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1、Unit 2 Section II夯基提能作业一、语言基础训练I .单词拼写1. （2020全国 I 卷）A study conducted （conduct） in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.解析：考查过去分词。a study与conduct之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。句 意：例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市中较绿色的地区犯罪率较低。故填 conducted o2. （2020江苏卷）The daily
2、number of newly cured （cure） and discharged（出院）patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.解析：考查过去分词。用and连接两个并列的过去分词cured和discharged作定语。句 意：日新治愈出院病例数超过新确诊病例数。故填cured。3. （2020天津卷）Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted （target） to various age groups.解析：考查过去分词。过去分词短语targeted
3、to作定语，修饰ses-sionso句意：图书 馆经常会针对不同年龄段的人举办阅读小组会议。故填targeted。4. （2020全 国 II 卷）Surrounded（surround） by green trees, the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.解析：考查过去分词。主语the farm与surround之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。 句意：农场位于我们学校附近的山脚下，四周被绿树环绕。故填Surrounded。5. （2020全国HI卷）Filled （fill） with curiosity
4、, the artist packed his bags and left.解析：考查过去分词。主语theartist与fill之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。句 意：满怀好奇心，这位艺术家收拾行囊出发了。故填Filled。6. （2019J匕京卷）Earth Day, marked （mark） on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.解析：考查非谓语动词。Earth Day和mark之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语, 这相当于一个
5、非限制性定语从句。故填marked。7. （2018天津卷）1 need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken （take）.解析：考查过去分词作宾补。句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本 句是have sth. done结构，意为“让别人做某事,使某事完成“。my photograph与take之间 是被动关系。故填过去分词taken。8. .（2017-浙江卷）Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept （sweep）
6、 into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden.解析：考查过去分词作表语。根据空前的got及语境可知，此处应填sweep的过去分词 形式swept,意为“被扫进”。故填swept。9. (2015陕西卷改编)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take) good care of at home.解析：考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语。句意：李医生在非洲进行了两年
7、的医疗服务回 来后，看到母亲在家里受到很好的照顾，他很高兴。非谓语动词take与his mother之间构 成被动关系。故填过去分词taken。10. (2014安徽卷改编)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote)， Henry did his best to perform his duty.解析：考查过去分词作表语。句意：当等待着机会被提升的时候，亨利尽全力履行好他 的职责。get promoted 升职；晋升；得到提拔”为系表结构的固定短语。故填promoted。H.完成句子1. It is said that
8、 listening to music makes a person feel relaxed when he is tired .据说，当一个人疲劳时，听音乐能够让他感到放松。2. The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。3. Besides the tips already mentioned in Che article , she advises people not to put things in piles.除了文章中已经提到的建议外，她还建议人们不
9、要把东西堆放在一起。4. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time spent with his students .Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。5. The new apartment built a few months ago is large enough to accommodate 200 people.几个月前建造的那个新公寓足够大，能容纳二百人。6. We must have the work finished before the hurricane comes.我们必须在飓风到来
10、之前完成这项工作。7. English is a language shared by several diverse cultuses .英语是一种被几种不同的文化所共享的语言。8. Grown in rich soil , these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。9. Hangzhou, known to the nation for its West Lake, has changed greatly.以西湖闻名全国的杭州已发生了很大变化。10. It is obvious that the flowers that her frie
11、nds gave her as a gift will die unless watered .很明显，除非浇水，否那么她朋友送给她作为礼物的花就会死。二、培优提升训练I .阅读理解Kangaroos have long been a nuisance to many Australian farmers. Keeping these kinds of animals away from their crops and water supplies has become a continuous fight. A traditional way has been a series of the
12、 huge screaming（尖叫）from loudspeakers. Researchers have found that kangaroos often become used to these man-made sounds and take little notice of them.Australian farmers could be about to get an unusual new weapon（武器）to protect their crops from kangaroos. Researchers in Melbourne have found that kang
13、aroos can be frightened away by the loud sound of their own large feet. It appears to be quite a breakthrough. This is the noise these animals make when they feel danger before running away quickly. Using the animals own alarm system could be what angry farmers have been looking for.Animal rights pr
14、otectors are happy about this new finding. When people complain that the number of kangaroos has risen quickly, they say that a large number of kangaroos have been killed or injured on Australian roads by cars and trucks.Also, they dont want several million to be shot dead every year by human beings
