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1、高中英语 经典易错题会诊与试题预测 考点 短文改错总复习短文改错总体概述 短文改错题旨在考查考生发现、判断、纠正语篇错误的能力。它要求考生具备扎实的语言功底，相当高的语言运用能力；此题涉及到词汇、语法、惯用法、篇章结构、行文逻辑等各个方面。但是，这种试题并不是检测语法知识的，而是检测考生写作能力中的校验能力。这种能力是进行书面表达的必备能力，写作的成效需要良好的写作程序的支持，而在写作程序中，检验能力是不可缺少的要素。把短文改错当作语法练习是对高考中短文改错的误解。 一、短文改错题的解题步骤1.通读全文，掌握大意短文改错不是单句改错，每一句的语意表达，结构选择是受土下文制约的。如谓语动词时态的
2、选择，代词的指代功能等都要依照上下文的线索进行判断。因此，考生应立足:于上下文，正确理解作者意图，把握短文的题材、体裁、时态主线，人物和主要情节等，从整体上把握全文。 2.整句理解，逐行推敲 通读全文，了解文章大意、写作方式之后，要细致分析每一个完整的句子。应把主要注意力放在句子层次上，判断句子的表达是否符合行为逻辑，是否符合语法标准。从历年高考题来看短文改错绝大多数题目还是句子层次的问题，侧重语言的准确性，所以句子结构正确与否的审查是关键的一步。在正误判断的根底之上，根据语法规那么改正句子中错误之处。改错时应注意改错设计规律，如:有一项正确，九项错误；每一行只有一个错误；改动之处只能有一词，
3、或删掉或增词，或修改。 3.复读全文，检查核对 错误改完之后要通读全文，以检查改错过程中是否有因上下文制约疏忽导致的误改。核对改后的答案能否使全文流畅、语言标准和准确。 1.一致关系的错误 短文改错题所涉及的一致关系主要包括主渭一致、时态一致、代词指代一致、动词时态与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致等。 2.连接手段的错误 3.平行结构的错误 在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词对应，形容词与形容词对应，分词与分词对应，不定式与不定式对应，短语与短语对应。它经常借助于并列连词and，or，but或连词词组not only.but also.，not.but.，either.
4、or.，neither.nor.，as well as等。 4.非谓语动词形式上的错误 主要考查不定式符号to的多余或遗漏；to是介词还是不定式符号的识别(后跟动词原形还是动名词)；现在分词与过去分词的区别。 5.多余词汇的错误 主要考查程度副词或频率副词，如much，more，often等是否多余。关系代词或关系副词所代替的词是否重复出现。 6.冠词使用的错误 由于汉语中没有冠词，学生对它的用法感到难以掌握，所以高考英语短文改错对冠词的考查几乎年年都有。常见的错误类型有:不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词；不定冠词a与定冠词the的错误使用；固定搭配中的冠词错误等等。 7.名词
5、的数与格的错误 汉语中的名词在形式上没有复数的变化，而通过在其前加数词来表示。英语那么不同，除了在名问前加数词外，如果是可数名词，还须将该名词变成复数形式。近几年NMET常考查考生对名词单复数的掌握情况。 8.词语搭配的错误 主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词与动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后缺少介词，英语中的一些固定句型及习惯搭配等。 9.词性分辨的错误 词在句中的位置及与其他词所形成的修饰与被修饰的关系决定了其正确形式，词在句中不同的句法功能要求使用与之相匹配的词性。 10.行文逻辑上的错误 短文改错中的行文逻辑错误是最难改的一种错误。因为要识别和改出某
6、种错误，考生必须细读全文，在理解短文中心思想、掌握全文逻辑开展顺序的根底上，作出正确判断。下面，我们以典型例题试题中几道有代表意义的短文改错题来分析一下这些种类的错误形式。1. (典型例题)短文改错 My car just wouldnt move any further. It was complete 1. dead, and I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold 2. wet night. I decided walk around a little before accepting Id 3. have to spend
7、the night in the ear. Maybe I can find a 4. telephone. Actually, I didnt have to walk far before I 5. found a small house standing on a field with a light 6. shone from the sitting room. I knocked at the door and 7. was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the 8. door but listened to my story c
8、arefully. He said he had 9. no telephone, and it wasnt one within walking distance,10. but offered to come and look at my car.试题分析 1 plete改为completely.词性分辨的错误。这里应该是副词修饰系表结构。 2.去掉far.多余词汇的错误。a few miles已经表示了距离。 3.walk前加to.非谓语动词形式上的错误。动词 decide后接不定式而且符号不省略。 4.call改为could.一致关系的错误。文章是表达过去发生的事情，应用过去时。 5.
