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1、中考英语特殊句式讲解一、感叹句感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。what和how与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。一、 由what引导的感叹句：what意为多么用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。【例】 What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！=What a clever girl! What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！=What an interesting story
2、! What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！=What good children! What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！=What beautiful flowers ! What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！=What delicious food! What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！=What heavy snow!二、由how引导的感叹句：how意为多么，用作状语，修饰形容词、副词或动词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词
3、；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，【例】 How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用what引导，也可用how引导。【例】 What a hot day it is! =What a hot day！=How hot the day is ! What
4、tall buildings they are! =What tall buildings！=How tall the buildings are! What bad weather it is! =What bad weather！=How bad the weather is! What bright sunshine it is! =What bright sunshine！=How bright the sunshine is!二、特殊疑问句一、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句1.特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。回答时不能使用yes或no。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词
5、组。what 疑问词小结：whatwhat class 哪个班what grade 哪个年级what day 星期几what time 几点what color 什么颜色what language什么语言how 疑问词小结：how 怎样how long多长时间（提问时间段）how often多久一次（对频率提问）how soon多久以后（对in短语提问）how many多少（提问可数名词数量）how much多少（提问不可数名词数量，也可提问价格）how far多远（提问距离）how heavy多重how wide多宽how tall/high多高how old多大（提问年龄）(3)其他以“w
6、”开头的疑问词小结：when什么时候；where哪里；which哪一个；who谁whose谁的；why为什么选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中的两种或种以上的情况用or连接，回答时不能使用yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。(1)一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+被选择音分？【例】-Do you like apples or pears?你喜欢苹果还是梨？-I like pears.我喜欢梨。(2)特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句，A or B?【例】-Which would
7、you like better,tea or coffee?-I like coffee better.你比较喜欢哪种，茶还是咖啡？我更喜欢咖啡。特殊句式-反意疑问句反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。反意疑问部分要与前面的陈述部分用逗号隔开，句末用问号。如果陈述部分是肯定结构，反意疑问部分就用否定结构，反之亦然。此问句可用yes或no来回答。反意疑问部分的主语要用代词，并与陈述部分主语一致，谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致。注意一、反义疑问句是疑问句的一种，它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问，形式上是一个省略问句，附加在陈述句后，即： 陈述句 + 逗
8、号 + 省略问句 + 问号 Youare from America, arent you? 注意二、遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则 Jim isnt in Class Four, is he? 注意三、附加疑问句必须前后两句主语相同 MrZhang has been here for four years, hasnt he? 注意四、附加疑问句部分与主语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记） 1this 或that改it，无论是否指人 Thisis your brother, isnt it? 2.these或those改they Those are books ,arent they? 3.
9、不定代词one改one或he One cant be always young, can / he? 4.something、anything、everything和nothing改it Nothing is serious, is it? (注意为什么后面用is it而不是isnt it?) Everything seems all right, doesnt it? 5.everybody、everyone、somebody、someone、anybody、anyone、nobody改they或he（任选，但选定后注意单复数形式） Everyone knows this, dont the
10、y / doesnt he? Nobody likes to lose money, does he? 6.each of改he或they Each of the boys had an apple, didnt he / they? 7.no one, none, neither, either改they 或he No one came, did they? 8.some of、none of 改it、they或you（联系上下文或句子） None of the food was delicious, was it? Some of the dustmen have come back, h
11、avent they? 9.由neithernor、not onlybut also、bothand、eitheror、notbut、or、and等连接的并列主语，改复数代词 Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Tom and Jack came, didnt they? 10.由动词不定式、动名词、从句或词组构成的主语，改it To learn English well isnt easy, is it? Swimming is great fun, isnt it? 11.the + 形容词表示一类人，改复数代词 The poor had no
12、 right (权力) to speak at the time, did they? 12.there 引起的句子（There be句型等），仍用there There stands a house and a lot of trees, doesnt there? There are many children in the park, arent there? 注意五、附加疑问句部分与谓语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）(初中阶段14点18点和19点可以常识性了解)1.have (有)改have或do Maryhas two brothers, doesnt she / hasnt she
13、? 2.have (有)必须与陈述部分一致Hehasnt a lot of time, has he? MissGreen doesnt have any money in her pocket, does she? 3.have不做“有”解释，必须用do Theyall have a good time, dont they? 4.have to用do或have Wehave to get up early, dont we / havent we? 5.have got to用have Wehave got to answer all the questions, havent we? 6
