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1、中考英语特殊句式知识讲解定义:特殊句式主要指倒装句、虚拟语气、强调句、省略句等。在写作时能恰到好处地运用这些句式,可以极大地提高语言的表现力和感染力,拥有表达亮点,使阅卷老师眼前一亮。特殊句式包括：倒装句、虚拟语气、强调句、省略句。倒装句：1.so/neither/nor+动词(be劝词/助动词/情态动词)+主语;2.由“only+副词/介词词组/状语从句”构成的状语位于句首时;3.句首以否定词(短语)或含有否定意义的词(短语)开头时;4.here或there位于句首时;虚拟语气：1.与现在事实相反,从句谓语用一般过去时；2.与将来事实相反，从句谓语可用一般过去时或should+动词原形或we
2、re to+动词原形;3.与过去事实相反,从句谓语用过去完成时;强调句： 1.强调句的基本用法；2.强调句的不同句式：陈述句的强调句型、一般疑问句的强调句型、特殊疑问句的强调句型；省略句： 简单句的省略、并列句的省略、复合句的省略。一、倒装句英语句子中的主语通常在谓语动词之前,这种语序称为自然语序;但有时为了表达的需要,需要把谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前,这种语序就称为倒装语序,倒装语序分为全部倒装和部分倒装。1.so/neither/nor +动词(be动词/助动词/情态动词)+主语此句型用于说明前面陈述的情况也适用于另一者。肯定情况用so,表示“另一者也如此”;否定情况用neither/
3、nor,表示“另一者也不如此”。eg.Tim works very hard. So does John.蒂姆学习很努力。约翰也很努力。 注意若对前面陈述的情况表示赞同、附和时,用自然语序,即“so +主语+be 动词/助动词/情态动词”,表示“的确如此”。此时前后两个句子的主语是同一人或物。eg .-She likes Chinese very much.他非常喜欢汉语。-So she does.的确如此。2.由only +副词/介词词组/状语从句”构成的状语位于句首时,句子需用部分倒装其结构为:only+副词/介词词组/状语从句+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语。eg.Only in this
4、 way can we solve the problem.只有用这种方式， 我们才能解决这个问题。注意以not only .but also.开头的分句,句子也需用部分倒装。eg.Not only is the activity interesting, but also it is very meaningful.这个活动不仅很有趣,而且很有意义。3.句首以否定词(短语)或含有否定意义的词(短语)开头时,句子需用部分倒装句子以not , never, hardly, nor, little, by no means, at no time, in no case等否定词(短语)或含有否定意
5、义的词(短语)开头时,需用部分倒装。其结构为:否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语。eg.Not a single mistake did she make in the exam, so she won the first place.她在考试中没有犯一个错误所以她得了第一名。4. here 或there位于句首时,句子需用全部倒装here 或there 位于句首,且句子主语是名词时,需用全部倒装。其结构为:副词+谓语+主语。 eg. Here comes the first bus. 第一班公共汽车来了。 There goes the bell.铃声响了。 注意:当句子主语是人称代词时,则
6、不用全部倒装。eg. Here you are.给你。二、虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测。它所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是客观存在的事实,甚至与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。eg.If I were you, I wouldnt do such a thing.如果我是你,我不会做这样的事。(与现在事实相反(事实:我不可能是你)If he should be here tomorrow, I would ask him about it.如果他明天来这里的话,我将问他这件事(与将来事实相反(事实:明天不会来)。If l had taken your adv
7、ice, I would have avoided the mistakes.如果我听取了你的建议，我就会避免这些错误。(与过去事实相反(事实:没有听取建议)三、强调句英语中常用的强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that/who.1.强调句的基本用法(1)该结构中被强调部分包括:主语、宾语、状语等。 eg.Mr. Liu taught us English last term.刘老师上学期教我们英语。 It was Mr.Liu that/who taught us English last term.( 强调主语) (2)在强调句型中,无论被强调部分指人还是指物、单数还是复数,b
8、e动词都用单数is/was。It was English that Mr. Liu taught us last term.(强调宾语) It was last term that Mr. Liu taught us English.（强调状语） (3)强调句的特征:去掉句中It is/was. that/who.,该句仍然成分完整。 eg.It was my mother who picked me up at the airport.My mother picked me up at the airport.是我妈妈在机场接我的。 2.强调句的不同句式该句型不能用来强调谓语动词,强调谓语动
9、词时,需借助助动词do/does/did;eg.She does know the place well.她的确很熟悉这个地方。not.until.句型的强调句结构为:It is/was not until +被强调部分+that +其他。eg.It was not until she finished the work that she went back home.直到她完成了工作她才回家。四、省略句按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分有时出于修辞上的需要并不在句子中出现,这种句子叫作省略句。省略句虽然省去句子语法结构所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达完整的意义。初中阶段常用的省略句型有以下几种:
10、1.简单句的省略(1)祈使句中省略主语youeg.( You) Sit down,please.请坐。/(You) Dont worry.别担心。 (2)省略主语eg.( It) Sounds like a good idea.听起来是个好主意。(3)省略主语和连系动词 eg,-How are you?你好吗? -(Im) Fine.Thank you.(我)很好。谢谢你。 (4)省略主语和谓语或谓语的一部分 eg.What an interesting movie( it is )! (它是)多么有趣的一部电影啊!(省略主语和谓语) (5)省略名词所有格所修饰的名词eg.It is not
11、my ruler. Its Bobs(ruler)这不是我的尺子。它是鲍勃的(尺子)。(6)省略与上文相同的不定式中的动词部分 eg.-Would you like to have bananas?你想吃些香蕉吗?-Yes, Id like to ( have bananas)是的,我想(吃香蕉)。(省略上文不定式中的动词部分) 2.并列句的省略在并列句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分,如主语、谓语动词。eg.The man looks serious but ( he ) treats us well.这个人看起来很严肃,但是对我们很好。(主语与前一分句相同) We were ti
