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1、语法填空一、高考原题1.【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言)(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesops fables date to the (six) century B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,Rachel C
2、arson says in A Fable for Tomorrow.nCarson uses a simple, direct style common to fables. In fact, her style and tone (口 吻)are seemingly directed at children. nThere was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings, her fable begins, (borrow
3、) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, serious message intend for everyone. ( difference ) from traditional fables, Carsons story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental d dangers facing society, and she teaches that peopl
4、e must take responsibility saving their environment.The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carsons theme is a more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the age
5、s can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.2.【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping i
6、ts carefully (build) system of ring roads.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place (3)welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.It is a distinct visual contrast (反差)that s
7、houldnt work,somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.(visit)解析：非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是hiked,空处是非谓 语动词。名词step前面有序数词first修饰，因此空处应用不定式作后置定语,故 填 to journeyo定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指人,关系 词在从句中充当主语,故填whoo非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是decided,空处在句中是非 谓语,且与被修饰词 the Belt and Road Forum
8、 for International Cooperation 之间形 成动宾关系，故填held。冠词。根据语境可知，此处表泛指，且friend以辅音音素开头，故填A。空处位 于句首，注意要大写。词形转换。根据空前的形容词environmental可知，空处应用名词。此处表示 环境保护，故填protectiono词形转换。结合句意这将使他的徒步旅行更有意义”可知,空处需要用形容词, 故填 meaningful o时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,walk在句中作谓语。结合时间 状语In the last five years可知，时态为现在完成时；walk与主语Cao之间为主动 关系；主语
9、Cao为第三人称单数，故填has walkedo形容词最高级。结合常识可知,乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,故填最高级 highest o介词。此处考查固定表达意为从到.o非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是flew,空处在句中是非谓 语,与其逻辑主语He之间形成主谓关系，故填planningo4 .答案：by the addressed largest responsibility shared and To strengthen inviting its解析：介词。此处从句中谓语动词的被动语态结构为was named by. 由np1名 ”。冠词。此处指上文提到过的the firs
10、t International Tea Day,故用定冠词the表 示特指。谓语动词的时态和语态。根据上文中的took place可知，时态应一致;address 对发表演说与主语chairman构成主动关系。故填addressedo形容词的最高级。tea-producing country前应用形容词修饰,提示词为形容词, 且空前有定冠词the”,再结合常识可知,应用形容词的最高级。名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处填名词responsibility。形容词。根据空前的a和空后的名词future”可知，此处应用形容词,share与 future为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式的形容词s
11、hared”共同的”。连词。根据句意可知，此处意为”促进国际合作与文化交流”,故应用ando 非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处应用不定式表示目的。非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词included,提示词与the event之间为逻辑上 的主谓关系，故空处用提示词 invite”的现在分词形式作状语。代词。first exhibition前应用所给词的形容词性物主代词形式,故填is。5 .答案：Thebutawarenesscreatureswithwhereendangeredwas foundhas improvedfrequently解析：考查冠词。此处指第一段中提到过的地图，表示
12、特指。故用定冠词The。考查连词。句意:这张地图标出了大约二十个经常在许多公共场合见到松鼠的 地方一不仅是公园，还有住宅区甚至是酒店。结合句意可知此处是not just. but. 的结构，意为“不仅而且故填but。考查名词。根据设空处前面的名词所有格peoples可知此处应填名词awareness o考查名词复数。creature意为“生物”时，为可数名词，由设空处前面的more可知 此处应填复数名词creatureso考查介词。句意:对于全国各地的动物爱好者来说,近年来，随着越来越多的动 物正在被发现在城市游荡或靠近人们居住的地方，与这些动物更近距离接触的机 会有所增加。come into
