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1、2021-2022学年上学期初中英语外研新版八年级期中必刷常考题之名词一.选择题（共14小题）（2020 秋和平区校级期中）After years of war, the people in Syria are thirsty for.（ ）A. relaxB. quietC. peaceD. safe（2020 秋合肥期中）The art class gives us a to know about art from all over the world.（ ）A. chanceB. promiseC. changeD. smile（2020 秋瓯海区期中）-Sorry.I dont kno
2、w how to say this word.-Never mind, I can tell you its? （）A. meaningB. spellingC. pronunciationD. grammar（2020 秋新邱区期中）Please give me some on how to learn English.（）A. adviceB. messageC. ideaD. things（2020 秋苍南县期中）-I cant read this word. Can you tell me its right ?-Sorry, Im not sure. Lets listen to t
3、he tape.（）A.spellingB.grammarC.meaningD.pronunciation（2020 秋河西区期中）Tianjin has a of over fifteen million.（）A.populationB.countrysideC.mountainD.society（2020 秋旅顺 口 区期中）Watching football at home is easier than going to the.（ ）A. hillB. roadC. theatreD. stadium（2020 秋旅顺 口区期中）If you want to know more abo
4、ut the basketball match, you can look at the on the wall.（）A. showB. noticeC. novelD. notebook（2019 秋老边区期中）It is too late. Im afraid we have no but to take a taxi客,使用介词besides,故答案为besides.4. China,考查名词，句意：作为中国最知名的动物，大熊猫出现在世界自然基金会的 标志,使用名词China,故答案为China.5. more,考查形容词，句意：比起其他动物，它有着更多机会出现在中国的国际赛事上, 由t
5、han可知使用more,故答案为more.6. actor,考查名词，句意：它也作为演员出现在大屏幕上，冠词an后接名词的单数形 式，故答案为actor.7. presents,考查名词，句意：日本历史的记录说，唐朝送了一堆熊和七十张毛皮作为 礼物送给日本，使用名词的复数形式，故答案为presents.8. only,考查副词，句意：一只雌性熊猫通常只有一个小孩，使用副词。nly修饰谓语动 词，故答案为only.9. Because,考查连词，句意：因为主要的繁育中心建在这片区域中间，使用because引 导原因状语从句，故答案为Because.10. zoos,考查名词，句意：当然，一些城市
6、动物园也有大熊猫，some修饰可数名词的 复数形式，故答案为zoos.【点评】此题题型为选词填空.在选择给定词语时，在考虑文章大意的前提下，还应该 注意文章及句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在句子中的位置.通过这些判断，适当改 变词汇形式，以符合题目要求.考点卡片1 .不可数名词【概念】不可数名词：不可数名词指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质或表示物质材料的东 西.一般而言，专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词都是不可数名词.不可数名词一般没有复数 形式，表示数量时，经常要在前面加上计量名词.其结构通常为：不定冠词/基数词+计量名 词+of+不可数名词.【不可数名词的计量】.不可数名词
7、表示数量时，可用a lot of, much, little, a little, some, no等修饰.如：I want some water.我想要一些水.类型英语汉译例子个数单 位词piece张a piece of advice； two pieces of advicedrop滴a drop of ink； three drops of inkpile堆a pile of wood； four piles of wood容器单 位词cup杯a cup of coffee； seven cups of coffeeglass(玻璃)杯a glass of milk； eight gla
8、sses of milkbottle瓶a bottle of juice； nine bottles of juicebox盒、箱a box of chalk； ten boxes of chalkbag袋a bag of flour； eleven bags of flour度量衡单位词pound磅a pound of meat； fourteen pounds of meatkilo公斤a kilo of oil； two kilos of oil2 .不可数名词表示一定的数量时，可借助可数名词，用”a+可数名词+of+不可数名词”结构.表 示复数意义时，把可数名词变为复数形式.如：He
9、needs two pieces of paper.他需要两张纸.3 .名词的词义辨析【概念】(1)名词名词是指人、地点、事物、行为、品质、抽象概念、感情等的名称的词.名词可分为专有名 词和普通名词两大类.(2)普通名词普通名词表示某类人或某类事物的名称.普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词 和抽象名词.(3)个体名词用来表示单个人或事物的名词.如：astronaut, building等.(4)集体名词用来指一群人或一些事物总称的名词.如：family, group等.(5)物质名词用来指无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词.如：water, rice等.(6)抽象名词用来指人或事物的品质
