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1、Unit 8 Natural disasters 第4课时writing八年级英语上册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）知识精讲近年来，地震、海啸、干旱、台风等自然灾害频发。有关这类话题的作文也成为英语书面表达考查的热点。那么，如何写好此类小短文呢？一、搜集整理好写作素材。与语文记叙文写作相类似，在写作之前要搜集、整理好相关素材，如灾害发生的时间、地点、伤亡情况、破坏程度、救援情况等等。二、合理安排好文章结构。此类短文一般分为三个部分：1灾害情况总体介绍。在这一部分，你可以总体交代灾害发生的时间及地点，灾害发生前的一些预兆等。2具体描述灾害情况。在这一部分，你可以用自己的亲身经历或所见所闻来详细描述灾
2、害情况，如建筑物的损坏程度、人员的伤亡情况。在叙述时可以加入一些自己的主观感受。3灾后救援与自救情况。在这一部分，除了叙述灾后人们如何进行救援和自救的情况外，还可适当加入自己的一些观点和建议。 教材中出现的相关句型：1An earthquake/A flood/A snowstorm/.hit. 一场地震/洪水/暴风雪/袭击了2I was doing. when.当时，我正在做3We could only hear/see.because of the heavy rain/snow.因为大雨/雪，我们只能听到/看到4.had to walk slowly/pull oneself throu
3、gh.不得不慢行/拖着自己(的)身体穿过5.was really terrible.真是太可怕了。 能力拓展假设你们班级要组织去观鸟，请你用英语写一篇相关的通知。内容要点：1. 集中时间和地点：本周六早上七点，在教室；2. 目的地：世界上最主要的湿地之一盐城自然保护区；3. 目的是观鸟，所以请大家带好有助观鸟的东西，如望远镜、笔记本、饮用水等；4. 行程中的其它注意点：注意事项：1. 通知须包括所给内容要点，要求语句通顺、意思连贯；2. 第4要点须用2-3句话展开合理想象，作适当发挥；3. 词数在80个左右，通知的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear classmates,_Thank y
4、ou.【答案】Dear classmates,Wee going to have a class trip to Yancheng Nature Reserve this Saturday. It is one of the worlds most important wetlands. We will meet at the classroom at 7 : 00 in the morning. The purpose of the trip is to watch birds, so we must take something to help watch birds, like a pa
5、ir of binoculars, a notebook and some drinking water. Remember not to wear colourful clothes. We may walk for a long way, so please wear suitable shoes.Thank you.【详解】1.题干解读：阅读题干可知要求用英语写一篇相关班级要组织去观鸟的通知。内容要点包括：1. 集中时间和地点：本周六早上七点，在教室；2. 目的地：世界上最主要的湿地之一盐城自然保护区；3. 目的是观鸟，所以请大家带好有助观鸟的东西，如望远镜、笔记本、饮用水等；4. 行程
6、中的其它注意点。语言要规范，叙述清楚，语句通顺，写作习惯要符合英语的表达方式。2.写作指导：时态主要以一般将来时为主，人称一第一人称为主。写作时可以适当地使用逻辑词，使文章条理清晰；写作完后，要仔细检查有无漏点情况，单词有误拼写错误。分层提分题组A 能力提升练A 请你根据下面的要点写一篇70词左右的报道。1.8月17日（星期六）发生了一次山崩（landslide）；2.连续两天大雨后，早晨山崩发生；3.那天有个女孩与她母亲在家，父亲在下午到家，并叫她们赶快离开；4.雨大，父亲劝告她们带好雨伞；5.这是房子开始摇晃，她们非常害怕，迅速跑开了；6.第二天上午回家时，女孩发现房子没有了，到处是玻璃和
7、砖块，女孩感到很悲伤。_【答案】There was a landslide on Saturday, 17th August. After two days of heavy rain, the landslide happened in the morning.A girl was at home with his mum that day. Her dad came home in the afternoon and told them to leave the flat. Because of the heavy rain, he advised them to bring umbrel
8、las. They got out quickly.Suddenly the building started shaking. They were frightened and ran away quickly. The weather was really terrible. The following morning, they went back home. The girl found there was no house at all. There were only pieces of glass and bricks everywhere. They girl felt ver
9、y sad.【详解】1.题干解读：该题目属于应用文写作，根据汉语提示的要点写一篇报道。写作时要包括山崩的时间、地点、过程及危害。2.写作指导：本文应该以第三人称来叙述事件内容；时态采用一般过去时。叙述故事时，场景应描写细致，并且事件发生的背景、起因和过程等需要叙述完整，保证条理清晰。B 为了让同学们了解地震的有关知识，做到防患于未然，某中学成立了“地震自救知识”社团。假如你是社团的一名成员，请根据下列提示写一份英语稿件，向同学们宣传地震自救知识，做好自我保护。在室内，不要从高楼跳下去，远离窗户与大家具，远离火源，躲在坚固的床或桌下；地震停止，立刻从楼里逃生，逃生时不要用电梯。在室外，远离楼房、
10、路灯、高压线、桥梁和树木；在山中注意落石；在海滩尽快远离大海并转移到高处。要求：1.包含信息提示中的所有信息，可适当发挥。2词数80左右。_【答案】Hey, friends! We dont know when earthquakes will happen but we need to know what to do during an earthquake. Heres my advice:When were inside, dont jump out of high buildings. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. Hide u
11、nder a strong bed or table. When the earthquake stops, leave the building quickly. Remember not to use the lift.When were outside, move away from buildings, street lights, power lines, bridges and trees. If were in the mountains, pay attention to falling rocks. If were on the beach, run away from th
