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1、高中英语 经典易错题会诊与试题预测 考点 阅读理解总复习阅读理解总体概述 阅读理解是我们学习英语的主要目的之一，是我们获取外来信息的重要途径。阅读理解是综合读者各方面知识的过程，通过阅读能看出作者的主要意图和文章的基调；从有关资料中汲取有用的东西；对不重要情节或信息一带而过；根据阅读目的和材料的难易程度调整阅读速度和方法；根据作者的描述得出自己的结论；掌握并利用语境猜想词的多种含义的；根据阅读材料快速读懂图表；根据短文的内容填空等等。 1.阅读材料更趋向于真实性、实用性和教育性 关注实际生活的选材特点在近年的NMET阅读理解试题中已经呈现出明显的增强趋势。这种趋势与当前根底教育的改革要求是一致
2、的。生语言学习的根本目的应当与根底教育的根本目标一致，即:学会求知、学会做事、学会合作、学会做人。真实性和适用性选材是适应根底教育英语课程改革的目标而出现的；选材的教育性是基于阅读的第二层面而设立的，即考生不仅要懂得文章的意思，还要进行思考。 2.问题的创设将会更加灵活多样，尤以整体理解和推理为主 阅读理解创设的问题大多不能按字面意思随手拈来，需要归纳、概括中心，推测作者意图、挖掘深层含义。有些题目还要加以逻辑推理才能选择出正确答案。 3. 4.所选材料的结构复杂化，生疏但能读懂的短语和表达方式将到达一定的数量 英语新课程标准中，阅读理解的要求更高。在典型例题卷的阅读理解中就出现了许多考生感到
3、陌生的短语。如B篇中有to look the otherway；E篇中的in the great majority of等。这些短语的出现在一定的程度上加大了难度，但符合考试说明的要求，也表达了语言学习的适用性和灵活性。 填空题那么重在要求考生从文中获取信息，然后转述文章的内容，这不是抄袭照搬，它对运用语言提出了较高的要求。可以说，填空题的能力要求在阅读题之上。填空题是考查学生的阅读和书面表达的能力，复习的关键还是要加强根本功。 二、提高阅读理解能力的途径 1.平时多阅读。 如英文报纸、杂志、读物，这样可以培养良好的阅读习惯，克服对生词的恐惧心理，从而到达提高阅读速度和阅读能力的目的。根据不同
4、情况调整阅读速度，要知道在什么时候快读，什么时候慢读。一般说来，对我们有用或重要的信息我们就要放慢速度，对我们不重要的信息可以一带而过，这样才可以在整体上提高阅读速度。 2.扩大知识面。 要对社会、科学、文学、史地、艺术等多个领域特别是有关英美等国家的情况都要有所了解。 3.积累适合自己的阅读技巧和做题方法，在做题时做到有的放矢。 4.扩大词汇量。 有限的词汇量必然影响你的阅读能力的提高。生词的含义只有在上下文中才能完全展现出来，并易于被记住、理解、掌握；同时还可以利用构词法记忆单词，这对于阅读是特别有用。 1. ( 典型例题 ) Chances I really love my job be
5、cause I enjoy working with small children and like the challenges and awards from the job. I also think my work is important. There was a time when I thought I would never have that sort of career(职业).I then found myself a job, looking after two little girls. I wasnt an excellent student because I d
6、idnt do much schoolwork. In my final term I started thinking what I might do and found I didnt have much to offer. I just accepted that I wasnt the type to have a career.It wasnt too bad at first. But the problems began when I agreed to live in, so that I would be there if my boss had to go out for
7、business in the evening. We agreed that if I had to work extra hours one week, shed give me time off the next. But unfortunately, it didnt often work out. I was getting extremely tired and fed up, because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children. One Sunday, I was in the park
8、with the children, and met Megan who used to go to school wih me. I told her about my situation. She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification(资格证书) if I wanted to work with children. I didnt think I would be accepted because I didnt take many exams in school. She persuaded me to p
9、hone the local college and they were really helpful. My experience counted for a lot and I got on a part time course. I had to leave my job with the family, and got work helping out at a kindergarten.Now Ive got a full time job there. I shall always be thankful to Megan. I wish I had known earlier t
10、hat you could have a career, even if you arent top of the class at school.1 What is the authors present job? A. Working part time in a college. B. Taking care of children for a family. C. Helping children with their schoolwork.D. Looking after children at a kindergarten.2 When staying with the two g
11、irlsfamily, the author . A. was paid for extra work B. often worked long hours C. got much help from her boss D. took a day off every other week3 Why did the author leave her first job? A. She found a full time job. B. She was fed up with children. C. She decided to attend a part time course.D. She
12、needed a rest after working extra hours.4 What has the author learned from her own experiences? A. Less successful students can still have a career. B. Qualifications are necessary for a career. C. Hard work makes an excellent student.D. One must choose the job she like.试题分析 第1题考查考生对所读短文细节理解的能力。文章最后
13、一段说明了“Now Ive got a fulltime job there应选D 第2题考查考生对所读短文作出简单判断和推理的能力。文中第三段说，尽管shed give me time off the next但是it didnt often work out因此，选B. 第3题考查考生阐述主旨事实和相关细节的能力。在朋友的劝说下，最终作者还是听从了。 第4题考查考生对作者的意图和态度的理解能力。本文作者从读书时的表现不优秀，从而认为自己后来不会有自己的事业，到后来有了career，D项最能说明主题。2.(典型例题)1 What does Passagetell us about the b
14、oy?A. He was injured in the head when he was 14. B. He has waited for the pay out for a long time.C. He has lived in the same place since the accident.D. He was run over by a taxi when riding on the pavement. 2 What can we learn about Lee and Collier counties from Passage? A. They both became safe p
15、laces. B. They won the same place in a race.C. They had the same number of accidents. D. They joined hands in reducing accidents. 3 Which passage would give more information on the prevention of road accidents? A. B. C. D. 试题分析第1题考查考生阐述主旨的事实和相关细节的能力。George出事时是3岁，而现在是十四岁，等待这个判决的时间是够长的了。应选B.第2题考查考生了解用
