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1、Unit 4 Growing up 知识梳理5知识点一词组、短语归纳Welcome to the unit1. on ones mind2. grow up3. learn about the world4. in different times5. through the Internet6. a great deal informationReading7. try out for sth.8. lose heart9. score 20 points10. change ones mind11. become leader of the team12. succeed in doing
2、sth；13. take notice of sb.14. have many great achievements15. never give up找在心上，惦念成长，长大了解这个世界在不同的时期通过因特网大量的信息参加，选拔（或试演）泄气，灰心得了 20分改变主意成长为队里的领导者成功地做某事注意到某人获得许多伟大的成就从不放弃Grammar and Integrated Skills and Study Skills16. break out17. a record of.18. become a symbol of the victory19. go into hiding20. di
3、e of illness爆发的记录成为胜利的一个标志躲藏起来死于疾病21. write down her thoughts写下她的想法=Mr Green was very tired, but he went on working.虽然格林先生很累了，但他仍然继续工作。14. After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.在他毕业后，他被迫去另一个篮球联赛打球。解析：force是及物动词，意为“强迫，迫使force sb to do sth迫使某人做某事例：They forced us to wor
4、k there.他们强迫我们在那里劳动。拓展：force n.力量，武力、势力，是不可数名词；by force意为“以武力”。例：They took the young man by force. 他们以武力带走了那个年轻人。固定搭配:by force of用的手段；come into force开始生效，开始实行。15. He had many great achievements, but his proudest moment came in 1986he won the Slam Dunk Contest.他取得过许多伟大的成绩，但是最让他自豪的那一刻是在1986年一他在灌篮比赛中获胜
5、了。解析：achievement是可数名词，意为“成就，功绩例： The scientist is famous for his scientific achievements.这位科学家以他的科学成就而著名。拓展：achieve vt获得;完成;取得。彳列： He will do anything in order to achieve his aim.为了实现他的目标，他将做任何事情。16. They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of sentences.它们可以被放在句子的开头或中间。解析：句中can be placed
6、是含情态动词的被动语态，其结构为：情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词。例： Many tall buildings can be seen everywhere in my hometown.在我的家乡到处可以看到许多高楼大厦，-beginning是名词,意为“开始,起初,开端部分”,其反义词是end, at the beginning意为“起初，开始, 原先“，相当于atfirst,反义词组是atlast。例：Everything must have a beginning.凡事都得有个开头。A good beginning is half done. 好的开始是成功的一半。Well fin
7、d it difficult to learn English at the beginning.起初我们会觉得英语难学。拓展:at the beginning of意为“在的开始”时，指时间;意展农开头的部分”时，指空间;其反义词组是 at the end of。例：At the begining of the class, Mr Wang told us a story.刚开始上课时，王老师给我们讲了一个故事。17. We played basketball in the playground this afternoon till it was getting dark.今天下午我们在操
8、场上打篮球直到天黑。解析：dark是形容词，意为“黑暗的”，反义词是bright,意为“明亮的，例：It was too dark inside to see much. 里面太黑，看不见什么东西。拓展：dark adj.（头发、皮肤等）黑色的，深色的；n.暗处；darkly adv.黑暗地；darkness n.黑暗。例：11汰e light green, but she prefers dark blue.我喜欢浅绿色，但她更喜欢深蓝色。He has dark hair. 他长着黑发。Cats can see in the dark. 猫在暗处能看到东西。18. We enjoyed ou
