.叙述灵活，侧重语境。文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上的差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。3.实词为主，虚词为辅。高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在200280个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一
3、词类或同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的【解析】考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。【应试策略】在记叙文类完形填空的解题过程中，除了需要具备扎实的语言知识之外，还需要一套过硬的解题方法和技巧，很明显，如果掌握了正确的解题思路，就会起到事半功倍的效果，从而大幅度提高正确率。1.重视首句，开篇明义。从历年的试题可以看出，完形填空首句一般不设题。这为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个窗口，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息。所以应充分重视首句的指示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此拓展思维，争取开局胜利。2.利用语境，
4、揣摩心态。高考完形填空题逐渐摒弃语法分析，朝着深层化和语境化的方面挖掘，因此考生只有借助上下文乃至全文语境启示或限定，揣摩作者的心情，以及他对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，除了对关联用语的把握外，还要把握语气、动作等的描写。3. 瞻前顾后在完形填空的解题过程中，从空格前面的相关语句中寻找解题依据的方法通常被称为“瞻前法”；所谓“顾后”，是指在做完形填空时参考空后的有关信息来解题。4.理清线索，把握方向。记叙文一般按事件发展顺序叙述，有时用倒叙。答题时，通过理清人物间的关系，把握人物各自所做的事情，从而把握细节，找准作者的记叙方向，正确理解文章。【解题技巧】 1. 读透首句，掌握主旨重
5、视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的突破口。2. 跳空速读全文，掌握中心速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。3. 身临其境，故事重构采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展,体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能
6、对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。4. 关注末段，注意感想最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。5. 浏览全文，复查核定根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：（1）语意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。题组一（高考真题）Cloze1【2020·全国卷II】It was just after sunrise on a June m
7、orning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italys privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, am
8、ong many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had
9、 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought
10、 a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his fathers painting.“Thats the garden in our picture,”Nicolos son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57 the other paintin
11、g and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguins “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million.41AattachedBallocatedCexposedDsubmitted42AfinishedBdelayedCconsideredDtried43Aa
12、ttendedBreservedCcancelledDrun44AshownBfoundCkeptDhidden45AniceBfamiliarCusefulDreal46AbattledBdebatedCdiscussedDbargain47AheldBleftCregisteredDbrought48AchosenBreceivedCorderedDmoved49AmissedBfailedCtakenDled50AconcreteBunusualCunappealingDnatual51AappreciatedBtouchedCresearchedDwitnessed52Apainter
13、BdesignerCauthorDactor53AexpectedBsurprisedCanxiousDready54AroomBkitchenChallDgarden55AapparentlyBconfidentlyCeventuallyDtemporarily56AownedBborrowedCsoldDstole57AcollectedBcleanedCframedDstudied58AsuitablyBactuallyCrightlyDspecifically59AgirlBartistCfamilyDpolice60AcopiesBoriginalsCmodelsDpresentsC
14、lose 2【2020·山东卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21 . He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age.When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23 happening ar
15、ound his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 26 that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the 27 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the anima
16、ls could seek 28 during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 30 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 31 young plants in the dry season was 32 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 33 of each
17、 sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.Molai 35 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and anima
18、ls.21AdreamBjobChomeDchoice22AnatureByouthCcultureDknowledge23ApreciousBinterestingCdisturbingDawkward24AwasteBtensionCpainDdamage25ABesidesBHoweverCThereforeDOtherwise26AagreedBrealizedCrememberedDpredicted27AnoiseBheatCdiseaseDdust28AdirectionsBpartnersChelpDshelter29AlaborBpoliceCforestDfinance30
19、ArebuiltBdiscoveredCleftDmanaged31ADecoratingBObservingCWateringDGuarding32AtoughBillegalCfantasticDbeneficial33AbackBtopCfootDside34Acool downBkeep offCpurifyDcollect35AreturnedBlearnedCfailedDcontinuedClose 3【2020·浙江卷】Ive been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to
20、 get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger scat.One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 37 , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38 it while Don stayed in his scat.Lamb and mother 39
21、, I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 41 Don had somehow made the 42 move.My heart froze in my chest as I 43 the tractor heading towards the 44 .I ran desperately but failed to 45 . It crashed th
22、rough a wooden fence and disappeared. The 46 thing I saw was Dons face, looking calmly back at me.Heart in mouth, I 47 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 48 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the 49 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn
23、t see Don, but as I 50 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently 51 , and dashed back to me.The police 52 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't quite believe my 53 it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 .Don was given a special 55 that nightI
24、didnt want him thinking I was angry with him.36AdroppedBspottedCcarriedDreturned37AkidsBfriendsCownerDmother38Aask aboutBplay withCtend toDrun into39AfreedBswitchedCreunitedDexamined40AunexpectedBdangerousCembarrassingDdifficult41AFortunatelyBGenerallyCImmediatelyDObviously42AlambBvehicleCseatDfence
25、43AsawBstoppedCrememberedDdrove44AcrowdBmotorwayCfieldDhill45Atake offBcatch upChold backDget out46ArealBbestCbasicDlast47AfixedBnoticedCreachedDclosed48ArestingBrunningCparkingDturning49AsleepBlongCroughDbusy50AabandonedBapproachedCrecognizedDrepaired51AuncleanBuncertainCunhurtDunhappy52AarrivedBre
