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1、（新高考）此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 2021届高考考前冲刺卷英 语 （四）注意事项：1答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第卷（选择题）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；
2、每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AAnisfield-Wolf Book AwardsThe Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards recognizes outstanding works that contribute to our understanding of cultural diversity. Awards are given for fiction, poetry and nonfiction. Submissions of books published in 2019 are now cl
3、osed. For books published this year, the submission period begins September 1 and the deadline is December 31, 2020. The winners are announced in the spring, who will receive $10,000 from the Anisfield-Wolf fund.To submit a book for consideration, send five copies with a completed copy of the Entry
4、Form to: 1422 Euclid Avenue, Suite 1300, Cleveland, OH 44115.Upon receipt, the books will be forwarded to the jury. All submitted materials become the property of the Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards and will not be returned. No electronic submissions of an authors work of any kind are accepted.Eligibilit
5、y(参赛资格)Books must be written in English and published and copyrighted in 2020 to be eligible for the 2021 prize.Awards are given in fiction, poetry and nonfiction.Confirmation of delivery receipt is provided.The following are NOT eligible for consideration:PlaysWorks in progressElectronically publis
6、hed or e-booksSelf-published works1. What is the purpose of Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards?A. To promote cultural exchange.B. To collect new books for charities.C. To encourage more people to write.D. To advertise the Anisfield-Wolf fund.2. What is a requirement for the submission?A. Registering on site
7、.B. Sending five copies of a book.C. Translating the entry.D. Paying the contest fee.3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?A. A book written in English.B. An entry published in 2020.C. The submission of an unfinished book.D. The provision of the books delivery receipt.【答案】1-3 ABC
8、【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇关于图书奖的通告。1.推理判断题。根据第一段首句“The Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards recognizes outstanding works that contribute to our understanding of cultural diversity.”（安斯菲尔德·沃尔夫图书奖表彰那些有助于我们理解文化多样性的杰出作品。）可知，图书奖的目的是要促进文化交流。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，参赛的作者需要提供同一本书的五册。故选B。3.细节理解题。根据The following are NOT elig
9、ible for consideration中的Works in progress（正在创作的作品）可知，未完成的作品没有资格参赛。故选C。BAs the winner of six gold medals, cyclist Sir Chris Hoy is one of Britains most successful Olympians. Now he has written a book to help young people achieve their own goals in life, called Be Amazing! An Inspiring Guide to Being
10、Your Own Champion. The book is packed with stories from his cycling career and the lessons he learned along the way. Speaking to The Week Junior, Hoy says the books advice can apply to anything, whether its sport, the arts or science.When he was young, Hoy never thought he would have a career in cyc
11、ling. “First of all, I wasnt that good at it,” he says. Hoy thought that successful people were just certain to be great and were different from everyone else. But after growing up, Hoy realized that wasnt true and he saw whatever can happen if you work hard at something you love. He won his first g
12、old medal at the 2004 Olympics in Greece in a time trial event. In this event, the cyclists took it in turns to see who could go the fastest round a track. Before Hoys turn came, the world record had been broken three times. However, he focused on his own performance and won gold. Hoy said hearing h
13、is name followed by the words “Olympic champion” was truly magical.If Hoy could give his younger self a piece of advice, it would be, “Not everyone can win a gold medal, so there has to be more than that. There has to be enjoyment and fun at the heart of everything.”4. What is Chris Hoys main purpos
14、e of writing the book?A. To get young people to buy it.B. To make the young learn how to cycle.C. To help the young realize their dreams.D. To let young people know his sports career.5. Which of the following is included in Chris Hoys book?A. His works of art.B. His cycling profession.C. His educati
15、onal theories.D. His academic achievements.6. What are the secrets to success according to Chris Hoy?A. Interest and effort.B. Technique and talent.C. Warmth and strength.D. Energy and curiosity.7. What can we infer about Chris Hoy?A. He did well in cycling as a boy.B. He has broken the world record
16、 three times.C. He won his first Olympic gold medal in AustraliaD. He thinks the key to doing everything is pleasure.【答案】24-27 CBAD【解析】本文是记叙文。英国著名的自行车运动员Chris Hoy讲述了他成功的秘诀，并将其写成一本书，以帮助年轻人实现他们的人生目标。4.细节理解题。根据第一段“Now he has written a book to help young people achieve their own goals in life, called Be