9、rselves very much.我玩得常高兴。解析：enjoy oneself意为“玩得高兴,过得愉快”,相当于have a good time或have fun.彳列：The children enjoyed themselves at the party last nigh.在昨晚的聚会上，孩子们玩得很开心。固定搭配：enjoy doing sth意为“喜欢做某事”。例：My parents enjoy walking in the park.我父母喜欢在公园里散步。注意：enioy后面的反身代词要和前面的主语在人称和数方面保持一致；enjoy后可接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式，但不
10、能接动词不定式。19. The best moment in his career was in 2004 - he scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks.他职业生涯中最好的时刻是在2004年在和亚特兰大鹰队的一场比赛中他得了 41分。解析：against是介词，意为“对抗，与相反，违反”。例：I am against your plan.我反对你的计划。固定搭配：be against反对；go against反对，不利于；against one，s will/ wishes 违背某人的意愿； over against 与相反
11、；be up against面临（困难等），遭到,顶撞；against a rainy day未雨绸缪，以防不测。20. When Yao Ming was living in the USA, he returned to China whenever he was needed.当姚明住在美国时，无论他何时被需要，他都会回国。解析：returm是不及物动词，意为“回到，返回”，相当于go/come back。表示“回到某处”时，要用“return to+ 地点名词或短语“，但当return后接地点副词时，则不加介词to；表示“从某处回来”时，要用“return from+地 点名词或短语工
12、例： When he returned from Shenzhen, he brought lots of CDs.他从深圳回来时，带回了许多光盘。拓展：(1) return vt.归还，退还，相当于give back.彳列： We should return the books to the library on time.我们应该按时把书归还给图书馆。return n. 归还，回归。例：On his return, he found her asleep.他回来时，发现她睡着了。注意：return做动词，意为“归还”时，后面不能再用back。因为return本身含back之意。归还某人钱时
13、， 一般不说return some money to sb,但可以说give back some money to sb,因为return强调的是归还原来的东 西。21. After he ended his basketball career, Yao has done more charity work, especially for poor Chinese teenagers.在他结束了篮球生涯后，姚明做了更多的慈善工作，尤其是为贫困的中国青少年。解析：especially是副词，意为“特别，尤其是例：一Do you like sweet things?你喜欢甜食吗？-Not espe
14、cially.不是特别喜欢。拓展：special adj .特别的。例：We all think he is a special man.我们都认为他是一个特别的人。22. World War II broke out in Europe in 1939 and ended in 1945.第二次世界大战1939年在欧洲爆发，在1945年结束。解析：break out意为(战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发。break通常是不及物动词，意为“破碎；中断；折断”， 通常由物做主语。例：Glass breaks easily.玻璃易碎。The big fire broke out last night.
15、昨晚突然发生大火。固定搭配：break down (机器、车辆等)坏了，(身体)垮了，(计划、谈判)失败break into闯入，打断； break away逃离，与决裂break in 打断；break off 中断； have/ take a break 休息；break time休息时间；break ones heart使某人伤心break the law 违反法律。23. Life changed for everybody, including women and children because of the war.因为这场战争，每个人的生活都改变了，包括妇女和儿童。解析：inc
16、luding是介词，意为“包括，包含在句中引导介词短语，其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾 语。一般情况下,其前都有一个逗号将其与前面的主要成分隔开。仞U： Thirteen people were hurt in the accident, including five children.在这场事故中有13人受伤:其中包括5名儿童。拓展：include vt.包括，包含；强调“包括作为整体的一部分”的含义。例：The name list included her name. 这份名单上有她的名字。24. Anne and her elder sister died of illness.
