《（整理版高中英语）高中英语总复习经典易错题会诊与试题预测考点4情态动词和虚拟语.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《（整理版高中英语）高中英语总复习经典易错题会诊与试题预测考点4情态动词和虚拟语.doc（20页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、高中英语总复习经典易错题会诊与试题预测 考点4情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词的词义辨析情态动词在对话情景中的用法情态动词 + have + 过去分词结构虚拟语气的一些特殊句式情态动词的一些习惯用法含有情态动词的反意疑问句经典易错题会诊1.(典型例题徽)Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can 考场错解 D 专家把脉 这里表示“能够的can。根据后文“她还不是很肯定，那么应当是不肯定的语气may了。 对症下药 C2.(典型例题国) I often see li
2、ghts in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police?. A. should B. may C. will D. can 考场错解 D 专家把脉 此题的解题思路要从情态动词本身的意义和用法开始。按照情景，在空房子里看到灯光，是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事，所以会问:你是否认为我应当把这事情报告给警察?强调“应该，所以用should. 对症下药 A3.(典型例题 ) I _ pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A.
3、 should B. might C. would D. could考场错解 B“对可能发生事情的推测。 对症下药 A4.(典型例题庆) “The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall 考场错解 B或C专家把脉 句意为“法官宣布:按照双方协议，利息被分作五个局部。法官宣布的决定有法律效力，不得违背，而且表示说话人(及其所代表的一方)的决心、意志、允诺等，sha
4、ll用于第二、三人称时，有此用法。must可译作“必须，但只是一种主观要求，不具备shall的毋庸置疑的决定口气。 对症下药 D5.(典型例题 ) John, look at the time. _ you piano the piaho at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need 考场错解 B 专家把脉 根据句意“你一定要在这么晚的时候钢琴吗?应该填must。对症下药 A专家会诊情态动词的根本用法 I.can(could)1.表示体力或脑力方面的能力，或根据客观规定律能做某事的能力，意思是“能够。can表“能够 时，既可指将来，也可指
5、现在。be able to 在表示能 力时与can同义，但可用:于各种时态，强调通过努力克服困难成功地做某事，相当managed to do 或succeeded in doing.例如: No one can (is able to) finish such a difficult thing. He can speak English. I can go there now. With the help of the fire men ,the the trapped peopel was able to leave the burning buildung(不能用could)2.表示许可
6、、允许，在疑问句中表示 “请求，许可，否认句中表示 “不许，此时可与may通采用，有时cannot可以表示 “禁止，相当于“mustnt,例如:May(Can)I help you? That sort of thing cant go on ! You cant ( mustnt, are not allowed to ) play computer games again.3.表示推测，强调客观可能性“可能、会，can多用于疑问句和否认句，表示猜想时，情态动词后可用进行式或完成式。There comes a man. Who can it be?It must be our English
7、 teacher.No, it cant be him. He has gone to America!He cant have gone there alone.“能力“可能性“许可，为can的过去式。一般用于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，此时can，could并没有时间上的差异，只是 could的语气更客气些。答复时用原形答复。Could I borrow your English dictionary?Of course you can. Go ahead.may,might( might 为 may 的过去式) 1.表示许可，有“可以的意思，询问或说的一件事可不可以做，有时可以用ca
8、n互换。其否认式 may not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止等，常用must not =mustnt代替，may用于疑问句中，答复这种问题时，多防止用may，而用其他形式，以免显得口气太严峻或不客气。例如: Mum, may I go to the cinema tonight? Yes, you may. (No, you mustnt/ youd better not. ) 比拟:Yes, please/please dont.2.表推测、或许、可能的意思，表示一件事或许会发生，只用在陈述包中。例如: Her parents may come to see her tomorrow.3.may
9、句式用来表示祝愿。例如: May you succeed! = I hope you may succeed.May you be happy, healthy and wealthy!4.might是may的过去式，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事；主句谓语动词是过去时态时用 might不用may。might一般用于比may的口气委婉，或表示现实的可能性更小一些的语境中. 例如: Our teacher suggested a few books which I might buy.I wonder if I might buy some sugar now.1.表示必须要做的事，意为“必须，否
10、认式 mustnt表示“不应该，不许可，禁止等。因此，在答复带有must的问句时，不用mustnt，而用 neednt或donhave to.例如:Must I hand in the paper now?Yes,you must.No,you neednt./you dont have to.“必须时与have to相近，have to比拟强调客观的需要，must着重主观看法。另外 must不像have to那样能有更多的时态。例如:Tom, you must stay at home. (命令或叮嘱)I have to stay at home to look after my baby.
