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1、选择性必修第二册Unit 3 Food and Culturei .阅读理解2021 临沂模才以The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed-breakers on major highways and roads, in an attempt to check speeding and careless driving, and eventually make its deadly roads a little safer. We are trying out 3D paintings used as virtual
2、speed breakers to avoid unnecessary requirements of speed breakers, “ Indias transport minister Nitin Gadkari tweeted.The visual illusions （幻象）are supposed to encourage drivers to slow down automatically. Earlier this month, India had ordered the removal of all speed breakers from highways, which ar
3、e considered to be a danger to safety for high-speed vehicles.India has the highest number of road accident deaths in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, over 200,000 people are killed by road accidents due to poor application of road safety laws. This is considerably higher than
4、its official figures of 141,526 for 2014.The use of visual illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating 3D crossings.In India, cities s
5、uch as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with 3D zebra crossings in the last one year. In Ahmedabad for instance, two artists, mother and daughter have painted 3D crosswalks in the first few months of this year. The artists say their motto is to increase the attention of drivers, and t
6、hat the concept has been successfully tested in zones where accidents easily occur on a highway.However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed breakers are visual illusions, they may ignore them. Others also point out that Indias decision does not consider the safety of a large numbe
7、r of walkers. In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety.1. According to the passage, 3D paintings as virtual speed breakers in India aims to.A. replace all speed breakers from highways.B. encourage essential requirements of speed breakers.C. check speeding and car
8、eless driving on all highways.D. remind drivers to speed down voluntarily for road safety.2. What caused the high number of road accident deaths in India?A. Speeding motorists.B , Floating 3D crossings.C. Free use of visual illusions.D. Bad application of traffic laws.3. The author explains the expe
9、riment of 3D zebra crossings in India by.A. giving examples.B analysing causes.C. providing figures.D. making comparisons.4. Whafs the authors attitude towards 3D zebra crossings?A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. supportive D. criticalII.完形填空2021J维坊模才以Ask people to name the worlds tallest peak and anybody
10、 with sound general knowledge will name Mount Qomolangma. But quiz them on its exact and many will be not sure.In 1975, Chinese surveyors 2 that Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest) was 8848.13 meters high. As 3 improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were 4 t
11、o get more exact figures. Of course, someone still had to carry 5 to what is the worlds rooftop.In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that, as they 6 the height to be 8844.43 meters. Scaling Qomolangma is no 7 task. The average air temperature there is _29 de
12、grees Celsius, even four degrees 8 than in Antarctica. The snow there is 4-5 meters thick and hurricane-like 9 blow all the time. Team members were training to 10 the extreme conditions.In a nutshell, measuring the Qomolangmas height is a tall order, J huge amounts ofmoney and human resources. But i
13、t is worth the 12 . Qomolangma is the perfect 13 for observing crustal (土也壳的)movements. And changes to the peaks height could 14 whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other.Besides, the condition of snow and other natural materials at the top is an indicator of upcoming climate
14、 change on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. Thats L5 measuring the Qomolangmas height is so significant. Put to good use, it can benefit mankind.1. A.location B. appearanceC. area D. height2. A.determined B. assumedC. estimated D. admitted3. A.condition B. technologyC. society D. economy4. A.employed B. e
15、xpectedD. inspiredB vehiclesD. packagesB calculatedD. expanded B easy D. toughC approached5. A.weaponsC. instruments6. A.changedC extended7. A.gloriousC. admirable8.C.9.C.10.c.11.c.12.A.colder B. hotter higher D. lower A.snows B. rains winds D. snowflakesA.cope with B. fight for take on D. carry out
