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1、2020届中考语法专练之名词及名词短语讲解及配套真题一名词名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-e
2、sleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes
3、, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不规则名词复数：英
4、语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, 4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple, group, governmen
5、t, population, team, public, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishm
6、en, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsIII. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys fat
7、her, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas p
8、roblems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示时间todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然现象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群体the ships crew, majoritys vie
9、w, the teams victory5表示度量衡及价值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定词组a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year st
10、udents用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 1. Betty has a beautiful _. She wants to be a singer in the future. (2019.江苏淮安) A. voice B. look C. noise D. sound2.- What should we do for the camping trip? - Wed better make a of things like foods, drinks, medicine and so on. （2019福建）A. listB. cardC. rep
11、ort3. Which word goes with the sound?(2019甘肃兰州)A. snackB. smileC. stateD. snake4. Look! They are . (2019甘肃天水)Yes. We are proud of them.A. man scientist B. women scientists C. woman scientists D.man scientists5-Here is my family_.We took it last year. 2019甘肃敦煌)A.member B.name C.photo D.house6（1分）Id l
12、ike some_and_（2019广西百色）Abanana； tomatoBbananas； tomatoCbananas； tomatoesDbanana； tomatoes7（1分）In China， the color red is the _of good luck (2019广西北部湾)AdreamBwayCsymbolDreason8（1分）The air is very fresh in our city There is less than beforeYes The government has taken action to protect the environment
13、 (2019广西贵港)AwoodBpollutionCnoiseDwater9. Im not hungry at all because I have just had much _.(2019 广西 柳州) A. bread B. pearsC. eggs10（1分）Jane is very thirsty， so she needs some (2019 贵州 黔南州)AwaterBbreadCcakesDrice11（1分）My cousin and I often walk to the_to see pandas on weekends (2019 海南)AbankBzooCmar
14、ket12（1分）Would you please_your email address？ I missed it just now(2019 海南)No problemIts fox163comArepeatBreviewCrecord13. I like this song. Its by one of my favorite_.(2019河北)A. singers B. dancers C. painters D. writers14For his sons birthday, Steven is taking him to the new movie as a . (2019 河南)A
15、. taskB. treatC.choiceD. visit15.The problems are difficult to solve.Please give me _.(2019黑龙江大庆)B= A. many advice B.some advice C. an advice D.some advices16.Timgotfour _ fromhisrelativesonChildrensDay. A. toyB. toysC. toies17. Journey to the West is a traditional _ book. It has been translated int
16、o different languages. A. AmericanB. BritishC. Chinese18. Igorunning every day.Wow! Thats a good _. It keeps you healthy. (2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔) A. taskB. exerciseC. habit19. Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do? Im afraid that we have no_ but Io take a Laxi, (2019湖北黄冈) A. idea B. decisi
17、on C. reason D. choice20. - More and more foreigners come to visit the Gfeat Wall. -Tnats true. It is the_of China_(2019湖北黄石) A. praise B,pride C,effort D.courage21. Creative morning_ are popularin our school. (2019 湖北咸宁)Yes，we dance to fun music, such as the song Calorie(卡路里). A. exams B. exercises
18、 C.examples D.expressions22. Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Kungfu. (2019 湖北咸宁) Thats true. Its an important part of Chinese_. A. invention B.story C. culture D. custom23.Dad, what is the loudspeaker saying? （2019湖北武汉） It is to the. The flight to Wuhan is boarding now.
19、A. customers B. passengers C. members D. tourists24一Everyone should stick to his dream. 一Yes. A life without a dream is like a bird without _, which cant fly. (2019 湖北孝感) A. wings B. water C. clouds D. food25. -I know little about this product. (2019湖南郴州) -Surf the Internet, and you will get much _a
20、bout it.A. information B. message C. suggestion26. We should brush our _ every day. （2019湖南岳阳）A. toothB. teethC. hand27. Which underlined letter pronounces differently from the others?（2019江苏省连云港） A. planet B. camping C. rabbit D. shape28. On April 24, Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the _110-meter hurd
21、les at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar（2019江苏省连云港） A. man B. men C. mens D. mens29. US scientist Edward T. Hall said that in a conversation between two people, 65% of _ is done through body language. （2019江苏省连云港） A. application B. pronunciation C. introduction D. communication30. High-spe
22、ed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great of China. （2019南通江苏） A. Achievements B. Agreements C. Environments D. Instruments31. - Keep quiet! I need complete_ when Im working. （2019江苏苏州） -Sorry, dad. I wont make any noise again. A. trust B. silence C. control D. strength32. Anna, how does the d
23、ress look on me? (2019江苏宿迁)-To tell you the _, it doesnt fit you well.A. tradeB. trustC. truthD. treat33. My mother has a poor _of direction, so she is always afraid to go out alone. （2019江苏泰州） A. scene B. silence C. service D. sense34. Look at the two _over there. They are teaching the girls to pla
24、y the guitar. (2019湖南益阳) A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. woman teacher35. My daughter helps me cook, but she isnt old enough to be left alone in the _.（2019江西）A. bedroom B. classroom C. lab D. kitchen36. If I leave my house at 9 oclock and drive to the airport, Ill arrive at about 11. So its
25、about two _drive from my house to the airport. （2019山东临沂） A. hours B. hours C. hours37. After years of war, the people in Syria are thirsty for _.(2019山东滨州)A. priceB. noiseC. peaceD. course38. Lucy, how about going to the ?(2019山东青岛) Sounds great! Reading books can give us much pleasure.A. libraryB.
26、 cinemaC. museumD. concert39. The number of the people using Huawei _is getting larger and larger. (2019江苏盐城)A. culturesB. customersC. productsD. histories40. Im not sure what to write about The Secret Garden in the report. You should read some _ about the book before writing. (2019江苏扬州) A. reviews
27、B. reasons C. results D. rewards41. When I think of the worried _ of foreign students who are learning Chinese, I can go to study English calmly. （2019江苏镇江）A. looksB. designsC. effortsD. needs42. Schools are good places for students to get _and make friends.(2019辽宁抚顺)A. background B. knowledge C. at
28、tention D. competition43. The article gives students some_ about how to stay safe online.(2019辽宁本溪)A. suggestions B. activities C. decisions D. advantages44.WeChat（微信）is one of the most convenient ways of .（2019辽宁铁岭）A.information B.competitionC.communication D.pollution45. To keep our city beautiful
29、, theare always very busy in the streets. We shouldnt throw rubbish everywhere. （2019山西） A.policemenB.cleanersC. drivers46.Night Safari is an amazing _ and you can watch animals there at night. (2019四川广元)A. schoolB. zooC. hospital47. Upstairs are bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But are in a mess.
30、(2019四川眉山)A. Lilys and Lucys; our B. Lilys and Lucys; oursC. Lilys and Lucy; oursD. Lily and Lucys; our48. The food safety is a serious in many countries. People should try to solve it. (2019四川眉山)A. subjectB. programC. problemD. opinion49. The _of the 2019 Beijing International Horticultural Expo(园艺
31、博览会)is“Live Green, Live Better.” (2019云南昆明)A.symbol B.condition C.theme D.invention50. - Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our_?(2019浙江温州) - Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast. A. hotel B. school C. factory D. company51. One _ of the book is missing, so I cant learn the whole story. （2019重庆）A. copyB. pageC. writerD. reader答案：1. AADBC 6. CCBAA 11. BAABB 16. BCCDB 21. DCBAA 26.BDCDA 31. BCDAD 36. ACACA 41. ABACB 46. BBCCA 51.B