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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件So,Im in Chile,in the Atacama Desert,sitting in a hotellobby,because thats the only place that I can get a Wi-Ficonnection,and I have this picture up on my screen,and awoman comes up behind me.当时我在智利，坐在阿塔卡马沙漠一家酒店的大厅里，因为那是我能找到的唯一有无线网络的地方。当时在我电脑屏幕上显示的是这张照片。正好有一位女士从我的身后走过来，00:12She says,Oh
2、,thats beautiful.她说：“哇，那真美！00:24What is it?Is that Jackson Pollock?这是什么？是杰克逊波洛克的作品么？“00:26And unfortunately,I can be a little too honest.但不幸的是，我有点过于诚实了，00:29I said,No,its-its penguin shit.我对她说说：”不，那是企鹅大便。“00:32(Laughter)And,you know,Excuse me!（观众笑）呃，你们知道的，（她的反应是）”什么！“00:35And I could sense that she
3、thought I was speakingsynecdochically.我能够感觉到 她以为我在开玩笑。00:39(Laughter)So,I said,No,no,really-its penguin shit.（观众笑）所以我补充说：”不，不，是真的，那真的是企鹅大便。“00:44(Laughter)Because I had just been in the Falkland Islandstaking pictures of penguins.（观众笑）因为我之前刚去了福克兰群岛 拍摄企鹅。00:52This is a Gentoo penguin.And she was stil
4、l skeptical.这是一只巴布亚企鹅。但她仍是将信将疑。00:59So literally,a few minutes before that,I downloaded thisscientific paper about calculations on avian defecation.大概在那几分钟之前，我下载了这篇 关于计算鸟类排便的论文。01:02Wi-Fi:abbr.无线保真技术(wirelessfidelity);无线上网技术 Pollock:n.鳕鱼类 Gentoo:n.巴布亚企鹅 skeptical:adj.怀疑的；怀疑论的，不可知论的 avian:adj.鸟的;鸟类的/
5、n.鸟 defecation:n.排便;澄清,净化Which is really quite interesting,because it turns out you canmodel this as something called Poiseuille flow,这真的很有趣，因为结论是 你可以用泊肃叶流来模拟它，01:11and you can learn an awful lot about the physics of the avianrectum.而且你可以学到很多 关于鸟类直肠的物理知识。01:18Actually,technically,its not a rectum.It
6、s called a cloaca.不过实际上那不是直肠，而是叫做泄殖腔。01:23At this point,she stops me,and she says,Who are you?在这时，她打断了我，她问道：”你是谁？“01:27Wha-what do you do?”你是做什么的？“01:33And I was stuck,because I didnt have any way to describewhat I do.我愣住了，因为我真不知道该怎么描述我的职业。01:37And so,in some sense,this talk today is my answer to th
7、at.从某种意义上讲，今天的演讲 就是对那个问题的回答。01:42Its a selection of a random bunch of the stuff that I do.今天的演讲收集了一些我所做的很随机的事情。01:48And its very hard for me to make sense of it,so Im not surethat you can.很难去解释他们，所以我也不敢确定你们可以。01:52Its the kind of thing that I sit up late at night thinking about,sometimes-often at fo
8、ur in the morning.我有时候会坐在那里思考这些事情直到深夜，甚至一直到早上4点。01:57So,some people are afraid of what I do.有些人对我所做的事感到害怕。02:03rectum:n.直肠 cloaca:n.泄殖腔;阴沟;下水沟 make sense of:搞清的意思 sit up:熬夜;端坐Some people think I am the nerd Tony Soprano,and inresponse,I have ordered a bulletproof pocket protector.有些人认为我是那个怪人托尼瑟普拉诺，于
9、是作为回应，我特地订了一个防弹保护袋。02:08Im not sure what these people think,because I dont speakNorsk.我不知道这些人在想什么，因为我不会说挪威语。02:16(Laughter)But Im not thinking monsteret is a good thing.（观众笑）但我可不觉得”怪兽“是个好东西。（挪威有一份杂志曾将梅尔沃德称为”专利怪兽“）02:20I dont know,you know?我不知到，你们知道么？02:26So,one of the things that I love to do is tra
10、vel around theworld and look at archaeological sites.环游世界和参观考古遗址 是我喜爱做的一件事。02:28Because archaeology gives us an opportunity to study past因为考古使我们有机会 去研究以前的文明，并去了解他们在哪些地方成功 或者失败了。02:33TED演讲者：Nathan Myhrvold|纳森.梅尔沃德演讲标题：A life of fascinations|考古，动物摄影，烧烤.内容概要：Nathan Myhrvold is a professional jack-of-al
