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1、 中国教育培训领军品牌环球雅思学科教师辅导教案 年 级:高 一 辅导科目:英 语 学员姓名:XXX 学科教师:崔文利授课类型T(Unit 2 The Olympic Games课文同步)T(被动语态)T(课后练习)星级授课日期及时段2014-12-20 19:40-21:40教学内容T-Unit 2 The Olympic Games课文同步 单元要点预览词汇部分词语辨析1. make sure/be sure/for sure 2. in charge of/in the charge of3. compete / contest4. basis / base / foundation 词形
2、变化1. advertise vt. 做广告; 登广告advertisement n. 广告advertising n. 做广告 (作定语)2. replace v. 代替, 取代replacement n. 代替, 取代 replaceable adj. 可代替的; 3. interview v. n.面试, 面谈; 采访interviewee (面试中)受审核者; 被接见者; 被采访者interviewer主持面试者; 接见者; 采访者重点单词1. admit vt. & vi. 许可某人/物进入;接纳,接受某人(入院入学等);承认,招认2. charge n. 费用;v. 指控;收费3.
3、 bargain n.协议;廉价物;v.(与某人)讨价还价; 洽谈成交条件; 谈判4. promise v. & n. 允诺;答应5. deserve vt. & vi. 应得; 值得重点词组1. take part in参与;参加2. stand for 代表;象征;表示3. used to过去常做某事4. one after another/the other 一个接一个地重点句子1. How often do you hold your Games?2. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women.重点语法一般将
4、来时的被动语态 (见语法部分) 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. make sure/be sure/for sure 【解释】make sure 意为“确保”“弄清楚”,后接介词短语或从句。be sure 后接不定式时,意为“一定”“必定”“准会”;若跟of、about短语或从句时,作“肯定”“有把握”解释;to be sure 作插入语时,意为“的确”“诚然”。for sure 意为“肯定的”“毫无问题地”。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Have you _ of the time of the train?2). _ to write and tell
5、me all the news.3). She is not pretty, _, but she is very clever. 4). She wont lend me any money,and thats _. 2. in charge of/in the charge of【解释】in charge of 表示“主管”,“看管”,“负责”。in the charge of 表示“在掌管之下;由掌管”【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). He is _ the school. 2). The school is _ him. 3. compete / contest【解释】
6、compete 表示“为了争得名次、奖金,合同等”,并不含有将对手征服的意思。contest 所表示的竞赛可以是友谊赛,也可以是有敌意的竞赛,旨在比试技能、能力、力气、耐力等,此外还可以表示赢得选举。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). The children _ against each other t reach the other end of the pool.2). The soldiers _ every inch of ground.4. basis / base / foundation【解释】basis 主要用作抽象或引申意义。base 侧重指构成或支撑某一物体
7、的基础,也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。foundation 用于具体意义时,侧重指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基,用作比喻意义时,与basis基本相同。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). All dams need sound _.2). The vase falls over a lot because the _ is too small.3). The _ of her opinion is something she read in the magazine. 重点词汇 1. admit vt. & vi. 许可某人/物进入;接纳,接受某人(入院入学等);承认,招认典例1)
8、. The school admits sixty new boys and girls every year. 这所学校每年招收六十名男女新生。2). He was admitted to hospital with minor burns. 他因轻度烧伤而入院。3). I admit (that) you have a point. 我承认你有理。4). George would never admit to being wrong. 乔治从不认错。重点用法admit (doing)sth.承认某事/做了某事admit that +从句 承认 练习 中译英1). 他招认偷了那辆汽车。_2)
9、. 不准那个人进来。_2. charge n. 费用;v. 指控;收费典例 1). All goods are delivered free of charge. 一切物品免费送货。2). He was charged with murder. 他被控犯谋杀罪。重点用法in/under the charge of 在某人照看(掌管)下in charge of处于控制或支配(某人某事物)的地位: 练习 中译英1). 这些病人由威尔逊医生治疗。_2). 这儿谁负责?_3. bargain n.协议;廉价物;v.(与某人)讨价还价; 洽谈成交条件; 谈判典例 1). If you promote o
10、ur goods, we will give you a good discount as our part of the bargain. 若你方经销我们的货物, 我方愿给予你相当大的优惠作为回报。2). Its a bargain. 这可是便宜货。3). Never pay the advertised price for a car; always try to bargain. 千万不要照牌价购买汽车, 总得讲讲价才是。重点用法make a bargain with sb about/over/for sth 就某事与某人达成协议bargain with sb about/over/f
11、or sth 就某事与某人讨价还价练习 中译英1). 你做了一笔很上算的交易。_2). 工会为缩短工作周而(与资方)讨价还价。_4. promise v. & n. 允诺;答应典例1). I told him the truth under a promise of secrecy. 我在他答应保守秘密之后把真相告诉了他。2). She promised me (that) she would be punctual. 她向我保证一定准时。重点用法promise to do sth.答应做某事promise sb. sth.答应某人某事promise +that 从句 答应make a pro