26、pliedCsurvivedDwaited53AabilityBdreamCluckDidea54AcommonBconfusingCdesirableDawful55AmealBtestCjobDlessonCloze4(2019·新课标卷II)Its about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers _41_about the small
27、dog he had seen _42_ alongside the road. He had _43_ to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had _44_.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that _45_ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove _46_. After a long and careful _47_. Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving
28、_48_ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with _49_. It just started licking(舔)Ehlers face.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one _50_ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a _51_ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers
29、 _52_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had _53_ their dog.Jeff had _54_ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched _55_ for Rosie in the next four days.Ehlers returned to Minnesotan, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to p
30、ut Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “Its good to know theres still someone out there who _56_ enough to go to that kind of _57_,”says Lisa of Ehlers rescue _58_.I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as _59_ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, Id hope that somebod
31、y would be _60_ to go that extra mile.”41. A. readB. forgotC. thoughtD. heard42. A. fightingB. tremblingC. eatingD. sleeping43. A. triedB. agreedC. promisedD. regretted44. A. calmed downB. stood upC. rolled overD. run off45. A. injuredB. stolenC. lostD. rescued46. A. homeB. pastC. backD. on47. A. pr
32、eparationB. explanationC. testD. search48. A. cautiouslyB. casuallyC. skillfullyD. angrily49. A. surpriseB. joyC. hesitationD. anxiety50. A. predictedB. advertisedC. believedD. recorded51. A. houseB. phoneC. streetD. car52. A. calledB. copiedC. countedD. remembered53. A. fedB. adoptedC. foundD. cure
33、d54. A. huntedB. skiedC. livedD. worked55. A. on purposeB. on timeC. in turnD. in vain56. A. caresB. seesC. suffersD. learns57. A. placeB. troubleC. wasteD. extreme58. A. serviceB. planC. effortD. team59. A. equalB. allergicC. gratefulD. close60. A. suitableB. proudC. wiseD. wilingCloze5(2019·北
34、京卷)Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been _11_ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started _12_ his car
35、to the young people. Wilson has _13_ am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous _14_ with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he's _15_ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they've also got out of
36、 their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students _16_ call him “Grandpa”.Tina Stern _17_ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college and the trips meant much more to her than just free _18_. "It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting there i
37、n _19_ silence or with your headphones on.” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually _20_ the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll _21_ those things."Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for College
38、. Although the _22_ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes _23_ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.Wilson is there to _24_ them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the
39、 nearest store and purchase what's needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never _25_ to buy them a meal.For many students, Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely _26_ for them to be able to complete their college education. Some
40、students don't have a reliable car, while others have to _27_ vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has _28_ them to complete their education but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the _29_. “I just love driving and I love these kids, "
41、Wilson said. "It's such a(n) _30_ to be a part of these kids lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories."11. A. linkingB. sendingC. offeringD. distributing12. A. donatingB. lendingC. deliveringD. volunteering13. A. pavedB. coveredC. measuredD. wand
42、ered14. A. argumentsB. interviewsC. negotiationsD. conversations15. A. metB. drivenC. addressedD. conversations16. A. evenB. everC. onceD. already17. A. earnedB. receivedC. assessedD. demanded18. A. transportationB. styleC. timeD. communication19. A. forcedB. awkwardC. ridiculousD. suspicious20. A.
43、selectsB. recitesC. guessesD. remembers21. A. act onB. settle onC. check onD. agree on22. A. clubB. leagueC. collegeD. programme23. A. farB. aroundC. beyondD. forwards24. A. assistB. watchC. urgeD. warn25. A. expectsB. attemptsC. managesD. hesitates26. A. extraB. unusualC. necessaryD. adequate27. A.
44、 shareB. fuelC. repairD. exchange28. A. requiredB. allowedC. remindedD. convinced29. A. experienceB. arrangementC. appreciationD. employment30. A. effortB. ambitionC. privilegeD. convenience题组二（名校模拟题）Cloze 1 （2020届湖北省武汉市高中毕业生五月质量检测）Last week, my grandfather was explaining his favorite words, “Nothin
45、g is ever easy. ” Yesterday, I happened to 21 a bee in the living room. I thought 22 the bee would take no more than five minutes. But an hour 23 , the bee remained there. All that had 24 was that the living room was in a mess and that I felt 25 and had to lie on the sofa to take a breath. I did not expect to 26 an hour on such a tiny 27 , but suddenly I understood what my grandfather meant. It is not only 28 that