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1、初二英语Chapter Six: Newspaper牛津版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：Chapter Six: Newspaper二、具体过程：一虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、疑心或推测。 用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would mar
2、ry her. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况中的一种，但并不排除存在于条件和结果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so
3、painful now. 这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 但是，如果结果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错误的。1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。 May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。 May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ You go out！ 你出去！ 2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest, order, insist, propose
4、等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气， 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望，要求。 I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我这一边。 I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽方法按时去那儿。 动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，“should 可以省略。 The teacher suggested that
5、we (should) clean the blackboard after class. He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。 3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。 在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . . . . 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要
6、出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。 虚拟语气多用于表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在，过去和将来。 与现在事实相反的： 条件从句 结果从句 If I (we, you, he, they)+ 动词过去式, If I (he, she) were. . . I (we) should + 动
7、词原形。 He (you, they) would + 动词原形。 与过去事实相反的： 条件从句 结果从句 If I(we, you, he, they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you, they) would + have + 过去分词。 If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。 If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。 If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.
8、 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮助的。 If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。 If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。 有关虚拟语气的几个问题： 1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。 Were she younger, she would do it. 如果她年轻点， 她就会干的。 Had he known her a
9、ddress, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。 2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。 I could help you. 我本来可以帮助你。 If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊。 She should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会。 If he had much more money. 如果他有更多的钱。 3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。 If they had studied hard, t
10、hey could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。二状语从句由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语或其它动词、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比拟、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法工程，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考的热点，应作充分准
11、备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。1. 时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。e. g. : When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. He started as soon as he r
12、eceived the news. Once you see him, you will never forget him. No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep. 2. 原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that既然等，for 表示因果关系时它引导的不是从句为并列连词，语气不如because强。e. g. He is disappointed because he didnt get the position. As it is raining,
13、 I will not go out. Now that you mention it, I do remember. 3. 地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。e. g. Sit wherever you like. Make a mark where you have a question. 4. 目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词组是so, so that从句谓语常有情态动词, in order that, in case以防，以免等。e. g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. She
14、has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons. He left early in case he should miss the train. 5. 结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that 从句谓语一般没有情态动词, so that, such that等引导。 e. g. She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting. He was so excited that he could not say a
15、word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her. 6. 条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性有可能实现的事情与非真实性条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情条件句。引导条件状语从句的词组主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。e. g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
16、You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. So far as I know据我所知, he will be away for three months. You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank. If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her. 7. 让步状语从句让步状语从句可由although, though,
17、as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。e. g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot. Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind. 8. 方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather
18、 than等引导。e. g. You must do the exercise as I show you. He acted as if nothing had happened. 9. 比拟状语从句比拟状语从句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引导。e. g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have. He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. The busier he is, the happier he feels. 10. 使用状
19、语从句时要注意的几个问题1在时间和条件有时也在方式、让步等从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。e. g. Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow. Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 2有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致或不一致，是it，从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be局部。e. g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.
20、If (you are) asked you may come in. If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again. 3注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。e. g. You are to find it where you left it. 地点状语从句Tell me the address where he lives. 定语从句，句中有先行词I dont know where he came from. 宾语从句Where he has gone is not
21、known yet. 主语从句This place is where they once hid. 表语从句三agree的用法 agree后面接介词比拟复杂，常见用法有： 1涉及讨论的题目用about。 They never agree about politics. 关于政治问题，他们总是意见不一致。 2要确定一样事情用on。 Can we agree on a date for the next meeting? 我们能不能为下次会议确定一个时间？ 3涉及一个建议或方案用to。 Hes agreed to our suggestion about the holiday. 他已经同意我们关
22、于假日的方案了。 4涉及意思、想法、分析、解释以及涉及人的时候用with。 They might not agree with his opinions. 他们可能不同意他的意见。 5agree后可接动词不定式或宾语从句。 We agree to leave at once. 我们同意马上离开。 agree一般常用口语用法 1) I cant argue with you about that. 我无法与您争辩那件事。 2) You can say that again. 您说的对极了。 3) You took the words right out of my mouth. 您已说出我心里的
