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1、Unit 4 Do it yourself 第4课时 Writing八年级英语上册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版） 知识精讲DIY是英文Do It Yourself的缩写，译为“自己动手做”。简言之，就是“亲力亲为”，原本是指不依赖或聘用专业的工匠，利用适当的工具和材料，自己来进行居家住宅的修缮工作。现在DIY概念不断扩大化，演变成了一种以休闲、发挥个人创意或培养爱好为目的的社会风尚。那么怎么样写好有关DIY的文章呢？首先我们要做到语言准确、简洁、有条理，符合逻辑，思路清晰，让读者一目了然。在写作中要注意以下事项：第一，对于所要描述的物品有较深刻的认识和了解，头脑中要像放幻灯片一样把材料和制作流程进
2、行一次形象的再现；第二，列出材料表，并注明各种材料的量；第三，列出写作中需要的关键词汇和句型。在列举句型时尽量考虑到复合句、简单句、长句和短句有机结合，富于变化，使文章生动。教材中出现的相关句型：1First，pick a piece of bread.Then put some tomato sauce on it.首先，拿一片面包。然后往上面放一些番茄酱。2I decided to.by myself.我决定亲自3I.because. 我因为4We had fun working together.我们一起工作很愉快。5Finally/In the end，. 最后，其他拓展句型：1I n
3、eed some paper，glue and a pair of scissors.我需要一些纸、胶水和一把剪刀。2He loves to repair things and decorate his house.他喜欢修理东西和装饰他的房子。3He once tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom，but he made a mistake.他曾经尝试在卧室安装一盏更亮的灯，但是他犯了一个错误。4Cut out pieces of card with a pair of scissors.用剪刀剪出几张卡片。能力拓展 分层提分题组A
4、能力提升练 昨天下午，你妈妈出去忙于购物，她没有时间做晚饭，于是你计划自己动手制作一份简单的三明治。过程：切开面包，放上番茄酱，涂上奶油，夹上火腿与蔬菜感受：这是第一次注意： 1、请按事件的起因、过程与感受三个部分的顺序部分记叙； 2、文章开头已经给出，但不计入总字数； 3、文章必须有必要的拓展，字数不得少于80。My mother went out for shopping yesterday afternoon. She didnt have much time to cook dinner for me. I_ _【答案】My mother went out for shopping y
5、esterday afternoon. She didnt have much time to cook dinner for me. I decided to eat sandwiches for dinner. First, I cut the bread into pieces. Then I put some tomato sauce on a piece of bread. Next I put some ham and vegetables on it. In the end, I put another piece of bread on the top of it and go
6、t a wonderful sandwich. It took about 15 minutes to finish. Lots of things went wrong during that time. I made a mistake when I read the instructions on the food bag.After that, I felt excited and had a good time having my sandwich and drinking coffee. This is the first time I cooked dinner for myse
7、lf. I hope I will learn a lot about cooking meals.【详解】1.题干解读：该题目属于材料作文写作，要求按照所给的要点提示写一篇短文，介绍你计划自己动手制作一份简单的三明治的过程。注意写作时要点要齐全，同时也可进行合理而又紧扣主题的发挥。2.写作指导：本文应该用第一、三人称来叙述；时态采用一般过去时；文章开头已给出，写作时，注意承接上文，根据要点提示具体请介绍我自己动手制作一份简单的三明治的起因、过程与感受；文中一定要包含题干中列出的所有要点；可以运用一些短语和常用句型为文章增添色彩；注意单词书写的准确度，语法运用的准确度，上下文注意连接的流畅度，
8、以及逻辑合理。题组B 培优拔尖练A请阅读下面的内容，写一篇70词左右的短文，介绍怎样做西瓜冷饮。What you need: some watermelon, 1 cup of orange juice, 3 spoons of sugar, ice creamHow to make one:1.cut the watermelon;2.Put the watermelon in the fridge for 20 to 30 minutes;3.Mix and add;4.Put in a glass.要求：1.语言通顺，条理清楚；2.开头已经给出，不计入总词数。Many of you mu
9、st want something cold and tasty to drink in summer. Now you can DIY some, for example, a watermelon cooler. _【答案】Many of you must want something cold and tasty to drink in summer. Now you can DIY some, for example, a watermelon cooler. To make a watermelon cooler, you need some watermelon, a cup of
10、 orange juice, 3 spoons of sugar and ice cream. First of all, cut the watermelon into small pieces. Then put them into a fridge and take them out 20 to 30 minutes later. And then mix them together with orange juice and sugar. To make the cooler nicer, you can add some ice cream in it. Now, it is fin
11、ished. Put it in a glass and enjoy it!【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇材料作文。要求根据要点提示，介绍怎样做西瓜冷饮。首先要认真审题，根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作。2.写作指导：文章时态用一般现在时，文章要紧扣题目的要点，围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等；语言的表述要符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；层次要分明、条理要清晰。B时代英语报举行一次“生活中的DIY”征文比赛。小明打算写一篇如何制作苹果色拉的英语小短文参赛。小明总结的制作要点如下：1）准备一个大碗.。2）把苹果洗净切成小块
12、，放入大碗。3）把其他你喜欢吃的水果（例如：梨、葡萄、菠萝等）切成小块，放入大碗。4）取一瓶奶油，倒入大碗，与各种水果搅拌均匀。 要求：1、内容必须包括以上要点；2、语句通顺，意思连贯；3、字数80词左右。How to make fruit salad_【答案】How to make fruit saladFirst, you have to get a big bowl t ready. Wash up the apples ,and cut them into small pieces. Next, put them into the big bowl. You can also add