12、mise许下诺言keep a promise遵守诺言carry out a promise履行诺言break a promise违背诺言练习 中译英1). 我得让你遵守诺言。_2). 我不能保证做到, 但我一定尽力而为。 _5. deserve vt. & vi. 应得; 值得典例 1). The article deserves careful study. 这篇文章值得仔细研究。 2). They deserve to be sent to prison. 他们应该入狱。重点用法deserve doing = deserve to be done值得做练习 中译英1). 她积极努力, 应得
13、到奖赏。_2).如果你做错事就应受到惩罚。_ 重点词组 1. take part in 参与;参加典例1). How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games? 有多少个国家参加了上届奥运会?2). Are you going to take part in the first experiment? 你们会参与首次实验吗?短语归纳 take ones part(在辩论中)支持某人;站在某边have a part to play能帮助;能在中发挥作用haveplay a part(in sth)参与某事 for the most pa
14、rt多半;通常练习 中译英1). 他母亲总是护着他。 2). 她积极参与地方政治活动。2. stand for 代表;象征;表示典例1). The sign X stands for an unknown number. 符号X表示一个未知数。2). My mother stands for the kind treatment of all children. 我妈妈主张对待一切孩子都要慈爱。短语归纳stand by袖手旁观;无动于衷stand by sb支持;帮助;忠于stand out(fromas)显眼;突出stand up站起;站立;起立 练习 中译英1). 无论如何,我都支持你。2
15、). 我谴责法西斯主义及其代表的一切。3. used to过去常做某事典例 used to, would这两个词语都可以表示过去常做某事,有时可以换用。但used to do强调过去习惯性的行为或状态,但是现在没有这种行为或状态了。因此,这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。1). There used to be only low and dirty houses in our village.短语归纳get/be used to sth./doing sth.习惯于某物/做某事,该词组有各种时态be used to do sth.被用于做练习 选择正确的答案1). Jack is used to _
16、to school, but today he came by bus.A. walkB. walking C. walks D. walked 2). Wood _ paper and other things.A. is used to make B. is used to making C. used to make D. used to making4. one after another/the other 一个接一个地典例1). Please line up one after another. 请按顺序排队。2). We achieved one victory after an
17、other. 我们取得了一个又一个的胜利。 短语归纳one by one逐个地;逐一地one anothereach other相互 练习 中译英1). 他把所有书并列摆放起来。2). 账单纷至沓来。 重点句子 (旨在提供句子结构等所需材料)1. How often do you hold your Games? 你们奥运会多久举行一次?解释 How often 问某事发生的频率。常用的答语有:every two days, once a week, at times等How soon问某事在多少时间以内会完成。常用in/within短语回答-How soon will my dress be
18、 ready? -In a week. 我的连衣裙要多久准备好?-一周。How long问某动作或某状态持续多久多长时间。常用for短语回答,for可省略。-How long did you stay there? -Only two days. 你在那呆了多久?-只是两天。练习 中译英1). 你多久去游泳一次?_2). 你等了多久了?_2. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women. 没有别的国家能参加,奴隶和妇女也不能参加。解释 “neithernor + be动词助动词情态动词+主语”意为“也不”,承接前面的否
19、定句,用倒装语序。如:I cant afford a new car, neither/nor can he.我买不起新车,他也是。“so+ be动词助动词情态动词+主语”意为“也”,承接前面的肯定句,用倒装语序。如:He is tired and so are you. 他累了, 我们也累了。练习 中译英1). 如果你们今晚去看电影,我也去。_2). 我以前没去过上海, 我妹妹也没去过。_3课文佳句背诵与仿写 1【课文原句】I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games
20、 a long time ago. 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”,我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。模仿要点 句子结构:介词 + what宾语从句 + and / but + + used to【模仿1】我对你今天所做的很满意但我过去认为你是一个懒惰的孩子。_【模仿2】我对发生在那里的事情感到非常遗憾,我过去常常认为那是不可能发生的。_2【课文原句】Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitiors.只有达到他们各自项目标准的运动员才会被接受
21、参加奥运会。 模仿要点 句子结构:定语从句 + 被动语态【模仿1】只有那些各科都取得好成绩的人才可以被重点大学录取。_【模仿2】只有那些达到了奥运标准的国家才可以申请举办奥运会。_3.【课文原句】 Its in the summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.跑步,游泳,划船和一些团体项目是在夏季运动会上举行。 模仿要点 句子结构:强调句 + together with【模仿1】只有多训练你才提高你的听,说,读,写的能力。 _
22、答案:Its by practicing more that you can improve your listening ability, together with speaking ability, reading ability and writing ability.【模仿2】只有到科技发展了,教育和卫生才可能改善。_T-被动语态一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变 化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors
23、 are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here4) was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the off
24、er.5) had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6) was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.7) shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the f