17、安妮和她的姐姐死于疾病解析：die是不及物动词，意为“死，死亡”，它是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用。例：My grandmother died in 1998.我奶奶在1998年去世了。拓展：die的现在分词形式是dying,形容词形式是dead,名词形式是death.例：The patient is dying.这个病人快死了。A dead man can never come back to life.人死不能复生。He was happy to the day of his death.一直到死他都很幸福。辨析：die from, die of(1)两者都表示“因而死”，在
18、表示“因病而死”时，两者可互换。例：He died from/of lung cancer.他死于肺癌。(2) die from一般指除疾病或感情以外的原因，如事故、饮食等外部因素引起的死亡。(3)dieof常指由于疾病、情感、饥饿或年老等原因而造成的死亡。彳列： The old woman died of grief soon after her husbands death.那位老妇人在丈夫去世后不久就因悲伤而死。25. her father had her diary published她的父亲出版了她的日记解析：have sth done意为“让某事被.；某物遭受”，其结构为：“hav
19、e+宾语+动词的过去分词”。例：When are you going to have your hair cut?你打算什么时候理发？26. During that difficult time, Anne kept writing in her diary until they were discovered by the Nazis in August 1944.在那段艰苦的岁月里，安妮坚持写日记直到1944年8月他们被纳粹分子发现。解析：keep doing sth意为“不停地做某事”。例：He kept nodding when he listened to me.他听我说的时候，不断
20、地点头。固定搭配：keep sth保存/保管某物；keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事keep sb/sth使某人/菜物保持某种状态；keep sth from sb瞒着某人某事；keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事。例：When you do eye exercises, you must keep your eyes closed.当你做眼保健操时，你必须闭着眼睛。You are keeping something from us,arent you?你有什么事瞒着我们，是吧？辨析：keep doing sth, keep on doing sth(1)
21、 keep doing sth多表示某个动作连续不断地进行，中间无停顿，后接表示静态含义的动词，如sit, wait,stand 等。彳列： Tom kept sitting there for half an hour without moving.汤姆一动不动地坐在那儿半个小时了。(2) keep on doing sth表示不顾困难反对、警告而坚持做某事，或表示经过一段时间的间隙后继续做同一件 事，后接表示动态含义的动词,如walk, write, talk等。例： They kept on working in the fields, though it was raining.虽然正
22、在下雨但是他们还是继续在田里干活。27.1 admire these children for their courage.我钦佩这些孩子的勇气。解析：courage意为“勇气，胆量”，是不可数名词。例：You should take courage.你应该鼓起勇气。拓展： encourage vt.鼓励。固定搭配：have courage to do sth有勇气去做某事；encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事。28. It is not an imaginary story but a true experience of a teenager in wartime.这
23、不是个虚构的故事，而是在战争时期一个青少年的真实经历。解析：experience是可数名词，意为“经历”。仞U ：Please tell me your experiences while you were in Australia.请告诉我你在澳大利亚的经历。拓展：experience n.经验，体验，是不可数名词；vt.经历,体验。例：She has no driving experience.她没有驾驶经验。Have you ever experienced real hunger?你曾经历过真正的饥饿吗？29. In this book, Anne,a Jewish girl, des
24、cribes her boredom with being away from the outside world,.这本书里，安妮，一个犹太女孩，描述了她远离外界的厌烦.解析：descibe是及物动词，意为“描述，形容”，主要指用语言描述人或事物，以提供一个清晰的印象。descibesth to sb意为“向某人描述某物”;descibe.as意为“把说成”例：The teacher asked us to describe the party.老师要我们描述一下那个聚会。The little boy cant describe the matter to you.这个小男孩无法向你描述这件
25、事。That young man describes himself as a postman.那个年轻人自称是个邮递员。拓展:description n.描述,描绘。例：Write a description of your favourite animal,描述一下你最喜欢的动物。30. related to the Jews和犹太人相关的解析：related adj.相关的；relate是动词，意为“与有某种关系；涉及“relate with意为“使相关，使符合“；relate to意为“与有关，和相处工例：It is difficult to relate these results
26、with any known cause.很难把这些结果与任何已知的原因联系在一起。How do you relate to others ?你和别人如何相处？ 拓展：relative n.亲戚；relations关系，亲属关系,是可数名词。31. a book which sells well 一本畅销书解析：sell是动词，意为“卖,销售”；sell well意为“畅销,卖得好”,不可用于被动语态中；sell out意为“卖 光,售完、be sold out是被动结构，意为“被卖光，被售完”。例：This kind of MP3 sells well on the market. 这款 M