16、以阐述主旨的事实和相关细节的能力。虽然事故次数是一样的低(21)，但并没有说成为平安地方，所以选项C是正确的。 第3题考查考生对所读短文作出简单判断和推理的能力。综合四那么报导，只有有对于事故平安保护的介绍，所以D项是最正确答案。 3.(典型例题北) My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him. But the more I tried, the more he pulled away. When his
17、report card arrived during his junior year, it said that he had been absent 95 times from classes and had six falling grades for the year. At this rate he would never graduate. I sent him to the school adviser, and I even begged him. Nothing worked. One night I felt so powerless that I got down on m
18、y knees and pleaded for help. “Please God, I cant do anything more for my son. Im at the end of my rope. Im giving the whole thing up to you. I was at work when I got a phone call. A man introduced himself as the headmaster. “I want to talk to you about Karls absences. Before he could say another wo
19、rd, I choked up and all my disappointment and sadness over Karl came pouring out into the ears of this stranger. “I love my son but I just dont know what to do. Ive tried everything to get Karl to go back to school and nothing has worked. Its out of my hands. “For a moment there was silence on the o
20、ther end of the line. The headmaster seriously said, Thank you for your time, and hung up. Karls next report card showed a marked improvement in his grades. Finally, he even made the honor roll. In his fourth year, I attended a parent teacher meeting with Karl. I noticed that his teachers were aston
21、ished at the way he had turned himself around. On our way home, he said: “Mum, remember that call from the headmaster last year? I nodded. “That was me. I thought Id play a joke but when I heard what you said, it really hit me how much I was hurting you. Thats when I knew I had to make you proud.1 B
22、y saying“ Karl became withdrawn, the author means that the boy changed entirely and . A. preferred to stay alone at home B. lost interest in his studies C. refused to talk to others D. began to dislike his mother2 There was silence on the other end of the line because . A. the speaker was too moved
23、to say anything to the mother B. the speaker waited for the mother to finish speaking C. the speaker didnt want the mother to recognize his voiceD. the speaker was unable to interrupt the mother 3 The sentence“., he even made the honor roll means that“ . A. he was even on the list to be praised at t
24、he parenterteacher meeting B. he was even on the list of students who made progress in grades C. he was even on the list of students who had turned themselves aroundD. he was even on the list of the best students at school4 What is the main idea of this passage? A. Children in single parent families
25、 often have mental problems. B. Mothers love plays an important role in teenagers life. C. Being understood by parents is very important to teenagers.D. School education doesnt work without full support from parents.试题分析 第1题考查考生在上下文中猜想词(组)意义的能力。短文开始就讲述My teenage son Karl became with drawn，接着I tried
26、to do my best to talk to him.But the more I tried，the more he pulled away.这就对became withdrawn作了解释，所以C项是最正确答案。 第2题考查考生对所读短文作出简单判断和推理的能力。根据文章第三段接 的情况以及文章最后一段中儿子对母亲说的话，就可以推断出silence的原因是too moved to say anything to the mother.应选A项。 第3题考查考生理解个别句子意义的能力。原文在 he even made the honor roll下面划了横线，根据上下文，应该理解成“上了优
27、秀学生荣誉册，所以选择D项。第4题,考查考生对文章主旨要义的理解。答案是B项。从文章中出现的 sent him to the school adviser, begged him, felt so powerless, got down on my knees, pleaded for help , Im at the end of my rope, Im giving the whole thing up to you, I choked up and all my disappoint-ment and sadness over Karl came pouring out into the
28、 ears of this stranger, I love my son but I just dont know what to do, Its out of my hands 一连串的表达中，我们看到的是一位平凡母亲的无私伟大的母爱。4. (典型例题) 8:30 PMOutlookOutlook is back with a new series of reports to keep you up date with all thats new in the world of entertainment. Stories go all the way from the technical
29、 to the romantic, from stage to screen. There will be reports of the stars of the moment, the stars of the future and the stars of the past. The director with his new film, the designer with the latest fash- ion, and the musician with the popular song are part of the new Outlook. The program is intr
