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1、专题12 语法填空1. （2021·浙江卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 app
2、earance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 2 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3 （marry）ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much 4 （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home 5
3、 （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6 （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. Although Mary loved flowers, 7 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees an
4、d only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 （plant）flowers in the front yard. 9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elec
5、ted President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 （sell）most of their furniture.【答案】1has proved/has proven2for3marriage4smaller5was painted6herself7neither8to plant9The10sold【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。1考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开
6、放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincolns home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincolns home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 h
7、as proved/ has proven。2考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以价格买某物”。故填for。3考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚
8、姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。4考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。5考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态
9、结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。6考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。7考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neithernor”，意为“既不也不”。故填neither。8考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·
10、;华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。9考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。10考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间
11、状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。2. （2021·全国甲卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 11 (build) originally to protect the city 12 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复
12、). It is possible 13 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.After 14 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we d
13、ecided it was time for some action and what 15 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!We 16 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 17 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 18 way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two
14、 hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 19 (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 20 (day) routines.【答案】11was built12in/during13to walk14spending15better16hired17but18the19watchtowers20daily【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。11考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造
15、的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。12考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。13考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do
16、sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。14考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。15考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。16考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为
17、谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。17考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。18考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。19考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文
18、形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。20考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。3. （2021·全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It
19、is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 21 (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 22(develop)of the local areas. Ecotourism has 23(it)origin wi
20、th the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 24 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. Due to 25 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 26 trips are now being cla
21、ssified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:·Minimize the impact of 27(visit)the place. ·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. ·Provide 28(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples. ·Make
22、 sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.29(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim 30(have) a low impact on t
23、he natural environment.【答案】21educated22development23its24until25the26of27visiting28financial29activities30to have【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规定。21考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配beco
24、me educated about表示“对有所了解”。故填educated。22考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。23考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。24考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20
25、世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到才”使用固定句型“notuntil”。故填until。25考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。26考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配
26、表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。27考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。28考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。29考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。30考查非谓语动词。句意：那里
27、的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。4. （2021·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song“The Long and Winding Road”. 31is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea o
28、f clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 32 (human) are.The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 33(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 34 (
29、hot) the spring! Strange, isnt it? But thats how nature is always leaving us 35(astonish).What comes next is the endless series of steps. You cant help wondering how hard it 36 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mounta
30、in, still it highlights the whole adventure 37offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 38 (ache) legs.As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in 39(I).While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is 40 must
31、 to visit!【答案】31What32humans33undoubtedly34hotter35astonished36was37and38aching39mine40a【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物云海，温泉以及台阶。31考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。32考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。33考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮
32、助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。34考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越，越”。故填hotter。35考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。36考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the peopl
33、e then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。37考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。38考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了
34、整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。39考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。40考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词
35、时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。5. （2021·浙江卷·1月卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 41 that most of the rise is
36、due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 42 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 43 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 44 (consider) healthy. Th
37、e study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 45 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 46 (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the cou
38、ntries 47 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 48(sharp). This may be due to some disadvantages for people 49 (live) in the countryside, including 50 (low) levels of income and
39、education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.【答案】41and42that/which43persons44is considered45by46was47Studied48sharply49living50lower【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体重指数（BMI）增加了，并分析了其中的原因。41考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句
40、子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。42考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。43考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是
41、修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格persons。故填persons。44考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。45考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by
42、符合语境，故填by。46考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填was。47考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。48考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sh
43、arply。故填sharply。49考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。50考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填low
44、er。考点09 语法填空Passage 1（2021·安徽高三三模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。You may remember back at the start of December, 1 China carried out their unmanned Change-5 mission and the spacecraft touched down on the moon to collect samples for research. Now it 2 (success) returned to the Earth. This i
45、s the most significant event in Chinas space field, and also one of the most notable space 3 (activity) globally. Change-5, 4 (launch) by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket early on Nov 24, is the nations 5 (large) and most complex lunar probe. It returned with 1,731 grams of lunar rock and so
46、il to the Earth, 6 (mark) a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back. The 23-day mission was Chinas first space journey to claim extraterrestrial samples, making 7 the third country to accomplish the task, the first being the USA in the 1960s and the second So
47、viet Union in the 1970s.The spacecraft 8 (enter) the Earths atmosphere at an altitude of around 120km. As soon as it was 10km above land, it released its parachute and landed smoothly in Chinas Inner Mongolia. Now the spacecraft has been air lifted to Beijing where the samples 9 (examine) by scienti
48、sts very soon.The missions results will contribute 10 mankinds deeper understanding of the moons origins and the evolution of the solar system.【答案】1when2successfully3activities4launched5largest6marking7it8entered9will be examined10to【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了嫦娥五号进行为期23天的太空之旅获取外星样本，使中国成为第三个完成这项任务的国家。1考查定语从句。句意：你可能还记得去年