11、l-trades.After leaving Microsoft in 1999,he.s been a world barbecue champion,a wildlife photographer,a chef,a contributor to SETI,and a volcano explorer.纳森.梅尔沃德讲述了一些他最近所着迷的东西动物摄影，考古，烧烤，和作为一个古怪的天才千万富翁。请聆听来自动物世界边缘的奇异故事。Because archaeology gives us an opportunity to study pastcivilizations and see wher
12、e they succeeded and where theyfailed.了解他们在哪些地方成功 或者失败了。02:33Use science to,you know,work backwards and say,Well,really,what were they thinking?利用科学去倒推，然后询问：”他们到底在想什么？“02:41And recently I was in Easter Island,which is an incrediblybeautiful place,and an incredibly mysterious place,becauseno matter w
13、here you go in Easter Island,youre struck bythese statues,called the moai.最近我去了复活节岛，那是个美得难以置信的地方，也是个十分神秘的地方，因为在复活节岛上，无论走到哪里，你都能见到那些被称为摩艾的雕像。02:46nerd:n.呆子;讨厌的人 Soprano:n.女高音;最高音部;女高音歌手/adj.女高音的;童声高音的 bulletproof:adj.防弹的protector:n.保护器;保护者;保护装置;防御者 archaeological:adj.古考古学的;古考古学上的 archaeology:n.考古学/考古
14、学的 civilizations:n.文明(civilization的复数形式)statues:n.建雕像(statue的复数)/v.在处装饰;用雕像装饰(statue的三单形式)The place is 64 square miles.岛的面积是64平方英里，03:00They made,so far as we can tell,900 of them.而据我所知，一共有900各这样的雕像。03:02Why on Earth?And if you havent read Jared Diamondsbook,Collapse,这到底是为什？如果你还没有读过 賈德戴蒙的大崩壞，03:07I
15、totally recommend that you do.我强烈推荐你去读一下。03:11Hes a got a great chapter about it.他的书中有一个关于这些雕像的章节写得很好。03:12Basically,these people committed ecological suicide in orderto make more of these.基本上，这些人 用自杀式的生态破坏 来建造更多这样的雕像。03:14And somewhere along the line,somebody said,I know!Letscut down the last tree
16、and commit suicide,because we needmore identical statues.在这过程中有人说道：“我知道了！让我们来砍掉最后一棵树，然后自杀，因为我们需要更多的一模一样的雕像。“03:21(Laughter)And-one thing that isnt a mystery,actually,waswhen I grew up,because when I was a little kid,Id seen thesepictures,and I thought,Well,why that look on the face?（观众笑）嗯.有一件事其实并不那么
17、神秘。当还是小孩的时候，我看到了这些照片，就想：”为什么是那样一副表情？03:29Why that brow?I mean,its such a powerful thing.为什么是那样的眉毛？”我的意思是，那是多么刚强有力。03:40Where did they get that inspiration?他们是从哪里得到的灵感？03:43And then I met Yoyo,who is the native Rapa Nuian guide,and if you look at Yoyos face,you kind of figure out wherethey got it.然后我
18、遇到了尤尤 一个土著拉帕努伊人导游。如果你们看一下尤尤的脸，你们或许就能知道他们灵感的出处。03:45so far as:只要;就而言;在范围内 Jared:n.杰瑞德(男子名)ecological:adj.生态的,生态学的 cut down:v.削减;砍倒;杀死;删节;胜过 identical:adj.同一的；完全相同的/n.完全相同的事物Theres many mysteries,these statues.关于这些雕像有很多秘密。03:54Everyone wants to know,how did they made them,how didthey transport them?每个
19、人都想知道，他们是怎样建成这些雕像的，又是怎样运输的？03:56This woman in the foreground is Jo Anne Van Tilberg.照片中在前面的这位女士是乔安妮范提尔伯格，04:00Shes the leading archaeologist working Easter Island today.她是当今在复活节岛上工作的考古学家中的佼佼者。04:03And she has studied the statues for 20-some years,and shehas detailed records of every single statue.她研
20、究这些雕像已有20多年，她还有每个雕像的详细资料。04:06The one on the page here is the same thats up there.册子上的那个雕像就是照片里那个。04:12One interesting problem,is the stone isnt very hard.一个有趣的现象是，那些石头并不是很硬，04:16So this used to be completely smooth.它们曾经是十分光滑的。04:19In fact,in many of the statues,when you excavate them,thebacks are t
