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1、（新高考）此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 2021届高考考前冲刺卷英 语 （十五）注意事项：1答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第卷（选择题）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题
2、；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AThe Olympic Museum first opened to the public on June 23rd, 1993. It is a great museum set in extremely attractive grounds on the banks of Lake Geneva. In total, more than 3.5 million visitors of all ages and all walks of life have come to this mu
3、seum to experience the magic of the Olympic Games. The Olympic Museum's rich collections include items from all over the world. The collections began to take shape in 1915, and have continued to grow and develop over the years.Following almost two years of renovation work, The Olympic Museum now
4、 has an additional 1,000 square meters of exhibition space. The restaurant has been moved to the south side of the museum to offer a beautiful view over the lake and the Alps,Opening Times:9 am to 6 pm: from May 1st to October 14th (Monday to Sunday)10 am to 6 pm: from October 15th to April 30th (Tu
5、esday to Sunday) (but open Easter Monday or for special events). Closed on December 25th and January 1stMuseum Rates:Tickets can be bought directly at The Olympic Museum. No reservation are required. There are three ticket machines, two on the ground floor and one on the 2nd floor.Adult: CHF 18Child
6、ren aged 6-16 (under 6 free): CHF 10Disabled persons: CHF 124What is the purpose of visiting The Olympic Museum for most people? ATo find many new inventions.BTo enjoy the beauty of Lake Geneva.CTo meet people of all ages and walks of life.DTo enjoy the collections about The Olympic Museum.5When the
7、 museum open on the day after Easter Sunday?AAt 11 am. BAt 10 am. CAt 9 am.DAt 8 am.6Where can we buy the tickets of the museum?AOn the website.BIn the ticket machine on the 2nd floor.CIn the three ticket machines on the 1st floor.DOn the ground floor of the south side of the museum.【答案】1-3 DBB【解析】1
8、推理判断题。根据第一段第三，四句可知， 总共有350多万来自各个年龄段和各行各业的游客来到这座博物馆，体验奥运会的魅力。奥林匹克博物馆丰富的收藏品包括来自世界各地的物品。推知，对于大多数人来说，参观奥林匹克博物馆的目的是欣赏有关奥林匹克博物馆的收藏品。故选D。2细节理解题。根据Opening Times中“10 am to 6 pm: from October 15th to April 30th (Tuesday to Sunday)(but open Easter Monday or for special events).(上午10时至下午6时:10月15日至4月30日(星期二至星期日)
9、(复活节星期一开放或有特别活动)。)”可知，复活节后的白天营业时间是从上午10点开始。故选B。3细节理解题。根据“Tickets can be bought directly at The Olympic Museum. No reservation are required. There are three ticket machines, two on the ground floor and one on the 2nd floor. ”门票可以直接在奥林匹克博物馆购买。不需要预订。有三个售票机，两个在一楼，一个在二楼。 由此可知，我们可以在一楼的两个售票机和二楼的一个售票机买票入场参观
10、。故选B。BIt is a well-accepted assumption that students come to colleges to get good grades and that they are usually too busy to do anything else. But Connie Snyder Mick, an academic director of the Center for Social Concerns at the University of Notre Dame, says it is just half of the truth. There ar
11、e many volunteering centers like hers at the colleges and universities in the United States. Mick says these centers help students seek an experience that may not be directly related to a students academic progress, but that is still important. Volunteering is not uncommon in higher education. Many
12、college groups organize volunteer events for different causes. Officials in charge of student housing often organize such events to help build a sense of community. Participation in these kinds of activities is good for students, Mick says. For example, the busy nature of college life can create a l
13、ot of stress for students. Doing something completely unrelated to a student's studies can help calm them by putting their mind on other things. For a more meaningful addition to their college experience. Mick urges students to visit centers like the one she heads. She says these centers exist t
14、o create volunteer opportunities that are more complex and meaningful than just a day spent cleaning a local park or raising money, for example. Such volunteering centers often partner with local organizations that serve the people of the nearby communities. Even for students with little interest in
15、 building a connection with the local communities, there is still value in what volunteer centers have to offer, Mick says. She notes some opportunities can push students to use what they are learning in the classroom out in the real world and having that kind of experience can make a student appeal
16、ing to employers in the years to come.4. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Academic progress.B. College education.C. Volunteering experience.D. Center for Social Concerns.5. What is the housing officials main purpose in organizing those events?A. To give students good p
17、art-time jobs.B. To raise money for different celebrations.C. To help build a closer bond among the students.D. To improve the living conditions for the students.6. How can these centers activities benefit the students according to Mick?A. By helping them focus on their study.B. By offering chances