13、 contact w汕意为与接触”。故填with。考查定语从句。设空处无提示词，设空处前是名词areas,此处指人们居住的地 方，设空处表示“在地方”，故推测设空处引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的名词， 并在从句中作地点状语，故此处应用where引导定语从句。考查形容词。设空处修饰其后的alpine musk deer,故用形容词endangeredo 考查动词的时态和语态。该句中a first-class protected animal为a Brydes whale 的同位语,a Brydes whale为该句的主语，该句缺少谓语，由后面的by fishermen可 知a Brydes wha
14、le与find之间为被动关系，由时间状语On June 29可知应用一般 过去时。故填was found。考查动词的时态。由该句中的时间状语in the past five years可知应用现在完 成时。故填 has improved。考查副词。设空处修饰动词叩pear,应用副词frequentlyo6 .答案：howhave restoredbeforeAdditionallywisdomananalyzinginto/on used mysterious解析：考查连接副词。句意：中国第一个皇帝秦始皇陵墓一号坑的最新发掘 发现，使中国考古学家对世界闻名的兵马俑及其武器的制造过程有了更多的了
15、 解。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副 词引导，根据句意，应用how引导。故填how。考查动词时态。句意：根据 最近的一份报告，考古学家已经修复了 140多个兵马俑。分析句子结构可知， 本句缺少谓语动词，所以restore作本句谓语，根据标志词recent可知，用现在 完成时，主语是archaeologists,为复数。故填have restored。考查连词。句 意：在手臂连接之前，精细的细节雕刻已经完成。分析句子结构可知，空处引 导状语从句，根据句意，此处表达在手臂连接之前”之意，应用before引导。 故填before。考查副词。句意：此外，该坑还出土了各
16、种各样的武器，包括 远程攻击武器，防御盾牌，以及用于指挥士兵的鼓和鼓槌。分析句子结构可 知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，additional的副词形式是additio nally,位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Additionally。考查名词。句意：这样 的智慧是中国独有的。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词 作主语，wise的名词形式是wisdom,意为智慧，是不可数名词。故填wisdo mo考查不定冠词。句意：中国古代艺术专家吕秋霞周三告诉环球时 报。分析句子结构可知，expert意为“专家，为可数名词，本句用的单数，前 用不定冠词修饰，expert为元音音素开头，
17、应该用an。故填an。考查现在分 词。句意：在分析它们的制作过程时，我们注意到这些战士被分为不同的等 级。分析句子结构可知，本句是状语从句的省略句，完整句是when we were an alyzing how they were made,从句的主语和从句主语相同，谓语动词是be动 词，所以主语和谓语可省略。故填analyzing。考查介词。句意：这有助于研 究兵马俑的墓葬文化。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：research on/into意为研究。故填into或者on。考查过去分词。句意：通过发掘，中国研究 人员已经确定了兵马俑使用的武器类型和排列，以及神秘地下军队的组成和模 式。分
18、析句子结构可知。本句已有谓语动词，所以use用非谓语形式，它的逻 辑主语是weapons,两者是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填used。 考查形容词。句意：通过发掘，中国研究人员已经确定了兵马俑使用的武器类 型和排列，以及神秘地下军队的组成和模式。分析句子结构可知。空后是名 词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，mystery的形容词形式是mysterious。故填my sterious。7 .答案：（DCovering the were to increase is designed and populations eventually as that解析：非谓语动词。该句谓语部分为will
19、be,故此处应该用非谓语动词作状 语;cover与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现在分词形式作伴随状语。冠词。这里单数名词size前需要冠词,构成倍数表达法倍数+the size of+名词” 表示”的大小的几倍大。时态和主谓一致。本空所在定语从句的主语，即关系代词that,指代前面的a significant number of areas,这个短语作主语时，谓语动词的数应该与复数名词 areas保持一致；空后的previously unprotected表明这个定语从句叙述的是过去发 生的事。因此填were。非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处在句中作目的状语,表示“以便提高管理的有 效性并
20、降低不一致性”。时态、语态和主谓一致。GPNP作主语，谓语动词用单数形式;大熊猫国家公 园与design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；结合语境可知此处叙述的是现在的 客观情况,用一般现在时。故填is designedo连词。通过句子结构中的protecting，preserving., protecting.,leaving”可以看此这里需要并列连词来连接多个并列成分，因此填and。名词复数。population在这里表示种群二是可数名词，由空前的separate可知 应填名词复数populationso副词。该空修饰动词achieve,应填所给词的副词形式eventuallyo介词。动词短语
21、serve as在此处表示起作用，产生效果”。定语从句。先行词the species”指物,并且其前有all修饰,故此处宜用关系代 词 thato8 .答 案：aEighthtitledwhich/thatmysterioususingforhistoricbecause/as/forhave been exhibited解析：考查冠词。句意：周二，阿利坎特考古博物馆举办了一场独特的展览, 展出被称为“世界第八大奇迹”的中国著名的兵马俑。exhibition”展览”为可数名 词，结合语境可知，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且unique的发音以辅音音 素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。考查序数词。