15、. Researchers, who are hoping to develop their footstep sound technology, believe it could also be used to lead kangaroos away from busy highways. The protectors are in favor of this solution which can prevent kangaroos from being harmed and also please the farmers.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种在保护袋鼠的前提下驱赶袋鼠
16、的新方法。1. What problem do kangaroos bring to Australian farmers?DA. Breaking into houses.B. Making noises.C. Frightening farmers.D. Destroying crops.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Keeping these kinds of animals away from their crops and water supplies has become a continuous fight.以及第二段“to protect their crops from ka
17、ngaroos”等内容可知，在澳大利亚，袋鼠经常破坏农民的庄稼。应选D。2. What is the new way to drive away kangaroos? CA. Cutting off water supplies.B Killing them with guns.C. Using the sound of their own footstep.D. Sending man-made sound through loudspeakers.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知研究者发现袋鼠会被自己的脚步声吓跑，因此用这 种声音驱逐袋鼠很有效。应选C。3. Why do animal r
18、ights protectors agree with this new solution? CA. Because it costs less.B - Because they prefer new technology.C. Because its a prevention-and-protection way.D. Because it can help reduce the traffic accidents.解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后可知用袋鼠的脚步声驱逐袋鼠既能保护袋鼠不被农民 杀害又能解决袋鼠破坏庄稼的问题，让农民们高兴。这是一种预防和保护的方法。应选C。n .完形填空Mos
19、t of us go through some hardships in life. But few things match the 1. C brought upon people by the genocide （种族灭绝）of Jews during World War II and its still 2. D people nowadays. Luckily, today9s story has a happy 3. A for two men and their families. The two cousins 4. B got to meet after being sepa
20、rated 75 years ago during the holocaust （大屠 杀）.Morris and Simon were best friends as kids 5. B the Nazis invaded their country Romania in 1940. However, their families lost 6. A as they didnt flee the country together. Both grew up believing the other died. Until some time ago their children 7. D th
21、e two families on Facebook.Morris9 niece came across Simons daughter while 8. A for relatives online only to find out that Simon is 9.Cin the UK. Morris settles in Israel. It took some timebuttheyorganized a 10. Cfor the two long-lost men in Tel Aviv, Israel. Someone recorded avideo ofthis emotional
22、 meetingand 11. B it online, leaving people all over the world 12.D.13. A the fact thatboth men are in their 80s, they plan to keep in touch andseeeachother often, reconstructing the beautiful 14. C they had as children. And it will surely not 15 . D with time.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两个老人在75年后再续从前的友谊。因为
23、纳粹的入侵，Morris和Simon这两个儿时的好朋友，被迫离开家园，从此别离，再也没有 联系，而且都以为对方已经过世。一次偶然的机会，他们的下一代取得联系并得知他们都还 活着，所以在以色列让他们重聚。两位老人虽然已经80多岁，但决定以后都要保持联系， 并且经常见面。1. A. gainsB. embarrassmentC. sufferingsD. hope解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是几乎没有什么能够比得上二战给犹太人带来种族 灭绝的那种苦难，这种苦难现在仍然影响着人们。A. gains收获；B. embarrassment尴尬； C. sufferings 苦难；D. hope 希望
24、。根据上文的“Most of us go through some hardships in life.” 可知此处用“苦难”符合语境，hardship和suffering是同义词复现。应选C项。2. A. encouragingB. reachingC. leadingD. affecting解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. encouraging鼓励；B. reaching到达；C. leading 通向；D. affecting影响。结合常识可知，纳粹给犹太人带来的苦难，影响了他们几代人。 应选D项。3. A. endingB. plotC. backgroundD. desig
25、n解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，今天的故事对于两个人和他们的家人来说 有一个幸福的结局。A. ending结局；B. plot情节；C. background背景；D.design设计。 根据下文的“The two cousins 4 got to meet after being separated 75 years ago during the holocaust （大屠杀）.“可知两兄弟在75年后见面了，这是个幸福的结局。应选A项。4. A. hurriedlyB. eventuallyC. suddenlyD. unwillingly解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：这两兄弟最终
26、在分开75年后见面了。A. hurriedly 匆忙地；B. eventually最终；C. suddenly突然;D. unwillingly不乐意地。根据下文的uafter being separated 75 years ago during the holocaust （大屠杀）”可知此处用“最终”符合语境。故 选B项。5. A. sinceB. beforeC. butD. though解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：在1940年纳粹入侵他们的国家罗马尼亚前，Morris 和Simon从小就是最好的朋友。A. since自从；B. before之前；C. but但是；D. though
27、 尽管。根据下文“they didnt flee the country together”可知他们后来分开了，所以此处讲述的 是纳粹入侵之前的事情。应选B项。6. A. contactB. relationC. newsD. approach解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而他们的家人失去了联系，因为他们没有一起逃出 罗马尼亚。A. contact联系；B. relation关系；C. news新闻；D. approach方法，途径。 根据下文的“they didnt flee the country together”可知此处用“失去联系”符合语境。应选A 项。7. A. foundB.