18、to test their knowledge.C. By protecting them from the local communities.D. By increasing their competitiveness in the job market.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Colorful College Life in the USAB. Guidelines for Volunteering Center SelectionC Volunteering: a Meaningful Addition to College
19、LifeD. A Valuable Platform: Mick's Center for Social Concerns【答案】4-7CCDC【解析】4.词义猜测题。这些中心帮助学生寻求一种体验，这种体验可能与学生学业进步没有直接关系，但那仍然很重要。由此可知，that指代的是“通过志愿活动中心获得的体验”。故选C。5.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Officials in charge of student housing often organize such events to help build a sense of community.可知，负责学生宿舍的官员经常组织这样的活
20、动来帮助建立社区意识。由此可知，宿管人员希望借助这些志愿活动增强学生之间的联系。故选C。6.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的She notes some opportunities can push students to use what they are learning in the classroom out in the real world and having that kind of experience can make a student appealing to employers in the years to come.可知，她指出，一些机会可以促使学生将课堂上学到的知识
21、运用到现实世界中，拥有这样的经验可以让学生在未来吸引雇主。由此可知，这些活动有助于提高学生的就业竞争力。故选D。7.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，圣母大学社会问题中心的学术主任康妮·施耐德·米克介绍了美国大学中的各类志愿者中心对学生成长的重要性并鼓励学生们积极参与志愿者活动。由此可知，C. Volunteering: a Meaningful Addition to College Life(志愿活动：大学生活中有意义的一部分)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。CAn infectious disease is a disease that is caused by the inva
22、sion of a host by pathogens（病原体）whose activities harm the hosts tissues and can be spread to other individuals.Microorganisms（微生物）capable of causing disease are called pathogens. A true pathogen is an infectious agent that causes disease in any possible host. The terms “infection” and “disease” are
23、quite different. In order to cause disease, pathogens must be able to enter the host body, stick to specific host cells, invade and multiply and do damage to host tissues.Pathogens may be spread through either direct or indirect contact. Direct contact occurs when an individual is infected by contac
24、t with the infection source. It also includes taking in the infectious droplets released by sneezing or coughing. Indirect contact occurs when a pathogen can survive the environment outside its host for a long period of time. So lifeless objects that are polluted by direct contact with the infection
25、 source may be the indirect contact for easily infected group.Public health measures typically involve killing the pathogen from its source or from its route of spread. Those measures include ensuring a safe water supply, effectively treating waste water, and initiating animal control and vaccinatio
26、n（疫苗）programs, etc. Personally, the first line of defense is to keep pathogen at bay by following good personal hygiene（卫生）habits. Prevent infection before it begins and avoid spreading it to others with some easy measures, such as washing hands, getting vaccinated and so on.Man never stops fighting
27、 against all kinds of infectious diseases. But in the past two decades at least a dozen “new” disease have been identified, and traditional diseases that appeared to be “on their way out” are re-emerging. Globally, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death. Clearly, the ballet has not be
28、en won. Nevertheless, it is increasingly difficult for most of us to deny the claims of science. We are continually presented with great amounts of relevant scientific and medical knowledge, which encourages us to take more responsibility for our own health.8Whats the main idea of paragraph2?A. Orig
29、in of true pathogens.B. Strategies for avoiding tissue damage.C. Nature of infectious diseases.D. Differences between infection and disease.9What is likely to cause disease spread through indirect contact?ABreathing in tiny drops from coughingBEmbracing an infected person.CGetting bitten by an infec
30、ted cat.DUsing umbrella a sick man used.10What does the underlined phrase “at bay” in paragragh 4 mean?AAt risk.CUnder control.BStay away.DWithin reach.11What can we infer about the last paragraph?AScience plays an important in defeating infectious diseases.BMan is at a loss about infectious disease
31、s.CTraditional infectious diseases are dying out.DThe battle against infectious diseases is in vain.【答案】8-11 CDBA【解析】8主旨大意题。根据第二段中Microorganisms（微生物）capable of causing disease are called pathogens. A true pathogen is an infectious agent that causes disease in any possible host. The terms “infection”
32、 and “disease” are quite different. “能够引起疾病的微生物被称为病原体。真正的病原体是在任何可能的宿主中引起疾病的传染媒介。“感染”和“疾病”的术语是完全不同的。”由此可知，第二段讲述的是“传染病的本质。”故选C。9推理判断题。根据第三段中Indirect contact occurs when a pathogen can survive the environment outside its host for a long period of time. So lifeless objects that are polluted by direct co
