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1、Unit2How often do you exercise.Section A学问讲解一 . help with housework帮忙做家务1. help with sth. 意为 “帮忙做某事 ”2. help sb. with sth. = help sb.sth.帮忙某人做某事Eg: I often help himhis English. = I often help himEnglish.我常常帮他学习英语;【拓展】1. help oneself to请任凭吃 /喝 Please help yourself to some cakes.2. can t help doing st
2、h情不自禁做某事I can t help falling in love with that girl. 我情不自禁爱上那个女孩;二 housework 意为 “家务劳动 ”;不行数名词;1. They havehousework to do.A. manyB. much三 . sometimes有时辨析: sometimes , some times , sometime , some timesometimes 有时候; =at times=from time to time也是 “有时 ”的意思;some times 几次; time 作可数名词时可作“次数 ”解;表示 “时间 ”时是不
3、行数名词;sometime 某个时候;可指过去或将来的某个时候;some time 一段时间;常与 for 连用;对它提问用how long ;口诀记忆:分开 “一段时间 ”;相聚 “某个时候 ”;练习: We plan to stay in Hainan for .我们准备在海南呆一段时间; I am sure that we have metbefore. 我确定我们之前见过几次了; Ihave letters from him.有时我会收到他的来信;四 . hardly ever几乎不比较: hard 、hardly 和 hardly ever hard 作形容词时,意为 “困难的;硬的
4、;勤奋的;严格的;苛刻的”;hard 作副词常常用来表示程度,意为“努力地;猛烈地;猛烈地”,位于动词之后;This ground is too hard to dig.这块地太硬,挖不动;They tried hard to succeed.他们努力工作,以求得胜利; Hardly 副词,意为 “几乎不 ”,表示否定意义,位于实义动词之前,系动词、助动词、或情态动词之后,不表示频率;常用来修饰表示才能的词,如can, could 等;He can hardly play football.他几乎不会打篮球; There is hardly any coffee left.几乎没有剩余的咖啡了
5、 hardly ever 是表频率的副词,意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,相当于 almost not, seldom;练习:There is food left.几乎没有食物剩下;He .他几乎不工作;He .他工作努力;五 . exercise1. vt. “锤炼、运动 ”; How often do you exercise.2. U “锤炼、运动 ”,常与动词take 连用;8 / 7Exerciseme keep healthy.运动使我保持健康;John likes taking exercise in the open air.约翰喜爱在户外锤炼;3. C “练习;操 ”;We do
6、morningevery day.我们每天做早操;We do Englishto help us learn English well.我们做英语练习以便学好英语;六 use the Internet 用互联网use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事I use a knife to cut bread.我用刀切面包;短语: on the Internet在网上, surf the Internet网上冲浪,上网七 Whats your favorite. =What. do you like best ? 你最喜爱的是什么?1. What s your favorite anima
7、?l 你最喜爱的动物是什么?= 八 . free 意为 “闲暇的,有空的 ”反义词 busy; be free 意为 “闲着,有空 ”eg:: He is free now. 他现在有空;拓展: free 仍可译为 “免费的 ”Eg: The tickets are free. 票是免费的;九 quite full很忙,相当忙 .1. adj. full 仍可译为 “满的,布满的 ”; 反义词是 empty,意为 “空的 ”;Eg: The bus was full when they got there. 翻译.拓展: A be full of B. = A be fill with B ;
8、A 中布满了 B;The room is full of students.The busis full of people.The hall ispeople. A. fill with B. full with C. filled of D. filled with2. fulladj. “饱的 ”; 其反义词是 hungry ,意为 “饥饿的 ”;Are you hungry or full?你饿了仍是饱了?Eg: I can t eat any m,oreI am quite full.我不能再吃了,我相当饱了;十 maybe “或许,大致,可能”,常位于句首;Eg: Maybe he
9、 knows Tom.或许他熟悉 Tom;辨析: maybe 和 may bemaybe“或许,大致,可能”;(一般放句首)may be “可能是,或许是 ”; 为 “情态动词 +be动词 ”结构;(位于句中)Maybe you are right.或许你是对的;You may beright. 你或许是对的;Lily an English teacher.Lily可能是一名英语老师;= 十一 .at least 意为 “至少 ”;其反义词为 at most“最多 ”;Eg:There are at least 1,500 students in our school.;十二 . how of
10、ten 意为 “多久一次 ”,常用于对时间频率的提问;回答可用once/twice/three times a day 一天一/两 /三次 , sometimes有时 , never从不 , very often 常常 等;How often do you watch TV.你多久看一次电视?【拓展】词语词义用法答语特点how long多久询问时间多久for/about+ 一段时间how often多久一次询问动作的频率often, twice a week 等how soon多快,过多久询问时间多快in+ 一段时间how far多远询问距离多远ten minutes walkhow many