17、 Amazing! An Inspiring Guide to Being Your Own Champion.”可知，Chris Hoy写这本书的主要目的是帮助年轻人实现他们的梦想。故选C。5.细节理解题。根据第一段“The book is packed with stories from his cycling career and the lessons he learned along the way.”（这本书写了他的自行车生涯的故事和他一路上明白的经验教训。）可知，在这本书中，Chris Hoy写了自己的自行车运动生涯。故选B。6.推理判断题。根据第二段“But after gro
18、wing up, Hoy realized that wasn't true and he saw whatever can happen if you work hard at something you love.”（但长大后，Hoy意识到事实并非如此，他明白了如果你努力做你喜欢的事情，一切皆有可能。）可知，Chris Hoy认为成功的秘诀是兴趣和努力。故选A。7.推理判断题。根据最后一段“There has to be enjoyment and fun at the heart of everything.”（每件事的核心都必须是享受和乐趣。）可知，Chris Hoy认为做每件
19、事最重要的一点是快乐。故选D。CA car weighing only a few hundred pounds, can travel 500 miles per hour, repair itself and cost less than other cars. It might be hard to imagine such a cat, let alone a spaceship. But NASA is trying to make a spaceship that is much better than other ships.The spacecraft has to be as
20、 light as it can be. Weight costs money! A new discovery might allow spacecraft to be lighter. A new material called a “carbon nanotube”(碳纳米管) might be the answer to the weight problem of building a super spaceship. This material is 600 times stronger than steel.One of the big problems with space tr
21、avel is space radiation(辐射). In space, astronauts need protection against harmful rays. You might think that the metal on a spaceship is the answer. But, metals are the worst for protecting against very dangerous space rays. These rays are made of little pieces called ions(离子). When the ions hit met
22、als at very high speed, they can break an atom and cause another type of ray to form. These new rays can be worse than the radiation the metal skins were supposed to stop. Thus, it is very important to block these rays.But we could use carbon nanotubes to make the skins of spacecraft. Things that ar
23、e light in weight seem to work the best against these ions. The rays are stopped outside the spacecraft and new rays arent made.In addition, our super spaceship needs to be able to repair itself. Humans can feel the smallest pinpricks(针刺) because of tiny sensors that send signals to our brains. Tiny
24、 sensors like ours could be built in the new ships. Each sensor could send messages to the computer “brain” of the spacecraft. If something needed to be fixed, the computer could tell the ship to do it.Just as amazing as a car would be to someone 200 years ago, our nanotube spaceship might seem to u
25、s. We might actually make the spacecraft of tomorrow, using the technology of today.8. What are the features of carbon nanotubes?A. Light and strong.B. Thin and radioactive.C. Self-repairing and weightless.D. Sensitive and protective.9. Which of the following statements is true?A. Space radiation ca
26、nt be blocked at all.B. Space rays can break ions to form new rays.C. Carbon nanotubes can prevent radiation effectively.D. Metal skins arent a good choice for their strength.10. Why will tiny sensors be built into the new spaceship?A. Humans can feel the smallest pinpricks.B. The computer “brain” c
27、an repair itself.C. Signals can be sent to humans brains.D. The computer can be informed of what to repair.11. Whats the best title of the passage?A. A New Discovery in SpaceB. NASA Made a BreakthroughC. Nanotubes Help to Repair SpacecraftD. NASAs Attempt to Make a Super Spaceship【答案】8-11 ACDD【解析】这是
28、一篇说明文。讲述了美国航天局制作新型宇宙飞船的设想。并介绍了这种飞船的优势。8.细节理解题。根据第二段“A new discovery might allow spacecraft to be lighter. A new material called a “carbon nanotube” might be the answer to the weight problem of building a super spaceship. This material is 600 times stronger than steel.”（一项新发现可能会使宇宙飞船变得更轻。一种被称为“碳纳米管”的
29、新材料可能会解决建造超级宇宙飞船的重量问题。这种材料的强度是钢的600倍。）可知，碳纳米管的特点是又轻便又结实。故选A项。9.推理判断题。根据第四段，我们可以用碳纳米管来做宇宙飞船的外壳。重量轻的东西似乎对这些离子最有效。射线在宇宙飞船外被阻挡，新的射线就无法产生。可知碳纳米管能有效地防止辐射。故选C项。10.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Each sensor could send messages to the computer “brain” of the spacecraft. If something needed to be fixed, the computer could tel
30、l the ship to do it.”（每个传感器都可以向宇宙飞船的计算机“大脑”发送信息。如果有什么需要维修，计算机可以通知飞船。）可知，微型传感器被安装在新宇宙飞船上，可以让计算机知道该维修什么。故选D项。11.主旨大意题。文章主要讲了美国宇航局制作新宇宙飞船的构想。根据第一段最后一句点明主旨“But NASA is trying to make a spaceship that is much better than other ships.”可知，最适合的题目是：美国宇航局试图制造一艘超级宇宙飞船。故选D项。DThere are so many choices when you g
31、o shopping. You have to check the sell-by dates so that you know how long you can store and use the food you are purchasing.But do you know that the best sell-by dates on food packaging dont really tell you if the food is safe to eat. The food may not last as long as it says if it isnt stored correc
32、tly at any point of the distribution chain. Now there is food packaging that can detect and change colors if the food has gone bad.Each American wastes 103 pounds of spoiled food out of the refrigerator every year. The new smart packaging from Primitives Biodesign a new company that operates out of