11、 (客观需要) 3.表推测，暗含很大的可能性，意为“一定只用于“肯定句中。例如:I think there must be a mistake. 4.偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事)。例如: Hey, beys Must you shout so loudly?1.用于二、三人称陈述句中。表示说话人给对方的命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等。在疑问句中，表示征询听话人是否愿意。例如:You shall have my answer tomorrow. (允许)He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告)You shall do as
12、 I tell you. (命令或分咐)Shall you go with me? (征询意见)2.用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。例如:Shall we begin our class?When shall my father be able to leave hospital? V. should 和 ought toshould表示劝告、建议常作“应当讲，与ought to有时可互换，ought to更注重一些责任义务。 should表示预测可能性，并译作“可能，(按道理)应该；而ought to那么表示非常可能。Should用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议
13、，ousht to可表示因责任、义务等该做的事。例如: We should (ought to) help each other in work.( ought to 的语气要强) They should come here now. (按道理应该到了) I am your teacher, I ought to help with your study.(表示有这个责任).will和wouldwill可以表示意愿、意志和决心，适用于各种人称。可以用来表示各种倾向或习惯动作。有时还用来表示“难免。其过去式是would，也可以是单独的情态动词，在表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法时，语气比will委婉
14、，肯定的答复时用will。例如: Dont worry. He will do his best. Where there is a will, there will be a success.(表示习惯) Accident will happen. ( 难免 ) Would you please do me a favor?考场思维训练1 Coffee be drunk while it is hot. A. shall B. must C. will D. ought to答案: D解析:这里ought to表示“劝告或推荐。2 Tell him that he have the book
15、 tomorrow afternoonA. shall B. will C. need D. dare答案: A解析:从句意判断，表示了“我的承诺。Shall用于第二、三人称表示“允诺、命令、警告的含义。3 I lived with my uncle this summer and I didnt have to pay rent. So I _ save most of my salary.A. could B. would C. was ableto D. should答案: C解析:Was able to表示“能够做什么而且已经做成。1.(典型例题 )Lucy doesnt mind l
16、ending you her dictionary. She .Ive already borrowed one. A. musnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 考场错解 A 专家把脉 前句是说“Lacy不介意把字典借给你用，后者说“我已经借了一本，所以是没有必要了，填 neednt符合语境。 对症下药 C2.(典型例题苏)I dont mind telling you what I know. You. Im not asking you for it. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 考场错解 A 专家把脉 前句话
17、说:我不介意告诉你我所知道的事情。后句说:你没有必要告诉我，我并没有向你问此事:、因此，是没有必要neednt，而不是禁止的mustnt. 对症下药 D3.(典型例题津 )Who is the girl standing over there?Well. If you _ know, her name is Mobile. A. may B. can C. must D. shall 考场错解 D 专家把脉 may表示“可以，can表示“能够，shall表示“应该，must表示“必须，一定，从句意来看:如果你一定要知道的话，(我就告诉你吧)她的名字是Mobile.那么只有must符合了。 对症
18、下药 C4.(典型例题)Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. cant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 考场错解 B 专家把脉 此题考查shall的用法，在否认陈述句中，shall用于第二、三人称表示说话人的意愿，如“威胁。语境说明:要填一个用于第二人称、表示说话者意图的情态动词。后句“要是你不细心使用，你就不可以 (cant)用我的电脑。 对症下药 A专家会诊情态动
19、词中三组表达方式的用法区别 1.would与used to的区别。在表示过去重复的习惯时，used to可用Would代替。used to强调过去的行为同现在的比照，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了的含义；而Would那么单纯表示过去的习惯动作，常与often，everyday连用，当只是表示过去的状态时，只能用used to.例如:They would have a drind in the bar at noon.Thy used to have a drink in the bar at noon.(现在右能不了)China is not what it used to be.(表示比照
20、，不能用would)Every evening,she would sit in frnt of the door to wait for her son .(表示过去的习惯动作，不能用used to)They used to be a temple on the to of the mountain.(表示过去的状态，不能用would)“宁愿做某事时，有以下句式结构:would rather do somethingwould do sth. rather than do sth.Would rather sb. did sth.prefer to do sth.Prefer to do s
21、th. Rather than do sth.prefer to do sth. to doing sth.may not,might not 或许不，可能不cant can not(= be not able to)不能说cant,can not 不可能may not,cant, can not, mustnt (= be not allowed to)不许可needt(= dont have to)不必shouldnt,oughtnt to (= be not supposed to)不应该考场思维训练1 Can I tell my best friend about it7 No, I