10、、情感、状态等，抽象概念的词的名词.如：health, education等.(7)概念点拨一般地说，个体名词和集体名词是可数的，称为可数名词，有单、复数之分；物质名词和抽 象名词是不可数的，称为不可数名词，通常只有单数，但在某些具体情况下也可以用复数.4 .量词【概念】通常用来表示人或事物的数量单位的词，叫做量词.如piece, block等.【结构】.数字 + pair (s) of表示成双成对名词的数量词，如：a pair oftrousers, two pairs ofscissors, a pair of glasses,a pair of chopsticks1 .数字+容器of-
11、表示用容器度量的量词，如：a basket of apples, a plate of beef, a cup of yogurt, a spoon of honey2 .数字 + piece (s) of-表示一块/片/条/张的量词，如：A piece of bread/paper/wood/furniture/land/advice/news/meat/cloth/music/information.其他如： 一群人 a/an crowd/group/army/team/of people一群牛、象、马、天鹅 a herd of cattle/elephants/horses/swans一
12、群鸟、鹅、母鸡、羊、燕子 a flock of birds/geese/hens/goats/种a kind of books/cars/friends/meat例：（）-What can I do for you ?-I want to buy for my daughterA. a clothingB. a piece clothingC a piece of clothing D. the piece of clothing考点：量词.分析；我能为你做什么？我想要买一件衣服给我女儿.解答：C. clothing是不可数名词，故用a piece of来修饰，指一件衣服.故答案是C.点评：可
13、数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量.two apples, four books等.不 可数名词前通常用单位词+oF来表示数量.如：a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等.【易混淆点】.做主语时，谓语动词由量词的单复决定.例如：How much is the pair of shoes?The 3 baskets of pears were sold out.1 .不用量词.英语与汉语不同，用量词的情况少些，更多情况是不用量词.例如：There are 5 members in her family.【解题方法点拨】分析句中结构、量词和名词，注意汉
14、语式思维，根据上下语境准确作答.【中考命题方向】在中考中，量词常出现在单项选择和完形填空中，虽不多但也要引起大家注意.4 .选词填空【考查能力介绍】选词填空题要求考生根据句子或短文内容，从备选词中选择正确的单词或短语并用其适当 形式填空.此类考题综合性强，集合了阅读、词汇、语法和完型填空等多题型的测试特点，对考生的 综合能力要求较高.【解题方法点拨】先对备选词做初步了解，在此基础上通读全文，充分理解短文的内容.分析空格处所需单词，先按意思选词，先确定介词、冠词、连词等不发生变化的词和涉及 固定搭配的词；再根据句子结构选词，确定设空处在句子中充当的成分，找出相应词汇做出 正确的变形.完成填词后，
15、应通读全文，检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选 用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性.解题步骤(以题为例)thing real find hard beautySome of you might ask, nAre books (1) interesting? Believe it or not, books provide many (2) _that televisions or computers cannot. Since books use only words to tell a story, they can improve your imagination. Th
16、e interesting words and sentences that are used in storytelling usually cant be (3) _on TV or on websites. They are sometimes so (4) _and moving that they can bring tears to your eyes. Books also help us to think (5) _and deeper. As we continue to read, we ask ourselves questions and try to find ans
17、wers.Remember： the more you read, the more you grow.第一步需要诠释备选单词，进行预判.thing名词，意为”事物，东西real形容词(真的); find实义动词，意为”找到，发现；hard作形容词意为“硬的，困难的”，作副词意为”努力地 二beauty名词，意为“美丽，美人二第二步需要通读全文，进行预判.根据字面意思可以推出real对应(1), thing对应(2), find 对应(3), beauty 对应(4), hard 对应(5).第三部需要瞻前顾后，根据句子结构，注意词形的变化.(1)修饰形容词要用副词，(2) many之后要用复
18、数，(3)用词的主语是被动关系，要用被动语态，find需变过去分词，(4) 与moving并列要用形容词，(5)与deeper并列修饰think要用副词比拟级.根据要求填入 适当形式.最后需要把答案带入文中验证是否正确.【解题技巧】在做阅读填空题时要做到根据语法判定词性，利用语境确定词形，具体要考虑：对于名词，要考虑是否要把名词变成复数或“所有格”形式，还要考虑名词是否需要变成形 容词；对于动词，要考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化；对于形容词和副词，要去判定它们之间的相互转换，是否需要变成比拟级或最高级，形容 词是否要变名词也需考虑；对于代词，注意区分主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物