22、句意：周二，阿利坎特考古博物馆举办了一场独特的展览，展 出被称为“世界第八大奇迹”的中国著名的兵马俑。根据句意可知，此处表示“第 八，应用序数词，且此处为专有名词，单词首字母应大写。故填Eighth。考查过去分词。句意：这场名为“中国秦汉传奇”的展览将于2024年1月28日 （周三）至1月28日对公众开放，展出来自中国9家博物馆的120多件藏品。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，title与其逻辑主语the exhibition之 间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填titled。考查定语从句关系词。句意：展览分为三个展厅，分别展示了秦始皇统一中 国的历史、他的陵墓和神秘的兵马俑。分
23、析可知，空处引导限制性定语从句， 先行词为three galleries,指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故应用关系代词 which 或 that 引导。故填 which/that 0考查形容词。句意：展览分为三个展厅，分别展示了秦始皇统一中国的历史、 他的陵墓和神秘的兵马俑。分析句子成分可知，此处应用形容词mysterious”神 秘的作定语，修饰专有名词Terracotta Warriors。故填mysterious。考查现在分词。句意：博物馆采用先进的技术，利用光线、音乐和气味创造 了一个沉浸式的展览空间。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词use与 其逻辑主语the museum之
24、间为主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作状语。故填 using o考查固定搭配。句意：此次展览是中西文化旅游年系列活动的一部分。be intended for旨在；想用来,固定搭配。故填for。考查形容词。句意：在周二的开幕式上，阿利坎特省议会主席Carlos Mazon 称这次展览是“一个历史性的时刻”。分析句子成分可知，此处应用形容词 historic有历史意义的作定语，修饰名词moment。故填historic。考查原因状语从句。句意：他说，该省”将在未来10个月内成为欧洲的文化 中心，因为这是自新冠肺炎疫情以来中国兵马俑首次在国外展出。”根据句意可 知，此处应用because或者as引导原因
25、状语从句。故填because/as0考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：他说，该省”将在未来10个月内成为欧 洲的文化中心，因为这是自新冠肺炎疫情以来中国兵马俑首次在国外展出。分 析可知，所填词为从句的谓语动词，it is the first time that这是第一次做某事, 固定句型，其中从句应用现在完成时，主语the Chinese Terracotta Warriors和动 词exhibit之间为被动关系，所以应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语the Chinese Terracotta Warriors 为复数概念，助动词应用 have。故填 have been exhibitedosev
26、eral times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产)while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered.The (remark) development of this city, which is cons
27、ciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,(mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.3 .【2022年全国甲卷】A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xian, as a first step (journey
28、) the Belt and Road route(路线)by foot.On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang,lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (hold) in Beijing. Cao decided to c
29、over the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬)to the ancient Silk Road.friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (meaning). The
30、 two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africas (high) mountain.Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt
31、and Road route. He flew 4,700 kilometers Xian to Kashgar on Sept. 20.(plan) to hike back to Xian in five months.4 .【2022年全国乙卷】May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate festival,a number of events took
32、place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society (address) the opening ceremony. nAs a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the (large) tea-producing country, China has a (responsible) to work with oth
33、er countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a (share) future for mankind/ he said.The First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative issued(发布)at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to
34、promote international cooperation cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion一 Tea Road Cooperative Planwas also issued in accordance with the initiative.(strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,(invite) twenty-nine
35、 tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at the ceremony, opening (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of TruthA Special Exhibition of Puer Tea.二、考情分析 考查词性的变化 1分析句子结构，确定句子成分1)形容词和副词的转化一一修