12、e sea and go to higher ground at once.The most important thing is to keep calm. Follow the rules we learned and then we can be safe and help others.【详解】1. 题干解读：本题要求介绍地震自救知识，体裁属于说明文；写作时需结合提示信息分室内和室外进行介绍，提出自我保护的建议。2. 写作指导：本文的写作对象是学生，考生宜用第一人称we展开介绍，显得亲切；时态用一般现在时。写作内容需包含信息提示中的所有信息，但不可翻译材料。写作中，可从室内和室外两个方
13、面作介绍，使叙述完整、条理清晰、表达流畅。C根据以下提示写一篇有关自然灾害的文章(80词左右)。1. 4月21日，一场龙卷风(tornado)袭击了湖南衡阳(Hengyang);2.一开始，天变黑，大家能听到一阵奇怪的噪音，很害怕，无人知道正发生什么;3.几分钟后，人们听到雷声，看到闪电，然后一切开始移动，最后，它突然停止;4.在这次灾难中，7人死亡，2400多房屋倒塌，数千人无处居住，学生无处上课;5.灾难后，人们开始互救，许多警察来帮忙;6.如果大家都乐于帮助需要帮助的人，世界将充满爱。 _【答案】On April 21st, a tornado hit Hengyang in Hunan
14、.At the beginning, the sky became dark. Everyone could hear a strange noise. They were very afraid. But nobody knew what was happening. A few minutes later, people heard the thunder and saw the lightning. Then everything began to move. Finally, it suddenly stopped.During the disaster, seven people l
15、ost their lives. Over 2,400 houses fell down. Thousands of people had nowhere to live. The students had no classrooms to have lessons. After the disaster, people began to help each other. Many policemen came to help. I think everyone should be willing to help people in need, and the world will be fu
16、ll of love.【解析】这篇作文要求我们根据提示描写发生在湖南衡阳的一场龙卷风，题目中给出了具体的写作内容，详细叙述了这次灾害发生的过程以及灾后的影响，我们需要用正确的英语将这些内容表达出来。通过审题可知，这篇短文记叙的是过去发生的一件事，故全文应以一般过去时为主来叙述，注意应将动词变为过去式，尤其应注意不规则动词的过去式形式。文章最后的感受可以用现在时态。写作中应注意英语表达习惯和汉语是不同的，不能依据提示逐词翻译，写汉语式的英语，应从句子的整体结构出发，选择适当的单词、短语、句型，句式以简单句为主，如主谓宾或主系表结构。为提升文章档次，可穿插使用并列句或复合句以及其他复杂句式。同时语
17、句之间使用恰当的连接成分，使文意连贯。【点睛】这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求和提示，介绍了发生在湖南衡阳的这次自然灾害。首先文章内容完整，包含了题目中所要求的所有内容，没有遗漏要点。文章中作者按照时间的顺序，描述了灾难发生前、灾难中的情景以及灾难造成的损失和影响，并发表了自己的感受。层次清晰，结构有条理。其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，文章以一般过去时为主，注意了谓语动词过去式的变化，语法规范，用词准确，语言得体。文章中还使用了一些较好的短语和句型，如But nobody knew what was happening. 、A few minutes later, people h
18、eard the thunder and saw the lightning.、Thousands of people had nowhere to live. The students had no classrooms to have lessons、I think everyone should be willing to help people in need, and the world will be full of love.等。题组B 培优拔尖练每个人的生命只有一次，你平安、健康、快乐地长大是父母最大的心愿，你保护好生命是对父母最好的报答。请你以“How to protect
19、our lives” 为题，从安全和健康的角度入手，写一篇如何珍惜和保护我们生命的短文。要求：1.100200词；2.文中不要出现本人真实信息；3.根据提示词每个角度至少选择三个方面来写，也可适当发挥。提示词：traffic accident, fight, drown(溺水), fire, electricity, food, exercise, sleep, Internet, smoking, drugs, happiness._【答案】How to protect our livesEveryone has only one life. It is our parents best w
20、ishes to see us grow up safely and healthily. In return, we should treasure our lives. How to protect our lives?Firstly, now there are more and more cars, so when we walk on the road, we must obey the traffic rules, especially at the traffic lights. At school, we should get on well with our classmat
21、es. Dont fight with them, or well be hurt. Stay away from the dangerous places.Secondly, in my opinion, we should eat healthy food instead of junk food. Wed better have enough sleep and do exercise every day. We must refuse drugs as well as smoking. Besides, we are supposed to control the time of pl
22、aying computer games. Remember, happiness is the most important thing. So smile every day! Be happy every day!In a word, we must try our best to protect and value our lives!【详解】这是一篇话题作文，以“How to protect our lives”为题，从安全和健康的角度入手，写一篇如何珍惜和保护我们生命的短文。人称为第一人称，时态为一般现在时。动笔前先要认真阅读材料确定写作内容，列举出写作提纲；文章必须包括所列举的英语提示词，最后总结个人的观点。注意表达的条理性，用好连接词，可适当发挥使行文连贯，丰富文章的文采。用到的重点短语：Its ones best wish to do sth.做某事是某人最大的心愿，get on well with与某人和睦相处，fight with与争吵，instead of代替，had better最好做某事，be supposed to do sth.应该做某事，try ones best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事。