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1、考点42 完形填空说明文高考频度：说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，综合运用所学语言基础知识，进行分析推理判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。检测考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍(传记)、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法(步骤)介绍，产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告、新闻报道等。说明文类完形填空通常有以下命题特点：1. 开头点题在说明文类完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握
2、说明细节的前提。2. 结构清晰说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系以及选择正确答案具有重要意义。3. 文体特点说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。4. 条理清楚说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序等来说明事物或事理。解答这类题目要遵循下列原则：1. 明白说明对象文章的首句一般就明确了说明对象。对文章要进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。2. 弄清楚说明的顺序，利用好标志语把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其
3、内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为语篇标志语。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示因果关系的thus, therefore, so等；表示改变话题的by the way等；表示递进关系的besides, whats more等；表示时间关系的before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等；表示转折关系的but, while, on the other hand等。做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节把握语篇特征对理解文意
4、与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。4. 注重上下文语境应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深入的理解，克服思维定势，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。The Beginning of DramaThere are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancien
5、t Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the 1that drama evolved from ritual(宗教仪式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings 2the natural forces of the worldeven the seasonal changesas unpredictable, and they sought through various means to
6、 3these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to 4the desired results were then kept and repeated until they changed into 5rituals. 6stories arose which explained or masked the mysteries of the rituals. As times passed, some rituals were 7, but the stories, lat
7、er called myths, continued to exist and provided material for art and drama. Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rituals contained the 8of theatre because music, dance, masks, and 9were almost always used. 10, a suitable site had to be provided f
8、or performances and 11the entire community did not participate , a(n) 12division was usually made between the area of acting and theatre in which an audience sits . Besides, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was 13to avoiding mistakes in the practice of rituals
9、, religious leaders usually 14that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated (模仿) other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed (用哑剧表演出) the 15effectsuccess in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun 16an actor might. Eventually such dramatic rep
10、resentatives were separated from 17activities. Another theory traces the theaters origin from the human interest in 18. According to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread. 19through the use of action and dialogue by a narrator and then thr
11、ough the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily gymnastic or that are 20of animal movements and sounds. 1.A. backgroundB. assumptionC. evidenceD. theory2.A. viewedB. employedC. imaginedD. dismissed3.A. ta
12、keB. possessC. guaranteeD. control4.A. startB. showC. bringD. continue5.A. usualB. directC. convincingD. fixed6.A. ApparentlyB. ActuallyC. EventuallyD. Naturally7.A. spreadB. abandonedC. followedD. celebrated8.A. seedB. contentC. mythD. history9.A. costumesB. routinesC. instructionsD. performances10
13、.A. As a resultB. In factC. On the contraryD. In addition11.A. whenB. althoughC. unlessD. while12.A. deepB. equalC. clearD. extra13.A. attachedB. relatedC. committedD. tied14.A. put upB. took upC. took onD. put on15.A. unexpectedB. unpredictedC. preparedD. desired16.A. wheneverB. asC. whateverD. so1
14、7.A. socialB. politicalC. economicD. religious18.A. accountsB. story-tellingC. descriptionsD. drama-writing19.A. at that timeB. at a timeC. at firstD. at once20.A. imitationsB. creaturesC. presentationsD. exhibitions【文章大意】文章介绍了关于古希腊戏剧的起源。1.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。background背景；assumption假定，假设；evidence证据；theor
15、y理论。句意：关于古希腊戏剧的开始有许多理论。其中一个最普遍为人接受的假设认为戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而来。故选B。2.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。view考虑，认为；employ雇佣；imagine想象；dismiss解散，解雇。句意：人类认为世界的自然力量，甚至季节性变化，是不可预测的，他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。故选A。3.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。take拿，占；possess拥有；guarantee保证；control控制。参看上一题解析。故选D。4.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。start开始；show展示；bring带来；continue继续。句意：这