11、多少询问可数名词数量数词+可数名词复数 多少询问不行数名词数量数词+表示量的词 +不行数how much名词多少钱询问价格数词 +钱十三 .look、 see、watch 和 read 辨析:look 为不及物动词,后接宾语时须用介词at,指看的动作;see着重于看的后果,即 “看到,观察 ”;read 多指 “看书、报 ”,这里的 “看”实为 “读”;watch 表示 “凝视,观看,监视 ”之意;也常用于 “看电视,看竞赛 ”等短语中;Section B一 want sb. to do sth. 的否定形式为want sb.to do sth.Eg: She wants me to brin
12、g him some pens. 否定: She wants mehim some pens.拓展: 1.want sth. 想要某物2.want to do sth. 想要做某事3. want sb.to do sth.=would like/love sb.to do sth.二 be good for 意为 “对 有益 ”;反义词为 be bad forEg: Vegetables are good for you.蔬菜对你有好处;【拓展】对“ 有害 ”;1. be good to对“ 好”,其反义短语为 be bad to对“ 不好 ”;2. be good at 在“ 方面善于 ”,
13、 at 后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式,同义短语为do well in ;She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese.她善于英语和汉语;I am good at( play ) basketball.3. be good with和“ 相处得好;擅于和 相处 ”;Are you good with children.你和孩子们相处得好吗?三 1. health n. 健康, C, 意为 “健康 状况 ”,常用于 “be in goodpoor/badhealth 短”语中,表示 “
14、身体好不好 ”;My grandparents are both in good health.我祖父母身体都很好;2. healthy adj. 健康的 unhealthy adj.不健康的四 ask sb. about sth.询问“某人关于某事”Eg:I asked my teacher about today s homework.五 . Here are the results. 这是(调查)结果;here 位于句首,句子要倒装;Here is + 单数名词; Here are + 复数名词 .Eg: Here is your jacket.这是你的夹克;六 find + 宾语 +名
15、词 , 发觉: We have found him to be a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词,发觉: He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词,发觉:七 . 1. 百分数由 percent 来表示,构成:基数词+percent , 常用 “数词 percent of名词 ”这一结构作主语时,谓语的单复数要看percent of 后跟的名词,假如是可数名词复数,谓语应当用复数, 假如是不行数名词,谓语应当用单数Thirty percent of the students like watching game shows. 70 pe
16、rcent of water be salty water 盐水;八 not. at all意为 “一点儿也不,根本不 ”;not 应和 be 动词、助动词或情态连用;Eg: I don t know about it at al对l. 那件事我一点也不知道;The story isn t interesting at all.The old man can t use the computer at all.拓展: not at all = you are welcome 意为 “不用谢,不客气 ”;Eg: -Thank you for your help. -Not at all.九 su
17、rprised诧异的,感到意外的1. be surprised at sb. / sth. / doing sth.对 感到诧异, We are surprised at the news.2. be surprised to do sth.对做某事感到诧异;I m very surprised to meet you here.3. be surprised that + 从句 .因 而感到诧异; I m surprised that he came here on time.【拓展】 surprising 令人诧异的to one s surpris令e in surprise 诧异地 ;
18、惊讶地十 the answers to questions 问题的答案the way to sp去某地的路十一 . most students = most of the students 大多数同学某人诧异的是1. most +复数名词 . Most birds can fly. 大多数鸟儿会飞 . 2. most of + 限定词 +复数名词 most of the girls , most of my friends3. most of + 人称代词宾格 most of them / us the students like reading the story. A. MostB. Mo
19、st of4. the +most +多音节形容词,表示最高级,意为“最”;This is the most beautiful flower.这是最美丽的花;假如 most 前有不定冠词 a,就表示 “特别;很 ”,相当于 very;She is a most beautiful girl.她是个特别美丽的姑娘;大部分时间十二 . although “虽然,尽管 ”;but 意为 “但是 ”;英语中, although 与 but 不能同时 使用;1. it rained , the boys still played outside. = It rained ,the boys still
20、 played outside.2. Although I get up early, I can t catch the early bus. = I get up early, but I can My cousin knows a lot about geography , he is only four years old.A. becauseB. soC. althoughbus. t catch the十三 . I t s+adj(+ for sb.) +to do sth. 意为 “(对某人来说)做某事是 的”;Eg: It s very impaonrtt to listen
21、carefully in class.上课仔细听讲很重要;It s easy for us to swim对. 我们来说游泳很简单;It s very hard for him to study English. 练习 1.It is very important for usEnglish well.2. it s very nice you my parents your best wishes.3. I often have hamburgers for lunch. You d better not. It s bad for youtoo much junk food.十四 . by