12、red but ( we were) happy that day.那天我们很累但是很开心。(主语和谓语与前一分句相同) 3.复合句的省略(1)省略主语eg.( You) Have more tea if its delicious.如果茶好喝的话,多喝一点儿。(省略主语)(2)省略整个主句或主句的一部分eg.-Can I watch TV after supper,Dad?爸爸,晚饭后我能看电视吗? -After you finish your homework ( you can watch TV)完成作业之后(你可以看电视)。(3)用so或not 作替代词以避免重复在对话中,用Im af
13、raid, I think,I hope, I believe, I guess等来回答时,其后的宾语从句通常会省略,而用so(从句为肯定句)或not(从句为否定句)来代替。eg.-Do you think Lucy will win the match?你认为露西会赢得比赛吗? -I think so.我认为会的。(补充完整为:I think Lucy will win the match. ) -It is said that China has the largest number of mobile phone users.据说中国手机用户最多。 -I believe so.我认为是的
14、。(补充完整为:I believe China has the largest number of mobile phone users.)-Can we eat in the library?我们可以在图书馆吃东西吗? -Im afraid not.恐怕不能。(补充完整为:Im afraid we cant eat in the library. )句式升格用语法陈述句倒装句倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装。在句式升格方面主要运用部分倒装,所以此处仅对常见的部分倒装的句式运用进行讲解。试比较A. We can reduce air pollution by taking these measur
15、es.B. Only by taking these measures can we reduce air pollution.思考:你觉得哪个句子更好?好在哪里?Step 1 学概念eg.We(主语) can（情态动词） reduce the air pollution by taking these measures.Only by taking these measures can（情态动词）we（主语）reduce the air pollution. Step2 学升格only 的倒装情况1.You can speak English well by speaking more.On
16、ly by speaking more（only+介词短语）can you speak English well.2. I realized the importance of English then.Only then （only+副词）did I realize the importance of English.3. He realized the importance of the health when he was seriously ill.Only when he was seriously ill（only+状语从句）did he realize the importanc
17、e of the health.常见否定词否定单词:not, never, hardly, seldom, little, nowhere否定短语:at no time, by no means, in no way, in no case, under no condition, not only. but also.否定句型:Not until+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语No sooner had +主语+ done than.Hardly had +主语+ done when.so.that 的倒装情况1. She runs so fast that nobody can catc
18、h up with her.So fast（so+副词）does she run that nobody can catch up with her.2. He is so honest that everyone likes him. So honest（so+形容词）is he that everyone likes him.3. He spoke so loudly that people next to the room could hear him. So loudly（so+副词）did he speak that people next to the room could hea
19、r him.(al) though 引导的让步状语从句的倒装情况1.Although he is a child, he knows a lot. Child although（名词提前,省略冠词）he is, he knows a lot.2.Though he is rich, his life is not happy. Rich（形容词提前）though he is, his life is not happy.3.Though he worked hard, he made little progress. Hard（副词提前）though he worked, he made li
20、ttle progress.4. Though I lost money, I got a lot of exprience.Lose（动词提前）money though I did（加助动词）, I got a lot of experience,总结as/(al)though引导的让步状语从句变倒装句时,把作表语、状语或谓语的“名词/形容词/副词/动词等”提到句首。但需注意以下两点:1.名词提前时,要省略冠词;2.动词提前时,主语后要加上适当的助动词或情态动词。句式升格用语法陈述句强调句强调句有多种表现形式,此处我们仅对写作中很重要的句型“It is/was.that/ who.进行讲解。
21、Step1 学结构结构:It is/was+被强调部分（主语、宾语、状语指人，that, who均可，指物或其他,只能用that）+that/who +其他部分。其一般疑问句结构:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/ who +其他部分?eg.It was my mather who advised me not to give up painting.是我母亲劝我不要放弃绘画。Was it your mather who advised you not to give up painting?是你母亲劝你不要放弃绘画吗?注意not. until.句型的强调句It is/was not
22、until+被强调部分+that +其他部分,表示“直到.才。eg.They didnt start until the rain stopped. It was not until the rain stopped that they started.直到雨停他们才出发。Step2 学升格I met TFBOYS at the airport yesterday.我昨天在机场遇到了TFBOYS。 It was I that/who met TFBOYS at the airport yesterday.(强调主语)It was TFBOYS that/who I met at the air
23、port yesterday.(强调宾语) It was at the airport that I met TFBOYSyesterday.(强调地点状语) It was yesterday that I met TFBOYS at the airport.(强调时间状语)知识拓展强调句有一个特征:去掉it is/was.that/who结构,句意和句子结构依然完整。因此,我们可以将it is/was.that/who结构去掉,来验证所写的强调句是否正确。eg.It is Mr. Wang who teaches you English.Mr. Wang teaches you English.结论:句子去掉It is，who后,句意和句子结构依然完整,因此,该强调句书写正确。5