28、respondedC. calledD. reconnected解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到不久前他们的孩子在Facebook上重新联系到两 个家庭。A. found 发现；B. responded 回答；C. called 打 ；D. reconnected 重新联系。 根据下文的“they plan to keep in touch and see each other often”可知两个老人取得了联系，由 此推测，他们的孩子使两个家庭重新联系上了。应选D项。8. A. searchingB. askingC. hopingD. waiting解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Morr
29、is的侄女在网上寻找亲人时偶遇了 Simon的女 儿，意外发现Simon还活着，就住在英国。A. searching搜索；B. asking请求；C. hoping 希望；D. waiting等待。根据上文的Facebook和下文的online可知此处用“搜索”符合语 境。应选A项。9. A. happyB. sociableC. aliveD. safe解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. happy快乐的；B. sociable合群的；C. alive 活着的；D. safe平安的。根据上文的“Both grew up believing the other died.”可知此处用“
30、活 着的”符合语境，die和alive是反义词复现。应选C项。10. A. partyB. dinnerC. reunionD. travel解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管费了一些时间，他们为这两位失去联系多年的老 人在以色列的Tel Aviv组织了一次重聚。A. party聚会；B. dinner晚餐；C.reunion重聚； D.travel旅行。根据上文的the two long-lost men可知此处用“重聚”符合语境。应选C 项。11. A. mailedB. sharedC. donatedD. supplied解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人用视频记录下了这个激动人心的会
31、面，并提供到 了网上，让全世界流下了感动的泪水。A. mailed邮寄；B. shared提供；C. donated捐赠； D.supplied提供。根据下文的“it online”可知，此处是指把视频提供到了网上。应选B项。12. A. in silenceB. in doubtC. in panicD. in tears解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意同上题。A. in silence安静地；B. in doubt怀疑地；C. in panic恐慌地；D. in tears流着泪。结合上下文可知，此处是指两个老人75年后重聚的场面 让人们流下了感动的泪水。应选D项。13. A. Despite
32、B. BeyondC. ThoughD. In case of解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管两位老人都80多岁了，但他们打算保持联系， 并且经常见面，重建他们儿时美好的友谊。A. Despite尽管；B. Beyond超过；C. Though 尽管；D. Incaseof以防。结合上下文可知，此处是指尽管年龄很大了，但两位老人还是决 定要保持联系。though也有此意，但它是连词，而此处需要介词。应选A项。14. A. wishesB. understandingC. friendshipD. ideas解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. wishes愿望；B. understand
33、ing理解； C. friendship 友谊；D. ideas 主意。根据上文的“Morris and Simon were best friends as kids” 可知此处用“友谊”符合语境。应选C项。15. A. passB. comeC. showD. decline解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：并且他们的友谊肯定不会随着时光的流逝而衰退。 A. pass经过；B. come来；C. show展示；D. decline消退。结合上下文可知，两位老人 的友谊在75年后还保持不变，那么在将来也不会随着时间而消退。应选D项。HL语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词
34、的正确形式。From the Roman Warm Period to the Little Ice Age that began in the 14th century, periods of hot and cold weather 1. have extended (extend) for centuries.As a result, many have argued that the current period of global warming 2. is (be) part of a natural pattern and the human role in creating 3
35、. 近 has been exaggerated.This new study suggests that is not 4. the case.Scientists reconstructed the major climate events of the past 2,000 years by looking around 700 records, tree rings, ice cores and lake sediments(沉淀物)5. included (include). Not one single event affected as much of the world 6.
36、纯 the present period of warming is now doing.Other scientists 7. who/that have looked at the study have been impressed by the quality of the research.The researchers involved argue that the new 8. findings (finding) reveal many theories put forward by climate scientists 9. to explain (explain) the r
37、ise in temperatures, including changes in solar activity.The current period of climate change is mainly down to humans, they insist.Natural causes, they say, are 10. simply (simple) not sufficient to explain the warming scene over the last century and a half.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。新研究说明过去2000年的主要气候事件中，没有一件 像
38、目前的气候变暖对世界的影响那么大。参与其中的研究人员认为，新的发现揭示了气候科 学家提出的许多理论，这些理论解释了气温上升，包括太阳活动的变化。解析：1 .考查时态。由时间状语for centuries可知本句应用现在完成时态，主语为periods, 谓语动词用复数形式。故填have extended。2 .考查主谓一致及时态。该句主语the current period为单数且整个句子描述的是当前 的情况，故用一般现在时。故填is。3 .考查代词。空处指代宾语从句中的主语the current period of global warming o故填it。4 .考查冠词。固定短语it/thi
39、s/that is(not) the case表示“事实就是(并非)如此“。故填 the。5 .考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知include在句中作非谓语动词，且上文tree rings, ice cores and lake sediments(沉淀物)与include构成动宾关系，此处表示它们都被包含在700 records内,应用过去分词includedo故填includedo6 .考查连词。句意：没有一件事像目前的气候变暖一样对世界的影响那么大。固定结 构asas表示和样。故填as。7 .考查定语从句。本句为定语从句，修饰先行词other scientists,且先行词在从句中作 主语，指人，应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。8 .考查名词的数。finding为可数名词，根据后文谓语reveal为动词原形，可知此处应 用复数形式。故填findings。9 .考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知explain在句中作非谓语动词，且此处应用动词 不定式表目的，即气候科学家提出的许多理论是为了解释气温上升，包括太阳活动的变化。 故填 to explain o10 .考查副词。句意：他们说，自然原因根本缺乏以解释过去一个半世纪全球变暖的现 象。simply用于强调，表示“简直，根本”。故填simply。