16、些措施似乎带来了预期的效果，然后得到不断重复，直到它们变成了固定的仪式。故选C。5.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。usual通常，经常；direct径直的；convincing令人信服的，有说服力的；fixed固定的。参看上一题解析。故选D。6.C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。apparently明显的；actually事实上；eventually最后地；naturally自然地。句意：最后解释或掩盖神秘的仪式的故事出现了。故选C。7.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。spread传播；abandon放弃；follow跟着；celebrate庆祝。句意：随着时间的流逝，一些仪式被抛弃，但这些故事，
17、后来被称为神话，继续存在，并给艺术和戏剧提供了材料。故选B。8.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。seed种子；content内容；myth神话，虚构的人；history历史。句意：那些认为戏剧从仪式演化而来的人还认为，这些仪式包含了戏剧的萌芽，因为使用了音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装。故选A。9.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。costume服装；routine程序，日常工作；instruction指令，命令；performance表现，表演。参看上一题解析。故选A。10.D 【解析】考查短语词义辨析。as a result因此；in fact事实上；on the contrary相反；in additi
18、on另外。根据下文besides提示可知，此处表示递进。故选D。11.A 【解析】考查连词。句意：此外，必须为演出提供一个合适的场地。如果不是所有人共同参与，在表演的舞台与观众就坐的地区之间有一个明显的分界线。when如果引导条件状语从句，例如How can I get a job when I cant even read or write？如果我连读和写都不会，我怎么找到工作？符合语境。故选A。12.C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。deep深的；equal平等；clear清楚的；extra额外的。参看上一题解析。故选C。13.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。be attached to附属于
19、；be related to与有联系；be committed to献身于，致力于；be tied to束缚于，捆绑于。句意：此外，还有演员，而且因为避免在仪式出错相当重要，宗教领袖通常承担那项任务。故选A。14.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。put up张贴，举起；take up占据，从事；take on呈现，承担；put on穿上。参看上一题解析。故选C。15.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unexpected意外的；unpredicted未预测到的；prepared准备好的；desired渴望的，想得到的。句意：戴着面具，穿着各种服装，他们经常模仿其他人、物、或超自然的生灵，还用动作表
20、演来表现出想要得到的效果打猎或战斗的胜利，即将到来的雨，太阳的升起就像演员做得一样。故选D。16.B 【解析】考查连词。whenever无论什么时候；as像一样；whatever无论什么；so因此。参看上一题解析。故选B。17.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。social社会的，社会上的，交际的，社交的；political政治的；economic经济的；religious宗教的。根据上文提示可知，后来，这种戏剧性的表演与宗教活动分离了。故选D。18.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。account账，账目，存款，记录；story-telling讲故事；description描述；drama-wri
21、ting写戏剧。根据下一句话中tales about the hunt, war or other things are told提示可知，另一种理论认为，戏剧的起源来自人类对讲故事的兴趣。故选B。19.C【解析】考查短语辨析。at that time在那时；at a time一次；at first首先，开始时，起初；at once立刻。根据本句中then提示可知，首先，讲述者通过动作和语言，然后 故选C。20.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。imitation模仿；creature生物；presentation呈现，表现，展示；exhibition展览。句意：另一个与之紧密相关的理论认为戏剧追
22、溯到那些主要是体操或是模仿动物动作和声音的舞蹈上。故选A。题组一（高考真题）Cloze 1 （2019·上海6月高考）We're told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens 41 written communication today. Learning cursive(草书), joined-up handwriting was once 42 in schools. But now, not so much. Countries such as Finland have dropped joine
23、d-up handwriting lessons in schools 43 typing courses. And in the U. S., the requirement to learn cursive has been left out of core standards since 2013. A few U. S. states still place value on formative cursive education, such as Arizona, but they're not the 44 .Some experts point out that writ
24、ing lessons can have indirect 45 . Anne Trubek, author of The History and Uncertain Future of Handwriting, argues that such lessons can reinforce a skill called automaticity. That's when you've perfected a task, and can do it almost without thinking, 46 you extra mental bandwidth to think ab
25、out or do other things while you're doing the task. In this sense, Trubek likens handwriting to 47 .“Once you have driven for a while, you don't 48 think. Step on gas nowor Turn the steering wheel a bit,” she explains. You just do it. That's what we want children to 49 when learning to w
26、rite. You and I don't think now make a loop going up for the 1-or 'now look for the letter 'r on the keyboard'. " Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting, and she doesn't believe it will die out for a very long time, if ever. But she believes students are lea
27、rning automaticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting: students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at 50 ages, and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure. In a piece penned (if you'll pardon the e
28、xpression) for the New York Times last year, Trubek argued that due to the improved automaticity of keyboards, today's children may well become better communicators in text as 51 takes up less of their education. This is a 52 that has attracted both criticism and support.She explains that two of
29、 the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding thedecline of handwriting is that not 53 it will result in a "loss of history" and a loss of personal touch" On the former she 54 that 95% of handwritten manuscripts can't be read by the average person anyway-" th
30、ars why we have paleographer," she explains, paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing-while the latter refers to the warm 55 we give to handwritten personal notes, such as thank. you card. Some educators seem to agree, at least to an extent.41. A. abandons B. dominates C. enters