25、actory closes.8) should/would be done/ waswere going to be done/ waswere about to be done/waswere to be to done一般将来时例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例The project will have been completed before July.10) should/would have been
26、done 过去将来完成时(少用)例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语, 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
27、可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
28、例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词介词”,“动词副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例I dont like being laughed at in t
29、he public.二、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有:It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道,It is believed that大家相信,It is hoped that大家希望,It is well known that众所周知,It is thought that大家认为,It is su
30、ggested that据建议。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的
31、特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较:The door wont lock (指门本身有毛病)The door wont be locked (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表
32、示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds reasonable.四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1 在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing(to be repaired)这房子需要修理。2 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动
33、词不定式的被动形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading(The picture-book is very worthy to be read)3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)试比较:Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? (
34、 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).5 在too to结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例This book is
35、 too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。例There is no time to lose(to be lost)(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁 lost time不明确。)7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for startin
36、g the fire?五、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。1. “under +名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:under control(受控制), under treatment(在治疗中), under repair(在修理中), under discussion(在讨论中), under construction(在施工中)。例The building is under construction( is being constructed)
37、.2“beyond+名词”结构,“出乎胜过、范围、限度”。常见的有:beyond belief (令人难以置信), beyond ones reach(鞭长莫及),beyond ones control(无法控制),beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief(=cant be believed)3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过、高于”。例His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised
38、enough4“for+名词”结构,表示 “适于、 为着”。如:for sale(出售), for rent(出租)等。例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5“in+名词”结构 ,表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有:in print(在印刷中),in sight(在视野范围内),等。例The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)6“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事 中”。常见的有:on sale(出售),on show(展出), on trial(受审)。例Today s
39、ome treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).7“out of+名词”结构 ; 表示 “超出 之外“,常见的有:out of control (控制不了),out of sight (超出视线之外),out of ones reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8“within+名词”结构,“在内、不超过”。例He took two days off within the teachers permission六、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作;作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时,be后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词。其区分办法如下:1如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构。例The glass is broken (系表结构)The glass was broken by the boy (被动语态)2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,