22、+交通工具乘. by+ 时间 到. 时(为止) by+地点 在.旁边【拓展】 through 和 by 的区分、through 后常加名词表示手段媒介,through exercise 通过锤炼by 后常加工具或 v-ing, by working hard by doing sth.通过做某事 十五 . such as例如;像 这样;后面跟名称、代词、动词的ing 形式Eg: I have a lot of hobbies, such asand. 我有很多爱好,比如读书和唱歌;拓展 : such adj.& pron. 这样的;那样的;类似的; 作形容词时,其后修饰名词;Tom lives
23、 in such a large house. 汤姆住在一所这么大的房子里;such和 so二者都有 “如此;这样 ”的意思,但详细用法相异;such 用来修饰名词, so 用来修饰形容词或副词; sucha/anadj .n.单数 suchadj. n.复数 /不行数名词 so adj ./adv. so adj. a/an n.单数 sucha/anadj . n.单数 so many/few/much/little n.复数 /不行数名词 He is such a clever boy. He is so clever a boy.Its such fine weather today.
24、They didnt have so much time to do their homework.他们没有如此多的时间去做作业;十六 .spend 意为 “度过 ”或“花费(时间、金钱) ”;Eg: Come and spend the weekend with us.来和我们一起度过周末吧;spend timemoney on sth.在 .上花费时间或金钱 .=spend timemoney ( in) doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事He didn t spend much time on his homewor=k.He didn t spend much timehis
25、homework.Ispend200yuanonanewcoat.=Ispend 200yuan Don t spend too much time watching TV. = Don t spend too much timeTV .He always spend his time playing football. = He always spend his timefootball.拓展比较:1. cost 的主语是物a newcoat.sth. costs sb. 金钱 /时间 某物花了某人多少钱 /时间;doing sth. costs sb. 时间做某事花了某人多少时间;2. t
26、ake 后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:It takes sb.时间 /金钱 to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间;例: It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路;3. pay 的基本用法是:(1) pay sb. money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买 ;例: I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付 20 英磅的房租;(2) pay for sth. 付 的钱;例: I have to pay for the boo
27、k lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款;(3) pay for sb. 替某人付钱;例: Don.蒺 t worry.Ill pay for you.别担忧, 我会给你付钱的;(4) pay sb. 付钱给某人;例: They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们酬劳;十七 . through prep. 以;凭借;穿过He became rich through hard work and ability.他凭借辛苦的工作和才能变得富有;The sunlight was coming inthrough the window. through , across, overth
28、rough 意为 “穿过 ”,指从物体的里面穿过;across 意为 “穿过 ”,指从物体的表面通过;over 意为 “越过;跨过 ”,指越过一个有高度的物体;They walked through the park after supper. I swam acrossthe river and felt very tired.Can you jumpoverthe table.十八 . however“然而,不过 ”;可以位于句首、句中、句末;但要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开;Eg: She was ill. However, she still went to work.她病了,然而她依旧
29、去上班;辨析: but 和 howeverbut 直接连接前后两个句子,转折的意味比however 强,特殊表示特别明显的对比,;However然“而,但是 ”; 不能直接连接句子,必需用逗号与句子隔开;Eg:1.It began to rain,we went out to look for the boy.2. It a sunny morning ,very cold.这是个晴朗的早晨,但是却很冷;十九 .more than 相当于 over;意为 “超过,余外 ”;There are more than 2000 books.二十 . afraid 意为 “担忧的,可怕的 ”;1. b
30、e afraid to do sth.可怕做某事 Eg:I am afraid toplane. 我可怕乘飞机;2. be afraid of sb. sth.可怕某人 某物be afraid of doing sth.可怕做某事Eg: She is afraid of the dog.她可怕那只狗;Don t be afraidquestions. 不要怕问问题;be afraid to do sth.=可怕做某事二十一 . less than six. 少于 6 小时;less than 意为 “不到,少于 ”;其反义词为 more than over“余外,超过 ”Eg:She slee
31、ps less than seven hours every night. 他每晚的睡眠时间不到7 小时;We know Tom for20 years.我们熟悉 Tom 超过 20 年了;拓展: less 是 little 的比较级, She has less milk than me.二十二 . die v. 消逝;毁灭;死亡1. “死亡 ”讲,不能用于被动语态,强调动作,是瞬时动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用;His grandfather died five years ago. 他祖父五年前去世的;2. die 可以用于进行时态,表示“即将死去,奄奄一息”;He is dying.