33、ntact with the infection source may be the indirect contact for easily infected group. “当病原体能够在其宿主外的环境中存活很长一段时间的时候接触发生，因此，直接接触传染源而被污染的无生命物体可能是易感染人群的间接接触。”由此可推断，“一个生病的人用过的伞”可能通过间接接触引起疾病传播。故选D。10词义猜测题。根据第四段中Prevent infection before it begins and avoid spreading it to others with some easy measures, su
34、ch as washing hands, getting vaccinated and so on.“在感染开始传播前预防感染，并且通过一些简单的措施，如洗手、接种疫苗等，避免传播给他人。”由此可知，Personally, the first line of defense is to keep pathogen at bay by following good personal hygiene（卫生）habits.（就我个人而言，第一道防线就是遵循良好的个人卫生习惯，远离病原体。）中的划线部分at bay的意思是远离病原体，也就是病原体“被控制住”。故选B。11推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ne
35、vertheless, it is increasingly difficult for most of us to deny the claims of science. We are continually presented with great amounts of relevant scientific and medical knowledge, which encourages us to take more responsibility for our own health. “然而，我们大多数人越来越难以否认科学的断言。我们不断地接触大量相关的科学和医学知识，这鼓励我们为自己
36、的健康承担更多的责任。”由此可知，科学在战胜传染病方面起着重要作用。故选A。DResearchers have found, for the first time plants letting out sounds when they are stressed. According to a study a team of scientists recorded tomato and tobacco (烟草) plants producing sound frequencies which humans cannot hear in stressful situationssuch as wh
37、en they experienced a lack of water or their stems (茎) were cut.Previous research has shown that plants respond to stress by producing several visual and chemical signals. For example, stressed plants may differ in color and shape compared to unstressed plants. Meanwhile, some are also known to let
38、out things in response to drought (干旱) or being eaten.The latest study, meanwhile, is the first to identify plants making sounds which can be detected over a distance. The team detected the tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour on average when they were exposed to drought conditions, while the tobacc
39、o plants produced 11. When the stems of the plants were cut, the tomato plants made 25 sounds an hour on average and the tobacco plants produced 15. As a comparison, unstressed plants made less than one sound per hour on average, according to the study.The team say that while they only tested tomato
40、 and tobacco, its possible that other plants could also produce sounds, adding that the latest findings could have an influence on agriculture. “Plant sound production could offer a new way for monitoring crops water statea question of key importance in agriculture”, the authors wrote in the study m
41、ore precise irrigation can save up to 50 percent of the water cost and increase the production.“In times when more and more areas are exposed to drought due to climate change, while human population and consumption keep increasing, effective water use becomes even more important for food security”,
42、they said “Our results, showing the ability to distinguish between drought-stressed and control plants on the basis of plant sounds, open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture.”12. Which of the following best describes plants response to stress in the study?ASing.BLaugh.CCry.DSigh.13
43、What can we know from the first 3 paragraphs?AHumans can hear the sound produced by plants.BStressed and unstressed plants look the same.CPlants in stressful situations make the fewest sounds.DStressed tobacco plants make less sounds than tomato.14How can the study help agriculture?ALower the cost.B
44、Better the quality.CMonitor climate change.DControl the pests.15In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?AScience.BHealth.CEducation.DCulture.【答案】12-15 CDAA【解析】12细节理解题。根据第一段中According to a study a team of scientists recorded tomato and tobacco (烟草) plants producing sound frequencies whic
45、h humans cannot hear in stressful situationssuch as when they experienced a lack of water or their stems (茎) were cut. 根据一项研究，一组科学家记录了西红柿和烟草植物产生的声音频率，这些频率人类在紧张的情况下听不到，比如缺水或茎被切断。由植物在缺水或者茎被切断时声音会发出，可知，在这项研究中，cry“发出刺耳的叫声”最能描述植物对压力的反应。故选C项。13推理判断题。根据第一段中Researchers have found, for the first time plants
46、letting out sounds when they are stressed. 研究人员首次发现，植物在压力下会发出声音。以及第三段中The team detected the tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour on average when they were exposed to drought conditions, while the tobacco plants produced 11. When the stems of the plants were cut, the tomato plants made 25 sounds an h
47、our on average and the tobacco plants produced 15. 研究小组发现，番茄植株在干旱条件下平均每小时发出35种声音，而烟草植株发出11种声音。当这些植物的茎被切断时，番茄植株平均每小时发出25个声音，烟草植株每小时发出15个声音。通过数字的对比，可知，从前三段我们可以知道压力大的番茄比烟草发出的声音更大。故选D项。14细节理解题。根据第四段中“Plant sound production could offer a new way for monitoring crops water statea question of key importanc
48、e in agriculture”, the authors wrote in the study more precise irrigation can save up to 50 percent of the water cost and increase the production. 研究报告的作者们在报告中写道：“植物声音的产生可以为监测作物的水状况提供一种新方法这是农业中一个非常重要的问题。”更精确的灌溉可以节省高达50%的水成本，并提高产量。可知，这项研究帮助农业降低了成本。故选A项。15推理判断题。根据第一段中Researchers have found, for the first time plants letting out sounds when they are stressed.研究人员首次发现，植物在压力下会发出声音；最后一段中“Our results, showing the ability to distinguish between drought-stressed and c