14、.had better用should或had Wehad better go right now, shouldnt we / hadnt we? 7.cant（不可能，表示推测）根据cant或的动词选择相应的形式 Hecant be a doctor, is he? Theworkers cant have finished their work, have they? 8.may 用may + 主语 + not （英语中不用maynt） Theymay be here next week, may they not? 9.must(必须)用neednt Youmust do it toda
15、y, neednt you? 10.must(应该)用mustnt I must study hard, mustnt I? 11.mustnt用must或may Youmustnt talk like that, must you? Wemustnt stay here any longer, must we? 12.“must be”对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理 2 反义疑问句 Hemust be happy, isnt he? Hemust be working hard at the office, isnt he? must表示推测时，也有用must
16、nt的Hemust have been working very hard, mustnt he? Youmust have told Mr Wang the secret, mustnt you? 13.“must + 完成时”表示对过去情况的推测，作一般过去时附加疑问句处理 Hemust have come yesterday, didnt he? Youmust have seen the play last week, didnt you? 14.“must + 完成时”用来推测过去的动作持续到现在按现在完成时的附加疑问句来处理 You must have studied Englis
17、h for years, havent you? He must have lived here for at least ten years, hasnt he? 14.实义动词need和dear用do Heneeds help, doesnt he? Ihave never dared to ask him, have I? 15.情态动词need和dear用need和dear Hedare not say so, dare he? Weneed not do it again, need we? 16.neednt 用need或must Youneednt go yet, need yo
18、u? Heneednt do that, must he? 17.“ would rather + 动词原形”和“would like to + 动词原形”用wouldnt He would rather read the text ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? Youd like to have some bananas, wouldnt you? 18.“ought to + 动词原形”用oughtnt 或shouldnt Thechild ought to be punished, oughtnt he? Weought to go ther
19、e, shouldnt we? 19.“used to + 动词原形” 用“didnt + 主语”或“usednt + 主语”或“used + 主语 + not” Heused to live in London, usednt he / didnt he? Heused to play football when he was a child , used he not? 注意六、句子中有seldom,hardly, no, not, never, few, little, nothing, nobody, nowhere等是否定句,附加疑问部分必须采用肯定形式 Nobody phoned
20、while I was out, did they? He is hardly able to swim, is he? There is little ink in your pen, is there? noone, nobody, none, nothing, neither等作动词的宾语时,附加疑问部分一般采用肯定形式(也偶尔用否定形式) He has nothing to say, does(nt) he? You got nothing from him, did(nt) you? 注意七、一些特殊句型的附加疑问句1.I am改arent I I am your friend, a
21、rent I? 2.I wish to do sth或I wish I 改may I I wish to go home, may I? I wish I were you, may I? 3.主从复合句,与主句的主谓语保持一致 He says that I did it, doesnt he? David wouldnt go there if it rained, would he? 4.并列句,与邻近的分句保持一致 Mary is a nice girl, but she had one short-coming, hadnt she? 5.表示邀请,请求的祈使句,附加疑问部分用will
22、 you或wont you或would you等,一般只要记住will you就可以了,不遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则 Come here, will you? Turn off the light, will you? Do sit down, will you? 6.表示告诉别人做某事的祈使句，用will you、can you、would you或cant you、wont you Stop talking, can you? Write down the new words, will you / wont you? 7.否定的祈使句用will you或can you Dont
23、 make a noise, will / can you? 8.Let me 用will you 或may I Let me help you, may I? Let me do it, will you? 9.Lets 表示建议包括听话人在内，用shall we Lets go for a walk, shall we? 10.let us 表示允许，不包括听话人在内，用will you Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 11.Let接第三人称宾语时用will you Let him come in, will you? 12.Lets not 用O
24、K或all right Lets not go to the party, OK / all right? 13.感叹句用一般现在时be的形式（故事中用一般过去时be的形式） What fine weather, isnt it? How clever the boy is, isnt he? 三、祈使句祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1.行为动词原形其它成分。【例】Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。2.Be动词其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。【例】Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。3.
25、Let宾语动词原形其它成分。【例】Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never，一般分为以下三种类型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont，构成Dont行为动词原形其它成分。【例】Dont say that again!别再那样说了！2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont，构成Dont be其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。【例】Dont be careless.不要粗心。注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。3.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用No名词/V-ing形式结构，
26、表示禁止做某事。【例】NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与wont保持一致。二是意思相反，即Yes是不的意思；No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与wont保持一致。二是意思相反，即Yes是不的意思；No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。- Dont go out, please.Its raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will.I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。6