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1、2020届中考语法专练之特殊句式讲解及配套真题专练1 反意疑问句：也叫附加疑问句，是在陈述句的后面加一个简短问句，对陈述句所说的事实或者观点提出疑问或希望陈述句部分内容得到证实。结构为“肯定陈述句+否定问句+?”或“否定陈述句+肯定问句+？”。例如：You are coming, arent you? 你会来的，是吗？You cant swim, can you? 你不会游泳，对吗？Her brother went to college last year, didnt he? 她哥哥去年上的大学，是不是？注意：陈述部分的主句带有no, never, nothing, nowhere, har
2、dly, seldom, few, little等否定词或半否定词时，附加问句用肯定形式。例如：You hardly speak English, do you? 你几乎不能说英语，对吗？They have few friends here, do they? 他们在这里几乎没有朋友，对吗？There be句型的反意疑问句，其附加问句仍用there。There will be a party tomorrow, wont there? 明天有个晚会，是不是？陈述部分是一个主从复合句，附加问句一般要和主句一致。但是当陈述部分是“Im sure, Im afraid, I (dont) think
3、 / believe +宾语从句”结构时，附加问句应与从句一致，而且要注意否定转移现象。He said he was late for class, didnt he? 他说他上课迟到了，是吗？I dont think he is good at math, is he? 我认为他不擅长数学，是不是这样？（否定转移）反意疑问句的答语一般要根据事实用yes或no引导的简单问句回答，汉语的翻译有时和英语不一致。例如：She cant swim, can she? 她不会游泳，对吗？Yes, she can. 不，她会。You werent here yesterday, are you? 你昨天没
4、有在这里，对吗？No, I wasnt. 是，我不在。2.感叹句：表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫感叹句。感叹句的末尾用感叹号。句子开头经常用what或者how。1）How在感叹句中可以修饰形容词、副词、或整个句子等。例如：How beautiful the skirt is! 这条裙子多漂亮呀！How tall your brother is！你的哥哥多高呀！How time flies! 时间过得真快呀！2）what在感叹句可以修饰名词。如果名词是可数名词的单数形式，用whata/an（形容词）名词主语谓语！如果是不可数名词或者可数名词的复数形式用What（形容词）名词主语谓语！例如：Wha
5、t a tall boy your brother is! 你哥哥是一个多么高的男孩！What beautiful pictures they are! 那些图画多美丽呀！注意：what和how引导的感叹句有时可以互换，但是要注意词序的变化。例如：他是多聪明的孩子！What a clever boy he is! = How clever a boy he is!= How clever the boy is! 3倒装句式（1） so + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语表示“也是这样”，用于描述谓语所说情况也适用于另一个人或另一个事物，只能用在肯定句，注意上、下句所使用的动词的时态要一致。如
6、：You can ride a bike. So can I. 你会骑自行车，我也会。 He has been to Beijing. So have I. 他去过北京，我也去过。Lin Ping was there last night. So was everyone else in my class. 林平昨晚在那里，我们班其他人昨晚也都在那里。He saw the snake, and so did I. 他看见那条蛇了，我也看到了。注意：上句中前句谓语动词是行为动词，所以后句中要加助动词did。就像行为动词变疑问句一样，句子如果有be、助动词（如：have，will等）和情态动词（如
7、：can，must等），就把这些词放在另一个主语前；如果没有，就要加do，does或did。辨析：so主语be/ 助动词/ 情态动词，此句型不是倒装句，只是单纯地重复前面一句的意思，表示“的确如此、就是这样”。如：My little brother can swim in the sea. 我的小弟弟能在大海里游泳。So he can. 的确如此。He gets up very early. 他起得真早。So he does. 确实很早。（2） neither/ nor + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语表示“也不这样”。用法和句型so + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语一样，只是意义上表
8、示否定。如：The first one isnt good, and neither is the second. 第一个不好，第二个也不好。They didnt come last night. Nor did I. 他们昨天晚上没有来，我也没有来。（3） 以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子。为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。这时的主语必须是名词，主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 Here it comes. 它来了
9、。In came our teacher. 我们老师进来了。Out rushed the boys. 男孩子们冲了出去。（4） 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do。如：Under a big tree sat a fat man, half asleep. 树下坐着一个胖男人，似乎睡着了。（5） there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示“存在”的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie等动词代替be。如：There cam
10、e shouts for help from the river. 从河里传来了呼救声。There lies a large wheat field in front of the house. 房子前面是一大片麦田。 真题链接：1. -It is said that 5G is coming. It will improve our life great! (2019.江苏淮安) - _ amazing it is! A. What anB. How aC. WhatD. How2. _ exciting news it is! Beijing will hold 2022 Winter O