22、dont want anyone else to know it. You _ keep it to yourself.A. can B. need C. must D. may答案: C解析:后者的意思是不想别人知道，当然是“必须了。2 Would you like to have a taxi? No, I _ walk there. Its such a lovely day.A. can B. ought to C. had better D. would rather答案: D解析:从It“更愿意走到那儿。3 Mum,why are you here?Ive brought your
23、 camera. I thought you _ use it.A. can B. should C. might D. will答案: C解析:用might表示某种可能性。1.( 典型例题苏 ) The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. Oh, dear ! She _ a lot of difficulties ! A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through
24、 D. must have zone through 考场错解 C或A 专家把脉 按照语境是对过去可能发生事情的一种猜想，而表示现在的事情。选项C表示“应该做的事情而没有做的责备。 对症下药 D2.(典型例题)I 11 tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 考场错解 B或A 专家把脉 句意为:你上个星期就应该告诉她的。表示对过去应该做的事情但没有做的一种责备，那么只有D项符合了。 对
25、症下药 D3.(经典题)I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh,did you? You with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 考场易错 D 专家把脉 题干中did you这个信息说明了是一个表示疑问语气的句子，而D项是表示对过去事实的肯定推测，所以是错误的。could have done表示“应该(可以)做的但是没有做，符合语境。 对症下药 A4. (经典题) Oh, Im not feeling well in the
26、stomach.I _ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 考场错解 B 专家把脉 just now是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态动词+have+过去分词结构。所以只能在选项B或C中来确定答案。Mustnt have eaten是一个错误选项，因为mustnt + 动词表示“禁止，不表示判断或推测。全句意为:噢，我觉秘胃不舒服。我刚刚不应该吃那么多炸鸡。 对症下药 C5.(典型例题) D
27、o you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well. He have gone far-his coat is still here.A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt考场错解 B 专家把脉 根据后文“他的外套还在这儿，应该是不会走远。cant have done表示一种肯定语气的推测。 对症下药 C6.( 典型例题庆) I was on the high way when this car went past followed by a police car. They at l
28、east 150 km an hour. A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done 考场错解 C 专家把脉 此题是对过去发生事情的一种猜想，同时还强调警察追赶他时正在发生的情况，所以选B。 对症下药 B专家会诊小结:“情态动词 +过去分词用法1.must have done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事。例如:It must have rained last night, for the ground was quite mu
29、ddy.The lights were out. They must have been asleep.2.maymight have done表示对过去已经发生行为韵推测；意思是“也许；或许、已经(没有)。一般只用于肯定句或否认句中，不用于疑问句。用 might 表示语气更加不肯定。例如: Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed. He may not have finished the work. She might have caught a cold. 3.might have done表示“本来可能；，但实际上没有发生的事情。还可以
30、表示“本来应该或可以做某事的意思；有轻微的责备语气。例如: You should not have swum in that river. You might have been eaten by fish.You might have given him more help, though you were busy.4.could have done用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经的意义，也可以表示过去没有实现的可能性，意思为“本来可以。例如: You could have done better, but you were too careless. I went to New York l
31、ast summer and stayed at a hotel, but I could have stayed with my brother. I saw his father just now. He couldnt have gone to Shanghai.5.shouldougt to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，但实际上没做；用于否认句时，那么表示不该做的事反而做了。例如: You should/ ought to have come to the meeting earlier. He ought not to have treated his paren
32、ts like that. t have done表示本来不必去做的事但做了。但是didnt need to表示没有必要做而实际上也没有做。例如: You neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house. I didnt need to clean the room. My mother did it.have done和can not have done表示对过去发生的行为的疑心和不肯定。例如:He cannot have taken away the magazine.Can he have gone home