30、oduced by Fran Levine. 9:00 PM DiscoveryWhen a 10 - year - old boy gets a first class degree in mathematics or an 8 - year - old plays chess like a future grand master, they are considered as geniuses. Where does the quality of genius come from? Is it all in the genes (基因) or can any child be turned
31、 into a genius? And if parents do have a child who might become a genius in the future, what should they do? In this 30 - minute film, Barry Johnson, the professor at School of Medicine, New York University sity will help you discover the answer. 10:00 PMScience/HealthIs it possible to beat high blo
32、od pressure without drugs? The answer is “yes, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months, those devoted to weight loss exercise and eating a low salt, lowfat food lost about 13
33、pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the “normal category(范畴). This week, Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce their blood pressure to a level similar to whats achieved with Hypertension drugs.1 The main purpose of writing these three texts is A. to invite peo
34、ple to see films B. to invite people to topic discussions C. to attract more students to attend lectures D. to attract more people to watch TV programs2 From Outlook, you can get a great deal of information about A. story tellers B. famous stars C. film companies D. music fans3 Who will be most prob
35、ably interested in Discovery ? A. Parents who want to send their children to a school of medicine. B. Children who are good at mathematics. C. Parents who want their child to become another Albert Einstein. D. Children who are interested in playing chess.4 In Science / Health, “Johns Hopkins is . A.
36、 a famous university B. a medical center C. a well known doctor D. a drug company5 According to the third text, which of the following has almost the same effect as Hypertension drug? A. Exercise plus a healthy diet. B. Loss of thirteen pounds in weight. C. Six months of exercise without drugs. D. L
37、ow salt and low fat food.试题分析 第1题考查考生对作者的意图和态度的理解能力。作者将电视节目预告单广而告之，就是为了to attract more people to watch TV programs，所以D项是正确的。 第2题考查考生阐述主旨的事实和相关细节的能力。从Outlook广告中，我们所得知的大量信息都与famousstars有关，所以B项是正确的。 第3题考查考生能根据所读材料进行判断推理和引申的能力。希望自己的孩子成为genius是每个为人父母者的心愿。因此选C. 第4题考查考生根据上下文猜想词(组)意义的能力。根据广告，我们得知John Hopkin
38、s是a medical center。所以选B. 第5题考查考生所读教材作出简单判断和推理的能力。广告中those devoted to weight lossexercise and eating a lowsalt，lowfat foodlost about 13 pounds and became fitter一句可推断出Hypertension drugs具有相同效力的应该是A项。 5. (典型例题) The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth. Most
39、of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth. On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earths atmosphere (大气层) with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the spe
40、ed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are dro
41、wned. Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely d
42、estroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north wont escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to ahnost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun wont be seen again for many
43、 years. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later, no more than 10 million people remain alive. Could it really happen? In fact , it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth . The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago
44、they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldnt live through the cold climate that followed and they died out . Will we meet the same and?1 What is mainly described in the passage? A. A historic discovery. B. An event of
45、imagination. C. A research on space. D. A scientific adventure.2 When the first piece hits the South Atlantic, it causes A. an earthquake B. damages to cities C. an Earth explosion D. huge waves3 Why cant the northern half of the earth escape for long? A. Because the land is covered with water. B. B
46、ecause the light and heat from the sun can not reach the earth. C. Because people there can not live at the temperature of zero. D. Because wars break out among countries.4 By giving the example of dinosaurs, the author tries to prove _ .A. animals could not live in the cold climate B. what happened 65 million years, ago was aninvented story C. the human beings will die out in 2094D. the Earth could be hit by other objects in space 试题分析 第1题考查考生理解文章主旨要义的能力。这是一篇科幻读物，作者梦想了2049年所发生的彗星撞击南半球的事。连作者自己都发出提问，Could it really happen?可以推断只是想像而已。所以选B. 第2题考查考生阐述主旨事实和相关细节的能力。由文章第二段可知，当the r