21、otally smooth-almost glass smooth.事实上，在他们被挖掘出来的时候，狠多雕像的背后是完全平滑的，就像玻璃那样光滑。04:23But after 1,000 years out in the weather,they look like this.但是在经历几千年的风吹雨打之后 它们变成了现在这个样子。04:28www.XiYuS锡育软件Jo Anne and I have just embarked on a project to digitizethem all,and were going to do a very high-res digitization
22、,first because its a way of preserving them.乔安妮和我正着手把这些雕像数字化，我们要做高分辨率的，这首先是为了保存它们，04:32mysteries:n.神秘的事物;难以理解的事;古代的秘密宗教仪式(mystery的复数)foreground:n.前景;最显著的位置archaeologist:n.考古学家 excavate:vt.挖掘;开凿/vi.发掘;细查 embarked:vi.从事,着手;上船或飞机/vt.使从事;使上船digitize:vt.计数字化 high-res:(游戏用语)高解析度 digitization:n.计数字化,数位化,数码
23、化 preserving:n.保留,保存Second,we have these ideas about how you canalgorithmically,then,learn a few of the mysteries aboutthem.其次我们在想怎样可以通过算法 去研究它们的秘密。04:40How long have they been standing in what positions?它们在什么位置站立了多久？04:45And maybe,indirectly,get at some of the issues of whatcaused them to be the wa
24、y they are.也许还可以间接了解 是什么使它们变成现在这样。04:48While I was in Easter Island,Comet McNaught was there also,so,you get a gratuitous picture of a moai with a comet.当我在复活节岛时，麦克诺特彗星也在那里，于是就有了这张无偿照片，一个摩艾和一颗彗星。04:53I also have an archaeological project going on in Egypt.我在埃及也有一个考古项目，正在进行中。05:01Going on is perhaps
25、a little bit strong.“正在进行”这个词可能言过其实了。05:05Were trying to get all of the permissions to get everythingall set,to get it going.我们正在尝试得到各方面的批准，做好各种准备，然后开始着手工作。05:07So,Ill talk about it at a future TED.所以我将来会在TED谈一下这个。05:11But theres some amazing opportunities in Egypt as well.但是在埃及有一些非常令人惊讶的机会。05:13Ano
26、ther thing I do is I invent stuff.我还做一件事，就是搞发明。05:17In fact,I design nuclear reactors.事实上我设计核反应堆。05:21indirectly:adv.间接地;不诚实;迂回地 Comet:n.天彗星 gratuitous:adj.无理由的,无端的;免费的 permissions:n.许可,权限 all set:准备就绪,都安排好了 reactors:n.化工反应器(reactor的复数);反应者Not a joke.不是开玩笑的。05:25This is the conventional nuclear fuel
27、 cycle.这是一个常见的 核燃料循环。05:27The red line is what is done in most nuclear reactors.Itscalled the open fuel cycle.红线表示的是大部分核反应堆里的流程，叫做开放式燃料循环。05:31The white lines are whats called an advance fuel cycle,whereyou reprocess.白线部分被称为高级燃料循环，在这里进行再处理。05:38Now,this is the normal way its done.那么，这是通常的做法。05:42Its
28、 got the huge advantage that it does not create carbonpollution.它有一个很大的优势，就是不会产生二氧化碳污染。05:45It has a lot of disadvantages-each one of these steps isextremely expensive,its potentially dangerous and theyhave the interesting property that the step cannot beperformed in anyones back yard,which is a pro
29、blem.但它同时也有很多不足，这里的每一个步骤都很昂贵，也有安全隐患。而且有趣的是，任何步骤都不可能在家门口完成，这是个麻烦。05:50So,our reactor eliminates these steps,which,if we canactually make it work,is a really cool thing.而我们的反应堆省去了这些步骤。如果我们真的能做到，那将会是件很棒的事。06:03Now,Its kind of nuts to work on a new nuclear reactor.研究新的核反应堆听上去很疯狂。06:11Theres-no reactors
30、been even built to an old design,much less a new one,in the United States for 25 years.在美国，近25年内 没有建过一个反应堆，不管是老设计，还是新设计了。06:14reprocess:vt.再加工;使再生 disadvantages:n.劣势;不利条件;损害(disadvantage的复数)/v.使处于不利地位;使受损(disadvantage的三单形式)potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地 reactor:n.化工反应器;核反应堆;起反应的人 eliminates:消除/排除 much less