9、此行正确。 6.on改为in词语搭配的错误。in a field是习惯搭配。 7.shone改为shining.非谓语动词形式上的错误。结构with a light shining中宾语light和宾补之间是主动关系，用现在分词。 8.delighting改为delighted.非谓语动词形式上的错误。这类词汇当主语是人时，该用过去分词做表语。 9.but改为and.连接手段的错误。两个动作之间不是转折关系。10.it改为there.一致关系的错误。这里当是表示“存在有的there be句型。2.(典型例题改错)My sister found a bird on the roadside. W
10、e named himJack and keep him for about three years. He would greet us1. in a tree outside our bedroom, calling “Hello as we lay in2. bed in a morning. He also passed Hello to the cats when3. they came into the room. We often played a trick on himself. 4. Wed throw a coin as far as possibly. Jack wou
11、ld fly away 5. and bring it back for us throw again. He would also catch 6. the food throwing to him from the other side of the room and 7. sing happily. But for the most wonderful thing about Jack 8. were his musical ability. Leaving him at home all day, we 9. would return at night to hear that hed
12、 picked up from theradio in the day. 10. 试题分析 1.keep改为kept.一致关系的错误。文章是表达过去发生的事情，应用过去时。 2.此行正确。 3.a改为the.冠词使用的错误。这里是表示“在早上，短语中应使用定冠词。 4.himself改为him.词性分辨的错误。是指“他们捉弄鸟。 5.possibly改为possible.词语搭配的错误。短语as far as possible是习惯搭配。 6.throw前加to.非谓语动词形式上的错误。不定式作目的状语，符号to不能省略。 7.throwing改为thrown.非谓语动词形式上的错误。过去分词
13、作定语表示被动。 8.去掉for.多余词汇的错误。按照文章的意思是表示转折的but，而不是表示“要不是的but for。 9.were改为was.一致关系的错误。主语是表示单数意义的the most wonderful thing. 10.that改为what.连接手段的错误。宾语从句中 pick up 缺少宾语。 3.(典型例题) Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over 1. the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since 2. l
14、ong ago, many adults and children called their friends together 3. to spend hours, even days play games. One of the reasons people 4. like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In otherwords, 5. they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people are6. playing games, they move a l
15、ot. That is how sports are good activities 7. for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy. 8. Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American 9. big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games. 10. 试题分析 1.and改为but连接手段的错误。短语not but意为“不是而是
16、。 2.woman改为women平行结构的错误。短语men andwomen表示“男男女女。 3.Called 前加have一致关系的错误。根据文章语境，这里应用完成时。 4.Play改为playing.非谓语动词形式上的错误。句型spend time in doing sth。 5.此行正确。 6.feel改为feeling.非谓语动词形式上的错误。短语keepfeelinggood，keep省略了。 7.how改为why.连接手段的错误。按照文意是表示“为什么这样。 8.make改为makes一致关系的错误。非谓语动词充当主语时，谓语动词用单数。 9.去掉the冠词使用的错误。短语the
17、others是“其余的人，这里指的是“别人。10.sell改为buy行文逻辑上的错误。根据文意是“买票看球赛。4. (典型例题)短文改错 Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often 1. broke down. So he decided to make a best car himself, 2. and in 1904 he produced his first new model. Charles Rolls, 3. a car maker, was very interested in Royces car, b
18、ut soon 4. Rolls arid Royce go into business together. One of their first 5. model was the Silver Ghost. In 1907, a Silver Ghost broke the 6. worlds record by drive 14,371 miles without breaking down 7. once. After the drive, it was cost just over 2 to put the car 8. back into perfect condition. Thi
19、s is not surprising that the Silver 9. Ghost was regarded “the best car in the world. 10. 试题解析1.that改为which.连接手段的错误。非限制性定语从句的引导词不能用that. 2.best改为better.一致关系的错误。意为“好一点的，不是最好的，用比拟级。 3.此行正确。 4.but改为and.连接手段的错误。两个动作之间不是转折关系而是递进关系。 5.go改为went.一致关系的错误。故事发生在过去时间，用过去时。 6.model改为models.名词的数与格的错误。在one of结构中，名
20、词当是复数形式。 7.drive改为driving.一致关系的错误。介词by后用动名词短语作宾语。 8.去掉was.一致关系的错误。动词cost表示“花费时，不用于被动。 9.This改为It.一致关系的错误。这里是形式主语it 10.regarded后加as固定搭配的错误。短语regard as意为“把认为看作。5.(典型例题卷I, )短文改错 There are advantage for students to work while 1. studying at school. One of them was that 2. _they can earn money, for the m
21、ost part. 3. students working to earn money for their own 4. _ use. Earning their own momey allow them 5. _ to spend on anything as if they please. 6. _ They would have to ask thier parents for 7. _ money or for permission to do things by 8. _ the money. Some students may also to save 9. _ up for ou