27、P3 在市场上很畅销。拓展：seller n.售货员，销售员，是可数名词；sale n.出售，销售量；on sale出售，上市（指商品的出售）；for sale供出售，待售。32. My father is in his fifties.我爸爸五十多岁。解析：“in ones +数词复数”意为“某人处于某个年龄段”，如in one*s twenties,意为“某人二十多岁”。例： The old man was very farmous in his thrties.这位老人在他三十多岁时就很有名。拓展：“in the+数词复数”意为“在某个年代”,$0 in the nineties,意为“
28、在90年代”。33. You will not find anything unusual about him until you learn more.直到你了解更多，你才会发现他的不同寻常之处。解析：unusual是形容词，意为“不寻常的，异常的”。例：Thats an unusual day for him.对他来说那是个不寻常的日子。拓展：usual adj.通常的，平常的；usuaHy adv.通常。固定搭配：as usual像往常一样，照例。例：I go to school by bike as usual.我像往常一样骑车去上学。34. To my surprise, he ha
29、s decided to donate his body for medical research after his death.让我惊讶的是，他已决定死后捐献遗体供医学研究。解析：surprise在这里是不可数名词，意为“惊奇，诧异”。例：He looked up in surprise.他惊奇地抬头看了一下。拓展:1 surprise vt.使感到惊讶，使惊奇；surprised adj.感到惊奇的，感到震惊的；surprising adj.令人惊讶的, 使人惊讶的。例：I surprised everyone by wearing a terrible mask.我带了一副可怕的面具，
30、使大家受惊了。固定搭配：含surprise的短语in surprise惊奇地be surprised at .感到惊讶to one* s surprise使某人惊讶的是be surprised to do sth对做某事感到惊讶in suiprise惊奇地be surpised at感到惊讶to one1 s surprise使某人惊讶的是be surprised to do sth对做某事感到惊讶2、medical是形容词，意为“医疗的，医药的，药的“，常做定语，修饰名词；medical research意为“医学研 究”;medical treatment 意为医疗”。例： The stu
31、dents have a medical examination every year.学生们每年进行一次体检。注意：medical没有比较级和最高级。固定搭配：含medical的短语medical care 医疗护理medical college 医学院medical examination 体检medical team 医疗队medical workers 医疗队员拓展：medicine n.药、内服药；医学、是不可数名词。take/have some/ the medicine 月艮药。例：Did you give him any medicine? 你给他药 了 吗？You shoul
32、d take the medicine three times a day, and you will be better soon,你应该每天服用三次药，很快就会好些的。为生命安全担忧发现些不事常的事令人惊讶的是医学研究22. in fear of ones life23. find something unusual24. to one surprise25. medical research国知识点二重点句型26. Whats on your mind, Eddie?埃迪,在想什么呢？27. I m growing too big for my house now.对我的家来说，我现在已
33、经长得太大了。28. Books allow me to learn about people in different times and places, and I can read them whenever I want to.书 让我了解不同时代和地方的人们。我随时可以看。29. As soon as you click the mouse, theres a great deal of information.就在你点击鼠标的时候,就会有大量的信 息。30. He practised even harder and got the coach to change his mind.
34、他训练得更加努力,而且使得教练改变了他 的主意。31. However, no university would invite him to play basketball simply because he was only 170 cm tall. 然而，没 有大学想要邀请他打篮球赛，仅仅因为他只有170厘米高。32. As a result, he succeeded in getting a scholarship.结果，他成功地获得了奖学金。33. He remained there for about a year before the NBA took notice of him
35、.在全美篮球协会发现他之前 1 他在 那儿待大祭勺一年。34. Through hard work. Spud Webb proved that size and body type doesnt matter you can do almost anything if you never give up.通过努力，斯伯特韦伯证明了高矮瘦胖不重要，一只要你永不放弃，没 有什么你做不到的。35. World War II broke out in Europe in 1939 and ended in 1345.第二次世界大战于 1939 年爆发于欧洲，并于 1945年结束。36. It was
36、 a record of that time, and it has also become a symbol of the victory of the human spirit.这个日记是对 那个时期的一个记录，这也成了人类精神胜利的一个标志.37. I admire these children for their courage.我羡慕这些孩子的勇气38. Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives.尽管我们生活在和平年代，世
37、界上其他地区的一些孩子还在为生命安全担优。39. You will not find anything unusual about him until you learn more.你将找不到任何有关他的不寻常的事，直到你了解更多。40. To my surprise, he has decided to donate his body for medical research after his death.令我惊讶的是，他 已决定死后捐献遗体供医学研究。髭 知连词例句说明时whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋
38、时，他正在写信。when后从句的动词可以是延续性 的，也可以是非延续性的，问while While it was raising, they went out.正当天下雨的时候，他们出去了。（2）1 stayed while he was away.他不在的时候而我在。（然而）while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间。有时表示主从句的轻微转折，译为：“然而”while引导的动作必须是持续性状All of us are working hard while he issleeping.(然而,并列连词)的。语as He hurried home, looking behind as he wen
39、t.他赶快回家，一边走一边向后看。 As time goes by, I like China better.随着时间的流逝，我越来越喜欢中国。as （译为“一边一边”）引 导持续性动作，强调主句和从句 的动作同时发生；as译为“随着.”从before I finished my task before I went home.我做完作业才回家。 Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生,再做先生。在.以前句afterHe arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。after ”在之后”tillWe wait
40、ed till(until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。如主句动词是持续性动作，常 用肯定式,表示“直到为止、untilShe didnt stop working until eleven oclock.她直到11点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。(2)not.until.表示“直至U.才”“在以前不”。主句通常用瞬间动词。这时until 可用before替换。例J He didnt leave until/beforeI came back.有时可用ne
41、ver, nothing代替not.如果从句放在句首表小强调，般用until,不用till.sinceGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变 化。现在完成时+since+点时间/ago/一般过去时句子as soon asAs soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Illas soon as 一就”。如果主句write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。My brother went out as soon as I got home.Ill phooe you as so
42、on as I arrive in Tonghua.是一般将来时，情态动词加动词 原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句 用一般现在时。当主句是一般过去时，从句一般 也用一般过去时，简言之：圾 祈/情从现；主过从过wheneverWhenever he sees the book, he will think of the good memory.无论何时，他看到那本书，他都会想起 美好的记忆。whenever = no matter when无论何时M知识点四重点知识1. Whafs on your mind,Eddie?你在想什么呢，埃迪？解析：on ones rmind意为“挂在心上;惦念”，其中
43、的mind是可数名词，意为“头脑，思想”。例：He is very worried these days. Hes got a lot on his mind.这几天他很担心。他烦心事很多。拓展：mind v.意为“关心，照顾；介意；在乎；反对”，常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，其后常接名词、 代词或动词-ing形式做宾语。例：Do / Would you mind opening the door?请你把门打开好吗？固定搭配：含mind的短语never mind 不要紧 keep . in mind t己住change ones mind 改变主意make up ones mind 做出决定
44、2. Growing up is hard!成长真难啊！解析：该句是动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例：Playing computer games is great fun.玩电脑游戏很有趣。3. You* ve been happy since I first met you.自从我第一次见到你，你就一直很快乐。解析：first做副词,意为“第一；首先,起初”。例：First Ill call your narmes.首先我来点名。辨析：first, at first, firstly(1) first和at行rst都可表示“起初，开始的时候”，first多用在句中，而at firs
45、t常用在句首或句末；自rst还可 意为“第一”。(2) firstly通常仅限于列举事例、排列顺序，这时可用first替换。4. Dont wake me up until you Hnish building it.直到你建完它再叫醒我。解析：wake up意为“叫醒，醒来”，是动词+副词理短语，如果是代词做宾语,应置于wake和up之间；如 果是名词做宾语，既可置于wake与up之间，也可置于up之后。例：Please wake him up before 8 oclock.请在八点钟之前叫醒他。Please wake up Lucy at seven.请在七点叫醒露西。5. Books
46、allow me to learn about people in different times and places, and I can read them whenever I want to.书让我了解不同时期和地点的人们，而且无论什么时候我想读书都能读。解析：1、time是可数名词，意为“时期,时代”,常用复数形式，in different times在不同的时期。例： Here are some cars in different times in Germany.这里是一些德国不同时期的汽车。拓展：time n.时间（不可数名词）；次数（可数名词）；倍数（可数名词）。例：I have no time to chat with you now.我现在没时间和你谈。How many times have you read the text?这篇课文你读 了 几遍 了？2、whenever是连词，意为无论何时彳列： Come and visit me whenever you want.你想什么时候来看我就来吧。拓展：whenever adv.不论何时，随时。6. I like to learn about the world throug