31、:更不用说;不及Its the kind of very high-risk,but potentially very high-return thing that we do.我们所做的事是高风险的，但也是高回报的。06:22Changing into a totally different field,we do a lot of stuff insolid-state physics,particularly in an area calledmetamaterials.在另一个完全不同的领域，我们从事很多固体物理学，尤其是超材料方面的研究。06:28A metamaterial is
32、an artificial material,which manipulates,inthis case,electromagnetic radiation,in a way that youcouldnt otherwise.超材料是一种人造材料，在这个例子中它可以操控电磁辐射，这是天然材料做不到的。06:34So this device here is an invisibility cloak.这个装置是一个隐形斗篷。06:44It may not seem that,but if you were a microwave,this ishow you would view it.看上去
33、很难想象，但如果你是一束微波，你将会看到这样的现象。06:49Rays of light-in this case,microwave light-come in,andthey just squish around the cell,and they come back theother side.光束，这里特指微波，从一边进来，绕过这个装置，然后从另一边出去。06:54Now,you could do that with mirrors from one angle.你可以利用镜子在特定角度做到同样的效果，07:01high-risk:adj.高危险度的 solid-state:adj.固
34、态的;固态电子学的;固态物理学的;使用电晶体的 manipulates:vt.操纵;操作;巧妙地处理;篡改 electromagnetic:adj.电磁的 in a way:在某种程度上;有点儿;十分激动 invisibility:n.看不见;看不见的东西;难看见 cloak:n.斗蓬;宽大外衣;托词/vt.遮掩;隐匿 microwave:n.微波 Rays:n.射线;光线(ray的复数);日光浴/v.辐射(ray的三单形式);照射 squish:n.咯吱声;挤扁/vt.压扁;把.挤扁/vi.发出嘎吱声The cool thing is,this does it from all angles
35、.但神奇的是，用它，你可以在任何角度做到。07:03Metamaterials,unfortunately-A,it only works onmicrowave,and B,it doesnt work all that well yet.可惜的是，超材料 第一，只对微波有效，第二，还并不那么理想。07:06But metamaterials are an incredibly exciting field.但是超材料是一个令人难以置信的领域，07:13Its-you know,today Id like to say its a zero billion dollar它是，嗯，我想说，在当
36、今是没有效益的，事实上是负产出的。07:16Its-you know,today Id like to say its a zero billion dollarbusiness,but,in fact,its negative.上是负产出的。07:16But some day,some day,maybe its going to work.但是终有一天，那可能会实现。07:23We do a lot of work in biomedical fields.我们在生物医药方面做很多工作。07:27In this case,were working with a major medical
37、foundationto develop inexpensive ways of diagnosing diseases indeveloping countries.具体说来，我们致力于一个医疗基金会,来促进发展中国家中 便宜的医疗诊断。07:30So they say the eyes are the windows of the soul-turns outtheyre a window to a whole lot more stuff.人们说眼睛是心灵的窗户，实际上那是通向万物的窗户。07:39And-these happen to be my eyes,by the way.顺便提
38、一下，那是我的眼睛。07:44Now,Im also very interested in cooking.我也很热衷于烹饪。07:49While I was at Microsoft,I took a leave of absence and wentto a chef school in France.当我还在微软的时候，有一次我请假去法国一所厨师学校。07:52some day:总有一天;将来有一天;来日 biomedical:adj.生物医学的 inexpensive:adj.便宜的 diagnosing:n.诊断/v.诊断(diagnose的现在分词)I used to work,a
39、lso while at Microsoft,at a leading restaurantin Seattle,so I do a lot of cooking.在微软工作时，我也曾同时在西雅图一家知名餐馆工作，所以我经常下厨。07:57Ive been on a team that won the world championship ofbarbecue.我还曾和队友一起 赢得了烧烤比赛的世界冠军。08:05But barbecues interesting,because its one of these cultfoods like chili,or bouillabaisse.烧烤
40、很有趣，因为它是一种让一部分人狂热的食物，就好像辣椒或者马赛鱼汤。08:10Various parts will have a cult food that people getenormously attached to.很多地方都有 这样让人十分着迷的食物。08:15Theres tremendous traditions,theres secrecy,and Imtrying to use a very scientific approach.这里面有很多的传统和秘密，而我尝试用一种 十分科学的方式来烹饪。08:19So this is my latest cooker,and if t