33、a lab at Indibio, a biotech accelerator in San Francisco can help to reduce this huge waste of food.The basic material that doesnt contain sensing material is made from algae and can block oxygen more effectively than regular film, so the food stays fresher for a longer time. Since it is made from a
34、 natural substance, it can also break down in nature.Making the film smart is the thorny part. Luckily, the team managed to use a process that is like the way nature responds to changes in the environment. The mechanism responds like the way flowers emit compounds to change colors.“It could be suppl
35、ement packaging that indicate when its been tampered with by changing color to tell you that it's no ledger safe,” says Kan. She explained that the new packaging can be used on food products to fell if the food has turned bad before someone has to smell or taste it.The company has proven in lab
36、tests that the technology works and now they are working on how to develop commercial uses for it. The added safety features will come out later. Helping to control food waste in products like meat or cheese which have high greenhouse gas emissions will also help to reduce climate change.12. What ca
37、n we infer from paragraph 2?A. Storing food properly is very important.B. The color of food packaging is not clear.C. Regular food packaging is of little value.D. Its not hard to control distribution chains.13. What does the word “thorny” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Changeable.B. Inte
38、resting.C. Natural.D. Difficult.14. What can we say about the new food packaging?A. It is too thin to block oxygen.B. It is really good for the environment.C. It is perfect for commercial uses.D. It is sensitive to pleasant smells.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Smar
39、t Packaging Tells If Food Is Safe to EatB. Sensing Materials Indicate the Color of FoodC. A Great Team Is Concerned With Food SafetyD. Old Packaging Slows Down Climate Change【答案】12-15 ADBA【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了我们买食品时必须检查保质期，这样才能知道购买的食物可以储存和使用多久。现在，一家公司研制了一种新的食品包装，如果食物变坏了，它可以通过改变自身颜色来告知人们。12.推理判断题。根据第二
40、段中“The food may not last as long as it says if it isnt stored correctly at any point of the distribution chain.”（如果食物在分销链的任何一点上没有好好储存，它可能不会像它说的保质期那么长。）可推断，正确储存食物是非常重要的。故选A。13.词义猜测题。根据画线词后面内容可知，该团队设法使用了一种类似于自然对环境变化的反应过程的方式。这种机制的反应方式就像花发出化合物来改变颜色一样。因此这段是说制作智能包装是困难的部分，幸好团队设法使用了一种类似于自然对环境变化的反应方式的过程，故画线词
41、的意思是“困难的”。A. Changeable：无常的；B. Interesting：有趣的；C. Natural：自然的；D. Difficult：困难的。故选D。14.推理判断题。根据第四段“Since it is made from a natural substance, it can also break down in nature.”（新的食品包装的基本材料是天然的、可降解的。）以及最后一段中“Helping to control food waste in products like meat or cheese which have high greenhouse gas e
42、missions will also help to reduce climate change.”（帮助控制肉类或奶酪等温室气体排放量高的食品浪费，也有助于减少气候变化。）可推断，新的食品包装对环境有利。故选B。15.主旨大意题。文章主要说明了我们买食品时必须检查保质期，这样才能知道购买的食物可以储存和使用多久。现在，一家公司研制了一种新的食品包装，如果食物变坏了，它可以通过改变自身颜色来告知人们。故A选项（智能包装告诉我们食物是否可以安全食用）最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
43、余选项。Panic attacks are sudden, intense surges of fear, panic, or anxiety. 16 Panic attacks are generally brief, lasting less than 10 minutes, although some of the symptoms may persist for a longer time. Here are a few tips for you to cope with panic attacks.Deep breathingIf youre able to control your
44、 breathing, youre less likely to experience the hyperventilating(呼吸急促) that can make other symptoms and the panic attack itself worse. Focus on taking deep breaths in and out through your mouth, feeling the air slowly fill your chest and belly and then slowly leave them again. 17 Close your eyesSome
45、 panic attacks come from triggers(触发物) that overwhelm you. If you are in a fast-paced environment with a lot of stimuli(刺激), this can feed your panic attack. 18 This can block out any extra stimuli and make it easier to focus on your breathing. 19 Mindfulness can help ground you in the reality of wh
46、at is around you. Since panic attacks can cause a feeling of separation from reality, this can combat your panic attack as it is approaching or actually happening.Use muscle relaxation techniquesMuch like deep breathing, muscle relaxation techniques can help stop your panic attack in its tracks by c
47、ontrolling your bodys response as much as possible. Consciously relax one muscle at a time. 20 Techniques of this kind will be most effective when you have practised them beforehand.A. Practice mindfulnessB. Get away from realityC. They have physical as well as emotional symptoms.D. To reduce the st
48、imuli, close your eyes during your panic attack.E. You can start with the fingers, and then move your way up through your body.F. These cannot only help you fall asleep, but they may also promote muscle relaxation.G. Breathe in for a count of four, hold for a second, and then breathe out for a count of four.【答案】16-20 CGDAE【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了应对恐慌症的几点建议。16.根据上文“Panic attacks are sudden, intense sur