33、?考场思维训练1 Did Mary come to the party? I dont know. She while I was out.A. may have come B. must have come C. might come D. could come答案: A解析:would rather后的虚拟语气动词用过去式形式。2 We have been waiting for hours to see the famous pop singer, but the airplane behind the timetable.A. must be B. will beC. would ha
34、ve been D. must have been答案: D解析:从前面时态提示，可以推出是对过去事情的推测，同时表示肯定之意。3 My aunt here by now, for she took the early bus.A. must arrive B. can arrive C. may arrive D. ought to have arrived答案: D解析:从for she took the early bus推断到此刻为止应该到了，因此选D来表达她未到的遗憾之情。1.(典型例题北) If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to do, Id
35、like to go Tibet and travel through as much of if as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to 考场错解 A 专家把脉 受if条件虚拟语气的影响，会误选A，根据句意，如果“能够的话，当用could更符合语境。 对症下药 B 2.(经典题) You didnt let me drive. If we_turn, you so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. h
36、ad driven; wonldnt have got考场错解 A 专家把脉 主句、从句两个局部都表示与过去事实相反。 对症下药 D3.(经典题) When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken考场错解 B 根据语境这里用虚拟语气形式。 对症下药 C 考场错解 A4.(经典题) I would love _ to the party last night, but I had to work extra
37、 hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 专家把脉 题干的意思是:昨晚我本来很想去参加晚会的，但我不得不加班完成一个报告。表示与过去事实相反，所以用would love to have gone来代替would have gone. 对症下药 B专家会诊虚拟语气中的几种特殊情况在条件句中，可省略if把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。如果谓语动词是否认形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。例如: Should it (If it should) rain tomorrow;
38、 we would not go fishing.Were it not (if it were not)the expense, I would go abroad now. (不能用 werent) 2.在would rather后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气形式用动词的过去式，在It is(hish) time (that)句型中，从句中的谓语动词用过去式，或 should + 动词原形，但should不能省略。例如:It is high time that you went to school.It is high time we should start out.I would rathe
39、r they didnt hear of the news.3.在口语中，虚拟语气的省略情况口语中，虚拟语气的省略情况要注意。如果是一般过去时，只保存did，could，were等助动词、情态动词或系动词如果是过去完成时，要保存had；如果是过去将来时，要保存wouldmight.同时还要注意被动情况。例如: Have you found the answer to the question? I wish I had( found the answer to the question).I cant go to Beijing with you, but I wish I would (go
40、 to Beijing with you).Have you finished your homework? I would have ( finished my homework) if I had not gone to the cinema last night. The liitle boy who dark the poison by mistake died if he had been sent to the hospital earlier. Well. he should have been (sent to the hospital earlier). 4.if only和
41、 only if 句型(1) if only可以用来表示对现在或未来的愿望,也可以表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如:If only I could swim.(现在的愿望)If only they would tell me what they have decided. (将来的愿望)If only they had remembered to buy some fruit just now. (与过去事实相反的愿望) (2)only if用于句首，后接从句主谓倒装，意思是“只要，只有。例如: Only if the red light comes on is there any danger
42、 to employees. Only if a teacher has given permissionis a student allowed to enter this room.考场思维训练1 Shall I come tomorrow?Id rather you .A. didnt B. wont C. dont D. wouldnt答案: A解析:参见专家会诊。2 Could I use your pen?Im sorry,it isnt here. Id get it for you _ could remember who last borrow it.A. except th
43、at B. now that C. if only D. even though答案: D 解析: if only假设是，要是。3 the sun, nothing on earth could live.A. Were it not to B. If it was not to C. If it were not for D. If it is not for答案: C解析:与现在事实相反的条件句。探究开放题预测角度 1 情态动词的一些习惯用法1.We _ wait for a bus to get to the station since we are not in a hurry. A. might well B. might as well C.