23、话。 4) I was about to say the same thing. 我正想提出同样的看法。 5) I couldnt agree with you more. 我十分同意您的看法。 注意 上列类似用语 “I couldnt agree with you more. ，按字面翻译为我无法再更加同意您了，实那么表我对您极表同意。注意这是固定句型，助动词必须用couldnt，而不可用cant。【模拟试题】答题时间：45分钟一、选择：1. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finishB. would
24、be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished2. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for3. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. has beenC. wasD. has gone4. The young man insisted that he _ noth
25、ing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set5. I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _ . A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /6. The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off. A. for; to
26、 B. that; be C. which; should beD. to; being7. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the Sars soon. A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent8. It is important that we _ wild animals. A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting9. Had you
27、listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been10. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be11. _ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
28、 C. Were he to leave D. If he leave12. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved13. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. wouldB. should have C. mayD. have 14. He treated me as though/as if _ his own son. A. I am B. I woul
29、d be C. I was D. I were15. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then. A. would lend B. would have lentC. could lend D. may have lent16. A few minutes earlier and we _ the rain. A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch17. “Have you ever been to Beijing? “No, but I wish
30、I _A. haveB. willC. doD. had18. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _ . A. I may have failed B. Id fail C. Id have failed D. Ill have failed19. “What will you do during the summer holiday? “I dont know, but its high time _ something. A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. I decide20. W
31、hat should we do if it _ tomorrow?A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow21. If only I _ my watch!A. hadnt lost B. havent lost C. didnt lost D. dont lose22. You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. A. may not make B. might not makeC. shouldnt have made D. might not have
32、 made23. We _ the work on time without your help. A. hadnt had finished B. didnt have finishedC. couldnt have finished D. cant have finished24. “Where have you been? “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _ sooner. A. I would be here B. I have been here C. I had been here D. I would have been here25. I
33、f it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. wereB. had been C. are D. should be二、填入适当的引导词1. I havent heard from him _ he went to America. 2. He wont be here _ he is invited. 3. He will not go to the cinema _ he is very busy. 4. We found the key _ she had left
34、it. 5. We found the books two days _ he had gone away. 6. We had no sooner got to the station _ the train left. 7. He speaks English _ he were an Englishman. 8. He is explaining clearly _ they could understand. 9. Do not leave the room _ you have finished the test. 10. She sang _ she went along. 三、改
35、错1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can. 2. Since her husband had died，so she had to support her family. 3. He wont go out until his mother will come. 4. He was very foolish that he didnt pass such an easy exam. 5. Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home. 6. It wa
36、s three months since he came to our school. 7. The playground of our school is larger than their school. 8. The streets in Nanjing are wider than Shanghai. 9. Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green. 10. She sings songs as if she is a bird. 四、找出从句并指出是哪类从句1. It depends on whethe
37、r we have enough time. 2. The question he asked was where the electrical equipment should be stored. 3. The mountain is no longer what it used to be. 4. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 5. He was not the man that he was before. 6. Now you was free，why not go swimming with us？7.
38、Where there are schools and colleges，there are examinations. 8. Bad habits，once firmed，are difficult to give up. 9. She often wears the same kind of skirt as her twin sister does. 10. The moment he opened the window，a bird flew in. 五、填入适当的引导词完成句子1. _ will do the experiment comes to the professors of
39、fice. 2. _ will do the experiment hasnt been decided. 3. The teacher didnt leave _ twelve oclock. 4. _ the day went on，the weather got worse. 5. _ she is young，she knows quite a lot. 6. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. 7. You will be late _ you leave immediately. 8. Go and get your
40、coat. Its _ you left it. 9. _ is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. 10. _ had I entered the room _ the phone rang. 六、改错1. Is this the watch for which he is looking now？2. This is all which I can do for you. 3. Do you know the old man at the back of the r
41、oom，whom has been chosen head of the factory. 4. I want to know the way which you learn new words. 5. Can you tell me that theres a bookstore near here？6. Our school quite different from that it was before. 7. If she likes the present is not clear to me. 8. For she is ill，she hasnt come to school. 9
42、. It gave him so a big shock that his face turned pale. 10. He is cleverer than any boy in his class. 【试题答案】一、15 CAABB 610 BCBCB 1115 CAADB 1620 CDCCA 2125 ADCDC二、1. since 2. unless 3. because 4. where 5. after 6. than 7. as if 8. so that 9. before 10. as三、1. can 改为could 2. 去掉so 3. will come改为 comes
43、 4. very改为 so 5. as soon as 改为when 6. was 改为is 7. than 之后加上that of 8. than 后加 those in 9. whatever改为 wherever 10. is改为 were四、1. whether we have enough time 介词宾语从句2. he asked 定语从句 where the electrical equipment should be stored表语从句3. what it used to be 表语从句4. that she works hard 同位语从句5. that he was b
44、efore 定语从句6. Now you was free 让步状语从句 now= now that7. Where there are schools and colleges 地点状语从句8. once firmed 时间状语从句9. as her twin sister does 定语从句10. The moment he opened the window 时间状语从句五、1. Whoever 2. Who 3. until 4. As 5. Although 6. that 7. unless 8. where 9. As 10. Hardly，when No sooner，than六、1. for 放在looking 之后 2. which 改为 that 3. whom 改为who 4. which改为 how 5. that改为 whether 6. that 改为what 7. If改为 Whether 8. For改为Because 9. so改为 such 10. any 后加other