32、他快要死了;拓展:1. dead 死的,是 die 的形容词形式;可作表语或定语;作表语时,表示状态;His dog has been dead for two weeks.他的狗已死了两周了;2. death 死亡,是 die 的名词形式;His mothers death made him very sad. 他母亲的去世使他特别伤心;二十三 . nonenone 与 no one, nobody 的用法区分1. no one=nobody ,两者均 只能指人, 作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数 ;如:No one Nobody谁也不知道;No one Nobodyit.没人喜爱它; 注:按传
33、统语法,两者之后均不能接of 短语;2. none 既可指人也可指物,其后通常接 of 短语 ;用作主语如指不行数名词,谓语只能用单数,如指可数名词,就谓语可用单数或复数;None of the food was left.一点食物都没留下;None of the books is are interesting.没有一本书好玩;3. none 示意一种数量 ,“一个也没有”,而no one 或 nobody 指“谁都没有”,回答how many 或how much 的提问时,通常用none,而在回答 who 的提问时,通常用no one 或 nobody; 体会:A :How many En
34、glish books have you read. 你读过多少本英文书 . B :None. 一本也没读;A :How much money did you give her.你给了她多少钱 .B :None. 一分也没给;A :Who went to see the film. 谁去看电影了 .B :No one Nobody.谁也没去;二十四 . mind1. mind n. “思想 ”、 “想法 ”、“头脑 ”、 “智力 ”;change one s m改ind变 想法 , make up one s m下ind定 决心 , set one s mind to d专o 注 于 , ke
35、epinmind记 在 心 里 , comeintoones mind计 上 心 来 等 ;2. mindv. “介意 ”、 “反对 ”,常用来表示委婉、客气的恳求;含动词mind的常见句式有: “Would/Doyouminddoing.?意为“ 你介意吗?” ;Would you mind closing the door ?关上门好吗?3. Nevermind意 为 “ 没 关 系 ” 、 “ 不 要 紧 ” , 常 出 现 在 下 列 场 合 :1) 应 答 对 方 的 致 歉 ; :I m sorry.Nevermind.Youcanhaveours.没 关 系 ;2) 安慰对方;例
36、如:Imissedthebaseballmatchyesterday?昨 天我错过 了棒球比赛了 . Nevermind.Itwasaboringmatch.没关系; 那是 一场枯燥 乏 味的比赛;3回答对方的求助;例如:Sorrytotroubleyou.抱歉,麻烦您一下; Never mind. What can I do for you ?没关系;我能为你做些什么呢?练习:1.Wouldyoumind mehow Englishwords?A.tell;torememberB.telling;rememberC.telling;torememberD.tell;remember2.Wouldyoumind A. Speak B. spoke C. spoken D. speaking二十五 . point常用语义:1. n. 分数,得分moreslowly? Icant followyou.She always gets good points in any subject. 不管哪一学科,她总是得高分;n. 要点,论点v. 用手指 . point to 指向 .强调方向 He pointed to the door.