22、r college or future use. 10. _试题分析 1.advantage改为advantages.名词单复数错误。此处 advantage表示“利益，益处，可数名词。 2.was改为is时态错误。根据上下文，此处时态应用现在时。 4.working改为work.非谓语动词用法错误。此处应用谓语动词。 5.allow改为allows.主谓一致错误。非谓语动词作主语时谓语用单数形式。 6.去掉if连接词错误。as if意为“似乎。 7.would后加not.逻辑意义错误。自己挣钱就没有必要向父母要钱了。 8.by改为with.介词用法错误。“用这些钱当用介词with。 9.去掉
23、to.非谓语动词错误。情态动词may后用动词原形。 10.our改为their.代词一致错误。从文可以看出作者称学生们时用第三人称。6.(典型例题卷)短文改错Dear Mr. Brown, I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 1. Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in 2. English. My pronunciation was terribly. I could 3. only speak a few words. But one and a half year la
24、ter. 4. I now think English fun to learn. I got a lost from your 5. encouraging words. I will always remember what you 6. said, “If you try to, you can be No. 1 !I hope youve 7. had peasant journet home and will come to China 8. again sometimes in the future. I will write again 9. and send you the p
25、hotos we take together. 10. Yours sincerely, Li Min试题分析 1.with改为for.固定用法错误。thank sb. for sth为固定短语。 2.not改为no.否认词用示错误。ho修饰后面的名词interest。 3.terribly改为terrible.形容词副词用法错误。系表结构中当用形容词。 4.year改为years.名词的数与格的错误。一年半是复数形式。 5.Engish后加is.句子结构错误。think后宾语从句中缺谓语。 6.正确。 7.去掉to.非谓语动词用法错误。此处应该省略to。 8.journey前加a.冠词用法错
26、误。journey是可数名词。 9.sometimes改为sometime.副词用法错误。Sometime表示未来的某个时候。 10.take改为took.时态用法错误。寄去的照片是以前照的，故用过去时。 Passage 1 Many many years ago there had a merchant 1. 答案: had改为waslivednamed Abul. He was the richer man in the 2. 答案: richer改为richestcountry. He had large, strong boxes filling 3. 答案: filling改为fil
27、ledwith gold, and his storehouses were full of 4. 答案: 正确value goods. He owned land and houses and 5. 答案: value改为valuablegardens. But though he was such rich, he 6. 答案: such改为sospent least than the poorest beggar in the 7. 答案: least改为lesscity. He ate only dates and breads, and wore 8. 答案: breads改为bre
28、adhis clothing for scores of years before he bought 9. 答案: clothing改为clothesnew ones. He had not bought new shoes since 10. thirty years.答案: since改为for Passage 2 During this summer holiday I took part in special 1. 答案: special前加asummer camp with some of my classmates. Where we 2. 答案: Where改为Theremad
29、e some new friends who were senior students from 3. 答案: 正确Canvey, a town in the Thames, lying to the east of London. 4. 答案: in改为on As hosts, we showed them around many places of interests 5. 答案: interests改为interest in Beijing, such the Palace Museum, the Great Wall and 6. 答案: such后加as the Summer Pal
30、ace and we tell them about the changes 7. 答案: tell改为toldwhich had been taken place in Beijing. They said that 8. 答案: 去掉beenBeijing was quite different with what they had heard of and 9. 答案: with改为fromit was as beautifully as Canvey. I think the summer camp 10. is of great value.答案: beautifully改为beau
31、tiful Passage 3 My dream is always to visit to London, England. I 1. 答案: 去掉第二个toimagined London like a big city with some of the best 2. 答案: 1ike改为asart shows in the world. This summer my dream come true 3. 答案: come改为camewhen I spent a week in London. I lived in a hotel in the 4. 答案: 1ived改为stayedth
32、eatre area, but on the first day I took several long walks 5. 答案: but改为andthrough the city staring all the famous buildings. Because 6. 答案: staring后加atthere is wide variety of programs, I could go to a different 7. 答案: wide前加atheater every night to see different shows. The best was when 8. 答案: 正确I w
33、ent to see a playing by the most famous writer in the English 9. 答案: playing改为playlanguage-Shakespeare. This is was my mostly enjoyable vacation. 10. 答案: mostly改为most Passage 4During the summer holiday, I think I should do something 1. 答案: think改为thoughtmeaningful instead touring. So I got a job at a fast food 2. 答案: instead后加ofrestaurant and worked there as cleaner. I worked 7 hours a day 3. 答案: cleaner前加afor three weeks. The job was hard and bored and seemedendless, 4. 答案: bored改为boringit made me so tired that I nearly stopped it half way.