16、A.wasting B. spending overcoming D. involving A.effort B. lossC. harvest D. achievement13. A.channel B. windowC. solution D. entrance14. A.measure B. foreseeC. indicate D. expose15. A.where B. howC. why D. whetherffl.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。2021 济南模拟Risha loved school. However, there was o
17、ne class Risha worried about more than any other-art. She didnt know why she just wasnt any good at drawing, painting, or cutting.Ms. Clay, the art teacher, stood at the front of the room. Class, next Friday our school is going to have an art competition, “ she announced. Ms. Clay was a great teache
18、r, and Risha liked her a lot. But this announcement made Risha nervous. Everyone in the school will create a piece of artwork to show in the library. You can use the different types of artwork we have been studying. Ms. Clay was quite excited when she spoke while Risha found herself sinking lower in
19、 her chair.Risha had the whole weekend to work on her project, but she could not think of anything to do. On Monday, Risha felt frightened, so after school Risha asked Ms. Clay if she could write an art paper instead of doing an art project.“I understand this project scared you, Risha, Ms. Clay said
20、. Just remember, you can create, any kind of art you want. Ms. Clay smiled at her. “Art is a person*s way of expressing his or her feelings-it isnt always painting, drawing, or cutting. I know you will think of something very creativeand I cant wait to see it.”When Risha arrived home, she took out a
21、 piece of paper and a pencil. She remembered Ms. Clays words. Art is a persons way of expressing his or her feelings.Risha wrote the word “terrified“ on her paper. She crumpled the paper and threw it to the side of her desk.注意：L续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Then Risha stared at the crumpled ballOn Friday,
22、Risha carefully carried her project into the library.详解答案选择性必修第二册Unit 3 Food and Culturei .阅读理解【语篇解读】本文叙述了印度政府用3D图画作为主要路段的减速器，目的是使危险的路段变得更安全。但有人也对此种方法的有效性表示怀疑。1 .答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed-breakers on major highways and roads, in an attempt to c
23、heck speeding and careless driving, and eventually make its deadly roads a little safer.”可知，印度政府用 3D 图 画作为主要路段的减速器目的是提醒司机自动地减速从而使公路更安全。故选D。2 .答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句According to the World Health Organisation, over 200,000 people are killed by road accidents due to poor application of road safety laws
24、.（根据世界卫生组织统计数据，道路安全法规的不规范实施每年导致20多万印度 人死于交通肇事。厂可知道路安全法规的不规范实施导致死亡，故选D。3 .答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第四段“The use of visual illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in Chin
25、a to create floating 3D crossings.”可知，作者通过例子来解释3D斑马线的实验。故选A。4 .答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed breakers are visual illusions, they may ignore them. Others also point out that Indias decision does not consider the safety of a large number of walkers
26、. In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety.（不过，也有人持反对意见，因为司机 一旦熟悉这种3D斑马线带来的幻觉，他们就可能会直接忽略这些装置。还有人指出，印度 政府的决定没有考虑到广大行人的安全。这种提高道路安全的新政策可能只是一时有效而 已。）”可知，作者以客观的态度去认识3D斑马线。故选B。II.完形填空【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了测量高度珠穆朗玛峰的艰难以及其重要性。1 .答案与解析：D考查名词词义辨析。句意：但如果你问他们它的确切高度，很多 人都不会确定。
27、A. location位置;B. appearance外貌；C. area地区；D. height高度。根据下 文的1975年以及2005年对珠峰高度的测量可知，此处指的是对其高度的精确测量。故选D。2 .答案与解析：A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1975年，中国测量员确定珠穆朗玛峰 （Mount Qomolangma）7 8848.13 米高。A. determined 确定；B. assumed 假设；C. estimated 估 计；D. admitted 承认。根据下文“As 3improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and grav
28、ity measurement technologies were 4 to get more exact figures.”应用 先进的科技去进行 进一步的测量可知，此空指的是中国的测量员确定珠峰的高度是8848.13米。故选A。3 .答案与解析：B考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着技术的进步，卫星、光电、雷达 和重力测量技术被用来获得更精确的数据。A. condition条件；B. technology技术；C. society 社会；D. economy 经济。根据下文的“satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement
29、technologies were 4 to get more exact figures/,卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术都 是科技。故选B。4 .答案与解析：A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着技术的进步，卫星、光电、雷达 和重力测量技术被用来获得更精确的数据。A. employed运用；B. expected期望;C.approached 接近；D. inspired鼓舞。根据下文的“to get more exact figures”可知，这些高科技被运用到测 量珠峰精确的高度中。故选A。5 .答案与解析：C考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，仍然要有人携带一些设备到世 界屋脊。A. weapo
30、ns 武器;B. vehicles 交通工具；C. instruments 设备；D. packages 包裹。根 据常识可知，测量是需要设备仪器的，此处指的是需要携带一些设备登山。故选C。6 .答案与解析：B考查动词词义辨析。句意：2005年，一个中国团队测量了珠穆朗 玛峰，发现它并没有那么高，因为他们计算的高度是8844.43米。A. changed改变；B. calculated 计算；C. extended 延伸；D. expanded 扩大。根据上文“In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not
31、 as high as that”以及下文the height to be 8844.43 meters.”可知，此处指的是中国登山队在2005年计算的珠峰的高度是8844.43米。故选B。7 .答案与解析：B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：攀登珠穆朗玛峰并非易事。A. glorious 光荣的；B. easy容易的；C. admirable令人钦慕的；D. tough艰难的。根据下文“The average air temperature there is 29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees g than in Antarctica.”可知，攀登珠峰并不是一
32、件容易的事。故选B。8 .答案与解析：D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那里的平均气温为一29摄氏度，甚 至比南极洲低4摄氏度。A. colder更冷的；B. hotter更热的；C. higher更高的；D.lower更 低的。根据一29 degrees Celsius可知，此处表示珠峰的温度比南极洲还要低4摄氏度。故选 Do9 .答案与解析：C考查名词词义辨析。句意：那里的雪有45米厚，像飓风一样的 风一直在吹。A. snows雪；B. rains雨；C.winds风；D. snowflakes雪花。根据下文的blow 可知，此处表示风。故选C。10 .答案与解析：A考查动词短语词义辨析。句意
33、：队员们正在接受为极端条件而战 的训练。A. cope with应付；B.fight for与斗争；C. take on承担；D.carry out实施。根据the extreme conditions可知，此处表示登山队员们正在训练的目的是为了应付珠峰的极端 条件。故选A。11 .答案与解析：D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是 一项艰巨的任务，涉及大量的资金和人力资源，但值得付出努力。A. wasting浪费；B.spending 花费；C. overcoming 克服；D. involving 涉及。根据“huge amounts of money and hum
34、an resources”可知，测量珠峰的高度需要投入大量的人力和物力。故选D。12 .答案与解析：A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是 一项艰巨的任务，涉及大量的资金和人力资源，但值得付出努力。A.effort努力；B.loss损 失；C. harvest 丰收;D. achievement 成就。根据下文的“Put to good use, it can benefit mankind, 如果使用得当，它可以造福人类可知，这项任务值得去努力做。故选A。13 .答案与解析：B考查名词词义辨析。句意：珠穆朗玛峰是观察地壳运动的最佳窗 口 o A. channel 频道；
35、B. window 窗口； C. solution 解决办法；D. entrance入口。根据下文 observing crustal （地壳的）movements.”可知，珠峰是观测地壳运动的最佳窗口。故选B。14 .答案与解析：C考查动词词义辨析。句意：峰顶高度的变化可以表明两个板块是 朝着相向还是反方向运动。A. measure测量；B. foresee预见；C. indicate表明；D. expose 暴露。珠峰两次测量高度的变化，这就表明两个板块是朝着相向还是反方向运动。故选C。15 .答案与解析：C考查连接词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么测量珠穆朗玛峰的高 度是如此重要。A. wh
36、ere哪里；B. how怎样；C. why为什么；D. whether是否。本句在讲述 测量珠峰高度的重要性。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选C。III .读后续写参考范文：Then Risha stared at the crumpled ballAt reminded her of a snowball. Suddenly an idea struck her. Why not create a winter wonderland out of crumpled paper? Risha didnt have to draw or paint or even cut. Risha ma
37、de many paper balls, glued them all together, and placed them on a big piece of hard paper to form a snowman. The snowman wore a hat made of black paper and a scarf made of red paper. Her finished project was really wonderful.On Friday, Risha carefully carried her project into the library.She notice
38、d the smile and the nods from teachers and other students as she put her work on a table. Ms. Clay walked over to Risha/4You have created a creative piece of artwork. I am so proud of you! ” Ms. Clay said. Risha was proud of herself too. Her pride grew when Ms. Clay placed a first-place star on her
39、artwork. “Maybe I am a good artist after all, Risha thought.【语篇解读】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，本文讲述了 Risha在老师鼓励下进行艺术创作的事情；Risha不擅长美术，当老师要求同学们每人创作一件艺 术品的时候，她感到非常泄气，Risha在纸上写下了“害怕”这个词。她把那张纸揉成一团， 扔在书桌边。【详解】 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：然后Risha盯着那只皱巴巴的纸团，所 以应该写看到纸团后，Risha的感想和采取的行动。第二段开头是：星期五，Risha小心翼 翼地把她的作品带进了图书馆。本段应该写老师
40、和同学们看到Risha作品后的看法，Risha 的作品获得了一等奖，她的自豪感与日俱增。续写时要求使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语增加了写作难度，我们要熟悉所 给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完 成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。按要求完成写作任务。【点睛】 范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连 贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高级句型，如：She noticed the smile and the nods from teachers and other students as she put
41、her work on a table.这句话运用 了 as 弓I 导的时间状 语从句； Her pride grew when Ms. Clay placed a first-place star on her artwork. Maybe I am a good artist after all, Risha thought.运用了 when引导的时间状语从句，文章也使用了一些固 定词组，如be delighted to ; be made of; be proud of, walk over to等。全文中没有中国式英语 的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。