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1、考点41 完形填空夹叙夹议文高考频度： 【考纲解读】（1）考纲要求 夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义。作者首先叙述一件事，在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。（2）命题规律一、先叙述
2、作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。二、作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。三、提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。此类完形填空三种结构特点如下表：1事例观点先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。2观点事例先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。3观点事例观点提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明
3、，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。 【解题策略】 一、关注首句，领会大意通过首句可以明确文章话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。尾句往往是作者的点睛之笔，通过尾句一般可以更加真实、确切地体会到作者的写作意图、对待事件的真实态度等核心内容。例：From my second grade on，there was one event I feared every year：the piano recital(独奏会)和尾句的With his first recital，my father taught me more about courage and determination than all
4、the words he used those 30plus years ago.表明了文章的主旨：作者本来很反感弹钢琴，但是父亲的行为感动了自己。作者认为他的实际行动比30多年以前说的话更有感染力。二、注重语境，理清行文逻辑夹叙夹议文以叙述为主，绝大部分篇幅是在描述事件，而作者的观点及态度往往隐含在叙述中，这就要求考生增强语篇意识，抓住文章的叙事线索，弄清文章的内在逻辑关系，根据上下文内容做出选择，并适当进行逻辑推理是解题的关键。三、找准标志词，弄清故事发展模式夹叙夹议文通常使用对比、强调、让步、举例、结论、顺序和对照等手段。考生应注意观察文章的结构特点，根据表达这些手段的衔接词
5、来正确理解故事情节。常见标志词有：(1)并列关系：and，not only.but also，that is to say等；(2)因果关系：because，for，so that，in order that，due to，thanks to，thus，therefore，so等；(3)对比关系：while，whereas，as，rather than，instead of等；(4)转折关系：although，though，even if，nevertheless，despite，but，yet，however，on the contrary等；(5)递进关系：also，then，beside
6、s，in addition，furthermore，whats more等；(6)顺序关系：first，then，on the one hand等；(7)转变话题：by the way，what I really mean.等。【2020·全国卷I】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The
7、 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, theyll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting its 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.I hate lying to the kids. One day theyll 47 and discover that everything theyv
8、e always known about windows is a 48 .I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51 that the lie were telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical(比喻) meanings. Im telling them they cant open what they absolutely know is
9、a door. What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, What if it isnt a door? That is, What if it isnt a 57 opportunity?Maybe its an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I s
10、houldnt lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, No. We cant go outside now. Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they wont 60 to open them and walk through.41AreliefBtargetCreasonDcase42AadmitBbelieveCmeanDrealize43AgraduallyBconstantlyCtempora
11、rilyDcasually44AresultBdangerCmethodDtruth45AmerelyBslightlyChardlyDpartly46AreviewingBapprovingCreceivingDattempting47Awin outBgive upCwake upDstand out48AdreamBlieCfantasyDfact49AparentsBtwinsCcolleaguesDteachers50ArestrictionsBexplanationsCdifferencesDconsequences51AdemandBfearCdesireDdoubt52Aphy
12、sicalBbiologicalCspiritualDbehavioral53AtraditionalBimportantCdoubleDoriginal54AlifeBtimeCreplyDhistory55Aby comparison withBin addition toCregardless ofDinstead of56Aget hold ofBstare atCknock onDmake use of57ArealBtypicalCsimilarDlimited58Asafety ruleBcomfort zoneCbottom lineDtop secret59AdelayBre
13、gretCenjoyDaccept60AhurryBdecideChesitateDintend这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。41C考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是明显的。A. relief安慰； B. target目标；C. reason原因；D. case情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户
14、的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。42A考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承认；B. believe相信；C. mean意味着；D. realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。43B考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually逐步地；B. constantly不断地；C temporarily临时地；D casually随便地。根据下文I should just_59
15、 repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。44D考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果；B. danger危险；C. method方法；D. truth真相。下文But our insisting its 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的I hate lying t
16、o the kids.可知孩子们是知道真相的。故选D。45A考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. merely只不过；B. slightly轻微地；C. hardly几乎不；D. partly部分地。我在搪塞孩子们，所以轻描淡写地说，它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。46D考查动名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. reviewing回顾；B. approving赞成；C. receiving收到；D. attempting尝试。根据millions of requests
17、to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。47C考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功；B. give up放弃；C. wake up开始了解真相；D. stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天，孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。48B考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关
18、于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. dream梦想；B. lie谎言；C. fantasy幻想；D. fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故选B。49A考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. parents父母；B. twins双胞胎；C. colleagues同事；D. teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。50D考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论
19、结果如何。A. restrictions限制；B. explanations解释；C. differences差异；D. consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside_43.可知一旦我说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。51B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. demand要求；B. fear害怕；C. desire欲望；D. doubt怀疑。根据that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage t
20、o our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。52C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. physical身体的；B biological生物的；C. spiritual心灵的；D. behavioral行为的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。53B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional传统的； B. important重要的；C
21、. double双重的；D. original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。54A考查名词词义辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. life生活；B. time时间；C. reply回答；D. history历史。根据Then whenthey come to other doors in life可知这
22、里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。55D考查短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison with与相比；B. in addition to除之外；C. regardless of不管；D. instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。故选D。56B考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是
23、一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. get hold of抓住；B. stare at凝视；C. knock on敲击（门、窗）；D. make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选B。57A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？A. real真的；B. typical典型的；C. similar相似的；D. limited有限的。孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。故选A。58C考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全守则；B.