19、主代词或反身代词的用法；对于数词，要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法；对于冠词，只需要在a或an之间判别；对于介词和连词时，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可.【中考命题方向】中考对选词填空题的形式也是多种多样，有根据句子选词的（如呼和浩特、武汉等），有根 据短文内容选单词的（如河南、泰安等），也有根据对话选词的（如南京等）.这些出题形式 中又有的用选词不必变形，有的那么需要变换成适当形式，难易各不相同，考生当根据本地考 试实际情况进行复习.home.()A. ideaB. adviceC. chanceD. choice(2020 秋和平区校级期中)Could you
20、give me some on how to spend the comingholiday?()A. newsB. hobbiesC. knowledge D. advice(2020 秋瑶海区期中)-Why do so many foreign companies want him to work for them?-He can speak both English and French. Its certainly his.()A. situationB. choiceC. advantage D. problem(2020 秋瑶海区期中)-Why not explain the ru
21、les of the games to everyone? If so, we can understand the game better.-Thank you for your.()A. planB. wishC. adviceD. suggest(2020 秋市中区期中)Can you give me on how to learn English well? ()A some pieces of advicesB some piece of advicesC some pieces of advice(2020 秋济阳区期中)I hope Miss Li can give me som
22、e on how to learnEnglish.()A. scoresB. homeworkC. plansD. advice二.词汇应用(共1小题)10. (2020碑林区校级模拟)many, present, it, zoo, because, what, only, China, besides, national, actor With its black - white coat, the animal is one of the most precious (珍贵的)animals in the world. It is native to China, proudly call
23、ed the n (1) treasure1. (2) name is Panda. The name of “Panda“ now refers to (指的是) the giant panda.In China, (3)the Great Wall and the Terracotta Army, the giant panda also attracts (吸引)the world - wide tourists.As the most famous animal of (4), the giant panda appears in the logo(标志) of the World W
24、ildlife Fund for Nature ( WWF). It also has ( 5 ) chances than other animals to be the mascot (吉祥物) of international games held inChina. And it shows up as an (6) on the big screen, such as Kung Fu Panda.The giant panda is regarded as the symbol of peace. In Japanese history records, the Tang Dynast
25、y (朝代)sent a couple of bears and seventy pieces of fur (毛皮)as national (7) to Japan. The two bearsn were giant pandas.One female panda usually has (8)one baby, and it is not easy for wild pandas to have twins anyway. If you want to see them, youd better go to Chengdu. Why?(9)the main breeding (繁育)ce
26、nters were built around this area. Certainly some city (10) also have giant pandas, such as Beijing Zoo, Chongqing Zoo, etc.The giant pandas are so lovely creatures (生物). More and more people become fans of them.2021-2022学年上学期初中英语外研新版八年级期中必刷常考题之名词参考答案与试题解析一.选择题（共14小题）（2020 秋和平区校级期中）After years of wa
27、r, the people in Syria are thirsty for.（ ）A. relaxB. quietC. peaceD. safe【考点】名词的词义辨析.【分析】经过多年的战争，叙利亚人民渴望和平。【解答】relax：放松；quiet：安静；peace：和平；safe：平安。结合句意：经过多年的 战争，叙利亚人民渴望-可知，经过长期的战争，人民渴望和平。应选：Co【点评】名词的用法比拟广泛，要在理解名词意思的基础上，根据具体语境，仔细分析, 完成试题。1. （2020 秋合肥期中）The art class gives us a to know about art from a