31、 D. absorbs42. A. compulsory B. opposite C. crucial D. relevant43. A. in want of B. in case of C. in favour of D. in addition to44. A. quantity B. minimum C. quality D. majority45. A. responsibility B. benefits C. resources D. structure46. A. granting B. getting C. bringing D. coming47. A. sleeping
32、B. driving C. reviewing D. operating48. A. eventually B. constantly C. equivalently D. consciously49. A. adopt B. reach C. acquire D. activate50. A. slower B. later C. faster D. earlier51. A. handwriting B. adding C. forming D. understanding52. A. trust B. look C. view D. smile53. A. containing B. s
33、preading C. choosing D. protecting54. A. commits B. counters C. completes D. composes55. A. associations B. resources C. procedures D. interactionsClose 2（2019·上海1月高考真题） More people are travelling than ever before, and lower harriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for 1 peri
34、ods.The rise of “city breaks” -48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their 2 spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infr
35、astructure as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font. “For 3 , the city no longer belongs to them.”This starts with marketing, says Font, who notes that Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek 4 outside of the city centre on its officia
36、l website. “That takes some balls, really to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents theyre doing all they can to ease congestion.”But it also 5 a better way, it is called “detourism”: sustainable travel tips an 6 itineraries for explor
37、ing an authentic Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.A greater variety of 7 for prospective visitors - ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center - can have the effect of diverting them from already saturated lan
38、dmarks, or 8 short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays 9 the pressure, says Font. If you go to Paris for two days, youre going to go to the Eiffel Tower. “If you go for two weeks, youre not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.”Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the 10 ,
39、“We should be asking how we get tourists to 11 , not how to get them to come for the first time. If theyre coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.”Local governments can foster this sustainable activity by giving preference to responsible operator and even
40、high-paying consumers. Font says cities could stand to be more selective about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far theyve come. “Youre thinking, yeah but at what cost.”He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Touri
41、st Board that prioritizes Japanese tourists for spending an average of 40 more per day than French tourist as a(n) 12 that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. 13 tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local produce, and 14 to less c
42、rowded parts of the city - all productive steps towards more 15 tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.1AlongerBshorterCwiderDclearer2AenvironmentalBnationalCeconomicDgeographic3AlocalsBtouristsCvisitorsDcleaners4AtransportsBaccommodationCrestaurantsDservice5AaddressesBpavesCproposesDre
43、ceives6AseparateBindividualCalternativeDobjective7AreformBguidanceCinvitationDsupport8AconvincingBdiscouragingCpreventingDresisting9ApaceBescapeCwithstandDease10AcultureBknowledgeCentertainmentDability11Atake overBbring upCcome backDlay off12AdistinctionBharmonyCassociationDcomparison13AFrenchBItali
44、anCSpanishDGerman14Acarry outBgive intoCspread outDimpact on15AslightBcomplexCtemporaryDsustainableCloze 3 (2019·全国卷III) The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- _41_ six months out of the year.Of
45、 course, we _42_ it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the towns tourism office. “We see the sky is _43_, but down in the valley its darker its like on a _44_ day.”But that _45_ when a system of high-tech _46_ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into
46、 the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan _47_ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to _48_. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that _49_ them to turn along with the sun throughout the _50_ and to close during windy we
47、ather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the towns central _51_, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light _52_, Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been _53_ there and standing there and taking _54_ of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally _55_. I think almost all t