24、 comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线；D. top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我的底线。故选C。59D考查动词词义辨析。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”A. delay推迟；B. regret后悔；C. enjoy享受；D. accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不得不重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实，我只能接受。故选D。60C考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当他们遇到生活中的其他“门”时，或真实或比喻，他们将毫不犹豫的打开它们，然后走过去。A.
25、hurry匆忙；B. decide决定；C. hesitate犹豫；D. intend打算。根据and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。故选C。【解题技巧】1. 认真理解开篇首句，把握文章主题。首句一般在文章中起着启示的作用，可作为我们探索短文的窗口，由此判断文章的体裁，推测全文大意乃至主题。2. 善于抓住文章中心句、中心段，充分领会文章思想、把握文章脉络。3. 抓住线索，注意情节的变化，以求综观上下文，达到整体理解文意，从而避免片面性和断章取义。4. 不仅要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵，尤其要体味议论部分，因为该部分往往是文章
26、的升华。题组一（高考真题）Cloze 1【2020·全国卷III】As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. Theyll come rushing in, 42 their handbags been stolen. Theyll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then 44 i
27、t had been in their car all the time. Theyll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you dont have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 49 abs
28、olutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 52 , and since shed found it too much to cope with (应对), shed taken it out on
29、 53 people.That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Dont take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe shes had a row with her husband. Maybe her childs not 57 .” Always water it down and dont let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won
30、t be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyones day.41AshopkeepersBcustomersCsalespersonsDreceptionists42AsayingBpretendingCguessingDreplying43AagreeBpromiseCimagineDswear44AforgetBdecideCdiscoverDassume45AfoodsBcataloguesCbelongingsDgoods46AparticularB
31、differentCmatchingDnatural47AfightingBsmilingCwaitingDchanging48AgenerousBpoliteCcarelessDdifficult49Acurious aboutBdispleased withCpatient withDuncertain about50ArelaxedBdelightedCsurprisedDembarrassed51AsearchedBarguedCprayedDapologized52Aby chanceBby herselfCon purposeDon duty53ArudeBsuchCotherDl
32、onely54AlessonBtrickCskillDtrade55AworkBshopCmeetDquarrel56AkindlyBsecretlyCpersonallyDcasually57AreadyBawayCupDwell58Aout of sightBin the wayCbehind the sceneDabove the law59AstressBexpectChandleDblame60AruinsBmakesCstartsDsavesCloze2【2020·江苏卷】Being good at something and having a passion for i
33、t are not enough. Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives.When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no 38 of knowing that his life was to change 39 . The class experiment that day was to 40 how heating a conta
34、iner of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. 41 , the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat 42 held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container 43 , leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, hi
35、s parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public spea
36、ker.Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from 48 for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to 49 his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and A
37、sia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 .Wilson received several international 53 for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a 54 . He proved that its not what happens to us that 55 our lives-its what we make of what happens.36. A. dependsB. holdsC. keepsD. refle
38、cts37. A. dilemmasB. accidentsC. eventsD. steps38. A. wayB. hopeC. planD. measure39. A. continuallyB. graduallyC. gracefullyD. completely40. A. directB. showC. advocateD. declare41. A. AnywayB. MoreoverC. SomehowD. Thus42. A. mistakenlyB. casuallyC. amazinglyD. clumsily43. A. eruptedB. explodedC. em
39、ptiedD. exposed44. A. deservedB. attemptedC. caredD. agreed45. A. submitted toB. catered forC. impressed onD. happened to46. A. fantasticB. extraordinaryC. impressiveD. catastrophic47. A. accomplishedB. crucialC. specificD. innocent48. A. deafnessB. depressionC. blindnessD. speechlessness49. A. deci
40、deB. abandonC. controlD. accept50. A. untilB. whenC. unlessD. before51. A. oppositionB. adjustmentsC. commitmentD. limitations52. A. preventableB. potentialC. spreadableD. influential53. A. scholarshipsB. rewardsC. awardsD. bonuses54. A. fortuneB. recipeC. dreamD. vision55. A. distinguishesB. determ
41、inesC. claimsD. limitsCloze 3 【2020·天津卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant 16 - -loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but
42、it can be 17 in a clever way. The 18 ? Chat benches.Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her 19 . The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who 20 made her believe that he was her friend, and then she lent him about “f 31,000 . Jones was 2
43、1 when she said that she didnt actually 22 being cheated. “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely 23 people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. So he 24 to do something about it. H
44、e 25 the police department to allow him to 26 a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that 27 :”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up, he found people sitting there and engaging in active and 28 conversations.The i
45、dea is catching on 29 There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n) 30 outcome from getting involved. Jones idea has been fully 31 -the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help 32 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.This effort is not just a(n) 33 at being community minded- -its also a 34 measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that 35 those of all ages to interact and get to know