13、some more fruit you like, such as pears, grapes, pineapples, etc. Cut them into small pieces too and put them into the bowl. Take out a bottle of cream and pour it in the bowl. Mix the fruit and cream together. Now the apple salad is finished!【解析】这篇作文要求我们以小明的身份讲述自己制作苹果沙拉的过程，题目中给出了具体的操作步骤，我们应用正确的英语将这
14、些内容表达出来。首先我们应仔细审题，这篇短文是说明文，要求我将制作苹果沙拉的过程表达清楚，因此文章中应用第二人称来叙述，或者使用祈使句。在文章的结构上，我们要注意使用表示先后顺序的副词，如first, then, next, finally等，使叙述过程清晰、有条理。文章中应恰当使用一些连接词，增强文章的连贯性。另外还应注意英语表达和汉语的不同，不要写汉语式的英语。点睛：这是一篇优秀的作文，短文内容完整，包含了题目中要求的所有信息，叙述清晰、条理。其次短文中使用了正确的人称和时态，语法规范，符合英语的表达习惯。短文中主要使用了一些祈使句来叙述制作苹果沙拉的过程。另外使用了表示先后顺序的一些词，
15、如First, Next等。短文中以简单句为主，还用了并列句，如Wash up the apples, and cut them into small pieces、Cut them into small pieces too and put them into the bowl、Take out a bottle of cream and pour it in the bowl、Mix the fruit and cream together等。文章中还使用了一些较好的短语，如have to, such as, putinto., cutinto等。C端午节是中国的传统节日。吃粽子是中国的一
16、种传统习俗。每年农历五月初，中国百姓家家户户要浸糯米、洗粽叶、包粽子。请根据以下提示，描写制作粽子的过程。要求：1、制作过程必须包括以下的五个环节；2、词数80词左右（开头的首句已给出，不计算在总词数内）。How shall we make Zongzi?To make this special food, we need to have _【答案】How shall we make Zongzi?To make this special food, we need to have one kilo of glutinous rice, half a kilo of beef, some re
17、d dates, two spoons of salt, some reed leaves and some strings.How to make Zongzi? First, put the glutinous rice into the clean water and keep it for two hours. At the same time, wash some reed leaves and cut the beef into pieces. Next, shape the reed leaves by hand. Then, fill them with the glutino
18、us rice and beef pieces. Add some red dates if you like. And then, tie Zongzi with strings. Finally, steam them.【分析】这是一篇材料作文，介绍制作粽子的过程。【详解】1.题干解读：结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时态，人称为第一，二人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：we need to，put the glutinous rice into，fill them with等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意祈使句的运用。写作
19、中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。2.例文点评：本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头介绍了制作粽子需要的材料，接下来介绍制作粽子的过程，最后介绍要蒸粽子。此处need to do sth, one kilo of, at the same time, cut into, fillwith.等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。D假设你叫Andy，你的好朋友Millie的妈妈快过生日了，她打算给她妈妈做一张生日卡片，向你请教怎么做。请你回复一封电子邮件告诉她如何去做。具体步骤如下:1.取一张干净的白色卡片;2.将其对折(fold it in half);3.在封面画上或剪一幅贴在封面上;4.在卡片里面写上祝福的
20、话语，比如。要求:1.邮件应包括上述所给信息，可以适当发挥; 2.行文连贯，书写规范; 3.词数80左右。Dear Millie, You asked me how to make a birthday card in your email. Here are some tips for you. Best wishes, Andy【答案】 Dear Millie, You asked me how to make a birthday card in your email. Here are some tips for you. First, take a piece of clean wh
21、ite card. Then, fold it in half Next, draw a beautiful picture on the cover and colour it. You can also cut out a picture of colourful balloons or flowers with scissors and stuck it on the cover. Finally, write down some words inside the card. For example, you can say love you, Mum or I hope you wil
22、l be young forever.Im sure you can make a very nice card for your mum ! Best wishes, Andy【解析】这篇作文要求我们以Andy身份给Millie写一封信，告诉她如何制作生日卡片，题目中给我们列出了具体的制作步骤，我们需要用英语将这些步骤表达出来。写作时，需要注意叙述这些步骤的时候要有条理，使用一些表示先后顺序的副词，如first, then, next, finally等等，使文章有条理，叙述清晰。还需要注意写完这些具体步骤之后，应有一个比较合理的结尾，如对Andy提出希望，相信她一定能做得很好等等。文章中要
23、多使用简单句，注意英语句式和汉语的不同，正确使用谓语动词的形式。穿插用一些并列句或者符合句，长短句结合，让文章富有节奏，表达流畅。点睛：这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求给Millie介绍了如何制作生日卡片，整篇文章叙述清晰、有条理，内容完整、充实。短文中分成三段，第一段是题目已经给出了的短文的开头，从第二段开始叙述了制作的过程，最后一段给予Millie信心，让她相信自己能做好，使整篇短文非常的完整。短文中的表达符合英语的习惯，句式简单、明了，表达准确，语法规范。短文中也使用了一些较好的短语和句型，如First, take a piece of clean white card. The
24、n, fold it in half Next, draw a beautiful picture on the cover and colour it中表示先后顺序的副词的使用；再如You can also cut out a picture of colourful balloons or flowers with scissors and stuck it on the cover.这个长句的表示非常准确；还有For example, you can say love you, Mum or I hope you will be young forever.中for example这个短语的使用等等。