11、lympic Games. (2019甘肃天水) A. What an B. What C. How D. How an3._usefultheinformationyouveprovidedis! （2019甘肃敦煌)A.Whata B.What C.Whatan D.How4. _ smart the driverless car is! I really want to have one. (2019广东)A. WhatB. What aC. What anD. How5Look at my new dressWow! _beautiful it is!(2019广西北部湾)AHowBH
12、ow aCWhatDWhat a6.Peter has made great progress in English recently. (2019甘肃天水) . He has been studying so hard these days. A. So have he B. So he has C. So he have D. So has he7. There is nothing left in the fridge, _? (2019甘肃天水). _Lets go to the supermarket to buy some. A. is there; Yes B. isnt the
13、re; Yes C. is there; No D. isn t there; No8. Wow! _clean air we have today!Yes. Look! A lot of adults are doing Kung fu over there. (2019广西玉林)A. How B. What a C. How a D. What 9. -Have you seen the hot film Wandering Earth_?（2019 贵州安顺） -Yes, I have._ wonderful science fiction movie it is! A. yet,How
14、 a B.already ,How C. yet, What a D. already, What10. -Wang Bin has never stopped smoking, _ he? - _, he hasnt. Although his wife always advises him not to. （2019 贵州安顺） A. has, Yes B. hasnt, Yes C. has, No D. hasnt, No11Steven had nothing for breakfast this morning，？NoBecause he had a fever(2019 贵州 黔
15、南州)Ahadnt heBhad heCdidnt heDdid he12_hardworking boy Zhou Bin is!Yes I m sure hell pass the test(2019 海南)AWhat aBWhatCHow13.Lucy,lookatthestarsinthesky._!A.WhatbrightitisB.HowbrighttheyareC.Whatbrighttheyare14. _ song the little girl sings! (2019黑龙江绥化)A. What a sweetB. How a sweetC. What sweet15. I
16、f you take a vacation this summer, so _ I. (2019黑龙江绥化)A. willB. doC. am16. - He didntgoto school,didhe? -,_, though he had a stomachache. (2019湖北黄石) A. No, he didnt B.Yes, he didnt C.Yes, he did D.No, he did17. _ exciting news it is 1 3D一printed houses will come out! (2019湖北黄石) A.What B.What an CHow
17、 D，How an18_ fun it is to have a field trip on the Orange Island!（2019湖南长沙）AWhatBWhat aCHow19. -_ different life is today! (2019湖南邵阳) -Yeah. We are allliving a happy and rich life now.A. What a B. HowC. What20. -beautiful song it is! （2019吉林）-Yes. It is Taylor Swifts new song.A. How B. What C. What
18、a21. -_wonderful the music is! Whats its name? (2019江苏宿迁) -Victory.A. HowB. How a C. WhatD. What a22. Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. _great courage he showed! (2019呼和浩特) A. What a B. What C. How a D. How 23. specialclasses we had!We have learneda lotaboutpapercutting. (2019山东青
19、岛)A.WhatB.WhataC.HowaD.How24. I m tired out after three-day work day and night. (2019江苏扬州) _ relax yourself? Go out and enjoy the natural beauty. A. Why not B. Why dont C. What about D. Shall we25. -One of the hosts of The Point named Liu Xin graduated from our school, didnt she? - _ My English teac
20、her taught her before. （2019江苏镇江） A. Yes, she was. B. No, she wasnt. C. Yes, she did. D. No, she didnt.26Lookatthebluesky_fineweatheritis!（2019辽宁省葫芦岛）AHowBHowaCWhatDWhata27. _ fine weather it is! (2019四川广元)A. What aB. HowC. What 28. All of my classmates have passed the English test. (2019新疆生产建设兵团) exciting the news is!A. How B. What C. What an D. How an答案:1.DBDDA 6.BDBCC 11.DABAA 16.CACBC 21.ABAAC 26.CCA