28、ll over the world.（ ）A. chanceB. promiseC. changeD. smile【考点】名词的词义辨析.【分析】艺术课使我们有机会了解世界各地的艺术。【解答】chance 机会;promise 允许;change 改变;smile 微笑。根据 know about art from all over the world”了解世界各地的艺术,可知，应该给我们一个“机会”。应选：Ao【点评】考查名词，要在理解名词意思的基础上，根据具体语境，掌握一些常识，选择 合适答案。2. （2020 秋瓯海区期中）-Sony I dont know how to say thi
29、s word.- - Never mind, I can tell you its? （）A. meaningB. spellingC. pronunciationD. grammar【考点】名词的词义辨析.【分析】一对不起。我不知道这个单词怎么说。-没关系，我可以告诉你它的发音吗？【解答】meaning含义；spelling拼写；pronunciation发音;grammar语法。根据”我不知 道这个单词怎么说“可知”我可以告诉你它的发音吗？ ”应选：Co【点评】了解各选项的含义及用法，根据语境选择合适的选项。3. (2020 秋新邱区期中)Please give me some on ho
30、w to learn English.()A. adviceB. messageC. ideaD. things【考点】名词的词义辨析.【分析】请给我一些如何学习英语的建议。【解答】advice 建议；message 消息；idea 想法；things 东西。根据 how to learn English 如何学习英语”可知，应该给我一些”建议、应选：Ao【点评】考查名词，要在理解名词意思的基础上，根据具体语境，掌握一些常识，选择 合适答案。4. (2020 秋苍南县期中)-I cant read this word. Can you tell me its right ?-SoiTy, Im
31、 not sure. Lets listen to the tape.()A. spellingB. grammarC. meaningD. pronunciation【考点】名词的词义辨析.【分析】-我不会读这个单词，你能告诉我它的正确发音吗？-对不起，我没把握，让我们听一下这个磁带吧。【解答】spelling拼读，拼写，grammar语法，meaning意思，pronunciation发音，根据 题意，我不会读这个单词，你能告诉我它的发音吗，可知只有pronunciation符合题意。 应选：Do【点评】掌握名词的含义和用法，根据题意选出正确答案。5. (2020 秋河西区期中)Tianj
32、in has a of over fifteen million.()A. populationB. countrysideC. mountainD. society【考点】名词的词义辨析.【分析】天津有一千五百多万人口。【解答】population人口，countryside乡下，农村，mountain山，society社会，根据题意， 天津有一千五百多万人口，可知只有population符合题意。应选：Ao【点评】掌握名词的含义和用法，根据题意选出正确答案。6. (2020 秋旅M页 口 区期中)Watching football at home is easier than going
33、to the.( )A. hillB. roadC. theatreD. stadium【考点】名词的词义辨析.【分析】在家里看足球比赛比去体育场容易。【解答】hill山;road道路；theatre戏院；stadium体育场。根据”看足球比赛”可知应该去“体育场”。应选：Do【点评】了解各选项的含义及用法，根据语境选择合适的选项。7. (2020 秋旅顺 口区期中)If you want to know more about the basketball match, you can lookat the on the wall.()A. showB. noticeC. novelD. no
34、tebook【考点】名词的词义辨析.【分析】如果你想了解更多关于篮球比赛的情况，你可以看看墙上的通知。【解答】show表演；notice通知；novel小说；notebook笔记本。根据”如果你想了解更 多关于篮球比赛的情况“可知”你可以看看墙上的通知”。应选：Bo【点评】了解各选项的含义及用法，根据语境选择合适的选项。8. (2019 秋老边区期中)It is too late. Im afraid we have no but to take a taxihome.()A. ideaB. adviceC. chanceD. choice【考点】名词的词义辨析.【分析】太晚了.恐怕我们除了打
35、车回家别无他选.【解答】idea想法；advice建议；chance机会；choice选择.根据语境可知因为太晚了，所以除了打车回家没有其他选择.应选：D.【点评】名词词义辨析题一般通过句意或语境来考查，因此我们要牢固掌握课标要求的 基本词汇，再根据上下句语境进行选择.9. (2020 秋和平区校级期中)Could you give me some on how to spend the comingholiday?()A. newsB. hobbiesC. knowledge D. advice【考点】名词的词义辨析.【分析】你能给出一些建议关于如何度过即将来临的假期？【解答】A表示新闻、消
36、息，B表示爱好，C表示知识，D表示建议。根据题干中on how to spend the coming holiday可知此处询问能否给自己一些关于如何度过即将来临假期的 建议，那么D选项符合题意。应选：Do【点评】此题考查名词辨析，基础题，熟悉选项的含义，再根据题干即可作出选择。10. (2020 秋瑶海区期中)-Why do so many foreign companies want him to work for them ?-He can speak both English and French. Its certainly his.()A. situationB. choiceC
37、. advantage D. problem【考点】名词的词义辨析.【分析】-为什么那么多外国公司希望他为他们工作？-他能说英语和法语。这当然是他的优势。【解答】situation 情况；choice 选择；advantage 优势；problem 问题。根据 He can speak both English and French”他能说英语和法语”可知，应该是优势，应选：Co【点评】考查名词，要在理解名词意思的基础上，根据具体语境，掌握一些常识，选择 合适答案。11. (2020 秋瑶海区期中)-Why not explain the rules of the games to every