41、his looks morecomplicated than the nuclear reactor,thats because it is.这个是我最新的一个烤箱，如果它看上去比核反应堆更复杂，那是因为事实就是这样的。08:26But if you get to play with all those knobs and dials-and ofcourse,really the controller over there does it all on software-you can make some terrific ribs.你要是很好地操作这些旋钮和拨盘，当然这些控制都是通过电脑软
42、件实现的，你就可以制作出美味的排骨。08:36championship:n.锦标赛;冠军称号;冠军的地位 barbecue:n.烤肉;吃烤肉的野宴/vt.烧烤;烤肉 chili:n.红辣椒,辣椒bouillabaisse:n.浓味鱼肉汤;法式海产什烩 enormously:adv.巨大地，庞大地；非常地，在极大程度上 tremendous:adj.极大的，巨大的；惊人的；极好的 traditions:传统 secrecy:n.保密;秘密;隐蔽 cooker:n.炊具;烹饪用水果;窜改者 knobs:n.把手(knob的复数);凸岩 dials:n.转盘;刻度盘;钟面/vi.拨号/vt.给拨号打
43、电话 ribs:n.解剖肋骨;排骨(rib的复数)(Laughter)This is a high-speed centrifuge.（观众笑）这是一个高速离心机。08:45You should all have one in your kitchen beside yourTurbochef.你们都应该有一台，就在厨房里快速烘烤箱边上。08:50This subjects food to a force about 50,000 times that ofnormal gravity,and oh boy,does it clarify chicken stock.它对食物施加相当于5000
44、倍重力 的力量。哦孩子，它能过滤鸡汤？08:54You would not believe it!你是不会相信的！09:01I perform a series of ghoulish experiments on food-in thiscase,trying to calibrate a mathematical model so that onecan predict exactly what the internal cooking times are.我对食物做过一系列 残酷的实验，这一次是要校对一个数学模型，是为了准确预测 内部烹调时间。09:04It turns out,A,it
45、s useful,and for a geek like me,its fun.这个实验很有用，而且对于我这样一个反常的人来说也很有趣。09:15Theory is red,black is experiment.红色的是理论预测，黑色的是实验结果。09:18So Im either really good at faking it,or-or this particularmodel seems to work.所以说，要不就是我真的很善于作假，不然的话就是这个模型很有效。09:22So,another random thing I do is the search forextraterr
46、estrial intelligence,or SETI.我所做的另一件事 是寻找外星智慧，或者说搜寻地外文明。09:28And you may be familiar with the movie Contact,你可能熟悉超时空接触这部电影，09:34centrifuge:vt.用离心机分离;使受离心作用/n.离心机;机化工离心分离机 ghoulish:adj.食尸鬼似的;令人毛骨悚然的calibrate:vt.校正;调整;测定口径 geek:n.做低级滑稽表演的人,反常的人;畸形人;野人/n.(俚)极客,即智力超群,善于钻研但不懂与人交往的怪才 faking:n.作伪;诈骗/v.假装;编
47、造;冒充(fake的ing形式)extraterrestrial:adj.地球外的/n.天外来客familiar with:熟悉which sort of popularized that.正是这部电影使搜寻外星智慧流行起来。09:36It turns out there are real people who go out and search forextraterrestrials in a very scientific way.其实真的有人 用科学的方式去搜寻外星智慧。09:38In fact,almost everybody in the movie is based on a r
48、ealcharacter,a real person.事实上，电影中几乎每个角色 都是根据真实人物改编的。09:44So,the Jodie Foster character here is actually this woman,JillTarter,and Jill has dedicated her life to this.朱迪福斯特扮演的角色 其实就是这位女士，吉尔塔特。吉尔将她的一生都奉献给这个事业。09:50You know,a lot of people risk their lives in a brief act ofheroism,which is kind of coo
49、l,but Jill has what I call slowheroism.嗯，很多人冒生命危险 去做英雄主义的行为，这看起来很酷。但是吉尔所做的，我把它称为缓慢的英雄主义。09:59She is risking her professional life on something that her owncalculations show may not work for a thousand years-maynot ever.她为一些一千年后，甚至永远都不会成功的事，赌上了她的职业生涯。10:09So I like to support people that are risking
50、their lives.我支持这样的人。10:19After the movie came out,of course,there was a lot ofinterest in SETI.当电影上映之后，自然掀起了一股地外文明热。10:22My kids saw the movie,and afterwards they came to me andthey said,So,Dad,so-so-that character-thats Jill,right?我的孩子们看了电影之后 就对我说：“爸爸，那个角色就是吉尔，是不是？”10:25popularized:vt.普及;使通俗化/vi.通俗