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1、初二英语Chapter Three: A dangerous servant牛津版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Chapter Three: A dangerous servant二. 具体过程情态动词用法 情态动词有can could, may might, must, have to, shall should, will would, dare dared, need needed, ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语一can, could1表示能力体力、知识、技能。Can you lift this heavy box?体力Mar
2、y can speak three languages.知识Can you skate?技能此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to那么有更多的时态。Ill not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事时应用be able to，不能用can。如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2表示请求和允许。Can I go now? Yes, you can. / No, you
3、 cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. No, Im afraid not. 3表示客观可能性客观原因形成的能力。Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4表示推测惊讶、疑心、不相信的态度，用于疑问句、否认句和感慨句中。Can this be true?Th
4、is cant be done by him.How can this be true?二may, might1表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否认答复时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止。Might/ May I smoke in this room? No, you mustnt.May/Might I take this book out of the room?Yes, you can. No, you cant / mustnt. 用May I.？征询对方许可时比拟正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。2用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May
5、you succeed!3表示推测、可能性不用于疑问句。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。He may /might be very busy now.Your mother may /might not know the truth.三must, have to1表示必须、必要。You must come in time.在答复引出的问句时，如果是否认的，不能用mustnt禁止，不准，而用neednt, dont have to不必.Must we hand in our exercise books today?Yes, you must.No, you dont have
6、 to / you neednt.2must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to那么强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。The play isnt interesting, I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age.3表示推测、可能性只用于肯定的陈述句Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best.Your mother must be waiting for you now.四dare, need1dare作情态动
7、词用时, 常用于疑问句、否认句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。How dare you say Im unfair?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?If we dared not go there that day， we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.2need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否认句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。You neednt come so early.Need I finish the wo
8、rk today?Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.3dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否认句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。I dare to swim across this river.He doesnt dare toanswer.He needs to finish his homework today.五shall, should1shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this even
9、ing?2shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。You shall fail if you dont work hard.警告He shall have the book when I finish it.允诺He shall be punished.威胁六will, would1表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again. They asked him if he would go abroad.3woul
10、d表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯的含义。During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.The wound would not heal.4表示估计和猜测。It would be about ten oclock when she left home.七should, ought to1should, ought to表示“应该，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。I should help her because she is in troub
11、le.You ought to take care of the baby.2表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。You should / ought to go to class right away.Should I open the window?3表示推测should , ought to 客观推测, must主观推测。He must be home by now. 断定他已到家He ought to/should be home by now.不太肯定This is where the oil must be.直爽This is
12、 where the oil ought to/should be.含蓄八情态动词+不定式完成式have done1can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做某事，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否认句中表示对过去行为的疑心或不肯定, 表示推测。You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. 虚拟语气He cant have been to that town.推测Can he have got the book?推测2may / might +不定式完成式have done表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问
13、句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。might所表示的可能性比may小。He may not have finished the work .If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.3must +不定式完成式have done用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必。其疑问、否认形式用can，cant代替。参看1can / could + have done表示推测。You must have seen the film Titanic. He must have been to Shanghai.4shou
14、ld +不定式完成式have done用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。He should have finished the work by now。表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事，其否认式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式have done互换。You ought to / should have helped him. but you didnt.She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.5neednt +不定式完成式have done表示“本来不必
15、做而实际上做了某事。You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.6will +不定式完成式have done主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。He will have arrived by now.【模拟试题】答题时间：40分钟一. 单项选择：1You_ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thingA. neednt have washedB. shouldnt have washedC. must no
16、t have washed D. can not have washed2Johns score on the test is the highest in the class; he_ last night.A. should study B. should have studiedC. must have studied D. must have to study3The room is in a terrible mess; it _cleaned. A. cant have been B. shouldnt have beenC. mustnt have been D. wouldnt
17、 have been4Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from South America on rafts.A. must have sailed B. can sailC. might have sailed D. should have sailed5Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _ in her classroom.A. should have been B. must have beenC. must be D. shou
18、ld be6Bob said he was going to join our club but he didnt. He _ his mind.A. cant have changed B. wouldnt have changedC. must have changed D. shouldnt have changed7You_ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.A. neednt go B. had better not goC. should not go D. neednt have gone8We
19、_ the letter yesterday, but it didnt arrive.A. must receive B. ought to receiveC. must have received D. ought to have received9With all the work on hand, he_ to the cinema last night.A. mustnt go B. shouldnt have goneC. could not go D. couldnt have gone10Eve was late for class again. She _earlier.A.
20、 should get up B. must get up C. need to get upD. should have got up11I am feeling sick. I_ so much chocolate.A. neednt have eaten B. couldnt have eaten C. mustnt have eaten D. shouldnt have eaten12I didnt send out my application form last week, but I _.A. had B. would do C. should have D. might hav
21、e to13Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he_ Tom to go with him.A. might have asked B. should askedC. must have asked D. should have asked14When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I_ there earlier.A. ought to get B. ought to have gotC. must have got D.
22、 must get15The road was muddy. It_ last night.A. must rained B. must have rained C. must be rained D. could have rained16She can speak quite fluent English. She_.A. must been in the U.S.A. for some timeB. must have been in the U.S.A. for some timeC. should have been in the U.S.A. for some timeD. May
23、 be in the U.S.A. for some time 17You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he_.A. was used to be B. used to be C. was used to D. use to18“We didnt see him at the exhibition yesterday. “He _it.A. mustnt visit B. cant have visited C. should have gone to see D. may see 19Mary _my letter, oth
24、erwise she would have replied before now.A. should have received B. has receivedC. couldnt have received D. ought to have received20I _ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.A. would have liked to give B. liked to give C. have liked to give D. would like to give21“Where
25、_ my umbrella? “Somebody _ it away by mistake.A. is, must have taken B. is, must takeC. have been, must take D. is, takes22What _ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?A. will you suppose B. you suppose C. do you suppose D. you would suppose23Two eyes _see more than one.A. can B. may C
26、. will D. should24_ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.A. Would B. Will C. May D. Should 25We ought to help each other in our work, _?A. oughtnt we B. should we C. shouldnt we D. ought to we26You _ your tooth pulled out before it rots completely.A. had better gotB. ha
27、d to get betterC. had better to get D. had better get27When we got to the cinema, the film hasnt started yet, so we _.A. neednt hurry B. didnt need hurryC. neednt to hurryD. neednt have hurried28It was really very dangerous; you _ him seriously.A. might have injured B. could injure C. should have in
28、jured D. must injure 29As he had heart attack, he was told that he _ continue the work.A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. cant30An Englishman who _not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.A. must B. could C. mayD. might31I _like to make a suggestion.A. could B. would C. mustD. might32I know thin
29、gs are hard with you, but you _try to get over the difficulties.A. canB. mayC. must D. ought33I cant find the recorder in the room. It _ by somebody.A. may have been taken away B. may leaveC. may take away D. must have taken away34He _the 9:20 train because he didnt leave home till 9:25.A. can reach B. could catch C. may not catch D. couldnt have caught【试题答案】1A2C3A4C5B6C7D8D9D10D11D12C13D14B15B16B17B18C19C20A21A22C23A24C25A26D27D28A29C30B31B32C33A34D