38、one? If so, we can understand the game better.-Thank you for your.()A. planB. wishC. adviceD. suggest【考点】名词的词义辨析.【分析】-为什么不向大家解释一下游戏规那么呢？如果是这样，我们就能更好地理解 游戏了。-谢谢你的建议。【解答】plan 计划；wish 希望;advice 建议；suggest 建议。根据 Why not explain the rules of the games to everyone?”为什么不向大家解释一下游戏规那么呢？ ”可知，应该谢谢你的” 建议二应选：Co【
39、点评】考查名词，要在理解名词意思的基础上，根据具体语境，掌握一些常识，选择 合适答案。12. (2020 秋市中区期中)Can you give me on how to learn English well? ()A. some pieces of advicesB some piece of advicesC some pieces of advice【考点】不可数名词；量词.【分析】你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗？【解答】advice建议,不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除答案A和B, a piece of advice 一那么建议，some pieces of advice 几贝lj
40、 建议，应选：Co【点评】考查量词和不可数名词。首先理解句子的意思，掌握不可数名词数量的表达法, 如a piece of一贝I ,piece可数名词，some pieces of几那么 ，advice建议，不可数 名词，根据语境选择合适的答案。13. (2020 秋济阳区期中)I hope Miss Li can give me some on how to learnEnglish.()A. scoresB. homeworkC. plansD. advice【考点】不可数名词.【分析】我希望李老师能给我一些学习英语的建议.【解答】scores 分数.homework 作业.plans 计戈
41、advice 建议.根据 how to learn English* 如何学英语”可知，应该是给我一些“建议，用advice.应选：D.【点评】名词的用法比拟广泛，要在理解名词意思的基础上，根据具体语境，仔细分析,完成试题.二.词汇应用(共1小题)15.(2020碑林区校级模拟)many, present, it, zoo, because, what, only, China, besides, national, actor With its black - white coat, the animal is one of the most precious (珍贵的) animals i
42、n the world. It is native to China, proudly called the (1) national treasure. (2) _Its name is Panda. The name of “Panda now refers to (指的是) the giant panda.In China, (3) besides the Great Wall and the Terracotta Army, the giant panda also attracts (吸引)the world - wide tourists.As the most famous an
43、imal of (4) China the giant panda appears in the logo (标 志)of the World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF). It also has (5) more chances than other animals to be the mascot (吉祥物)of international games held in China. And it shows up as an (6) actor on the big screen, such as Kung Fu Panda.The giant panda
44、 is regarded as the symbol of peace. In Japanese history records, the Tang Dynasty (朝代)sent a couple of bears and seventy pieces of fur (毛皮)as national (7) presents to Japan. The *two bears were giant pandas.One female panda usually has (8) only one baby, and it is not easy for wild pandas to have t
45、wins anyway- If you want to see them, you*d better go to Chengdu. Why?(9)Because the main breeding (繁育)centers were built around this area. Certainly some city(10) zoos also have giant pandas, such as Beijing Zoo, Chongqing Zoo, etc.The giant pandas are so lovely creatures (生物). More and more people become fans of them.【考点】选词填空.【分析】短文主要介绍了中国的国宝-大熊猫.【解答】1. national,考查形容词，句意：它原产于中国，自豪地被称为“国宝”，使用形 容词national修饰形容词treasure,故答案为national.2. Its,考查代词，句意：它的名字是熊猫，使用形容词性物主代词its,修饰名词name, 故答案为Its.3. besides,考查介词，句意：在中国，除了长城和兵马俑，大熊猫也吸引了全世界的游