36、饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，做状语一一 使用副词。2)名词与形容词的转化一一表示事物的性质或状态，作表语一一使用形容词。 3)动词与名词的转化一一在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，做主语 或宾语一一使用名词。2根据构词法和逻辑关系确定答案考查谓语动词的曲折变化1看结构：根据句子结构判断是否考查谓语动词。若句中没有别的谓语动词， 或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语 动词。2定语态：根据语境和动词的用法确定使用主动语态还是被动语态。3定时态：根据时间状语或上下文确定具体时态。4看主谓一致：根据主语确定谓语动词的适当形式。5注意特殊句式（祈使句使用动词原形
37、）考查非谓语动词的曲折变化1判断使用非谓语动词一一句中已有谓语，且设空处不作并列谓语2确定非谓语动词的形式（1）根据句子成分判断1）作目的状语一一不定式2）作结果状语一一现在分词或不定式3）作原因、伴随、时间等状语：与句子主语构成主动关系一一现在分词;与句子主语构成被动关系一一过去分词。4）作主语或宾语一一动名词或不定式5）作定语：与被修饰词构成主动关系一一现在分词或不定式；与被修饰词构 成被动关系一一过去分词。6）作宾语补足语：与句子宾语构成主动关系一一现在分词或不定式;与句子宾语构成被动关系一一过去分词。（2）根据动词的特点判断：1） enjoy, finish等动词的宾语常用动名词。2）
38、 decide, refuse等动词的宾语常用不定式。3） remember, forget等动词的宾语使用动名词和不定式的意义不同。3 注意固定搭配或固定句型have difficulty in doing sth., be busy doing sth., itsno use/good doing sth., spend.doing sth 等。考查词“数”的变化名词的数：（1）根据 many, several, one of.等信息词确定。（2）根据句意确定。五、考查词“级”的变化形容词或副词的比较等级（1 ）根据信息词than, most等确定比较级或最高级（2）根据语境确定比较级或最
39、高级考查词“格”的变化代词的转化：(1)作定语一一使用形容词性物主代词(2)作主语一一使用主格或名词性物主代词(3)作宾语一一使用宾格、名词性物主代词或反身代词 三、变式训练5. Just days ago, a special squirrel(松 鼠)map attracted public attention in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan Province.map marks about 20 areas where squirrels are often seen in a number of public placesnot just parks re
40、sidential(住宅的)areas and even hotels. A resident in Chengdu said, Thanks to the citys improved environment and peoples stronger (aware) of animal protection, more wild (creature) are being seen more often now in Chengdu.nFor animal lovers nationwide, the chances of coming into closer contact such cre
41、atures have risen in recent years, with an increasing number of animals being found roaming(漫步)in cities or approaching areas people live.In December, seven (endanger) alpine musk deer were sighted in Qinghais Three-River-Source National Park. Moreover, a herd of about 100 wild red deer under state
42、protection was also observed by local rangers in February.Similar cases have been reported off Chinas coast. On June 29, a Brydes whale, a first-class protected animal,(find) by fishermen in Mirs Bay near Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. Chen Cheng, who lives in Shenzhen and has noted the marine life p
43、opulation rising in the area, said, The quality of coastal waters in Shenzhen (improve) greatly in the past five years. Its easy to find jellyfish in these waters. I once came across a dolphin, so I hope whales will appear more (frequent) in the future/*6. Discoveries made during the latest excavati
44、on of Pit No.l at the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, Chinas first emperor, have allowed Chinese archaeologists to gain more insight into the world-famous Terracotta Warriors and their weapons were made.According to a recent report archaeologists (restore) more than 140 Terracotta Warriors. They discove
45、red that the arms of these figures were created separately and then attached to the bodies and covered in a layer of fine clay. The carving of fine details was completed the arms were attached. (additional), the pit has yielded a variety of weapons, including long-range attack weapons, shields for d
46、efense, as well as drums and drumsticks used for commanding soldiers.“The Terracotta Warriors used a very special mechanism to connect pieces together. Such _(wise) was unique to China/9 Lv Qiuxia,expert on ancient Chinese art, told the Global Times on Wednesday. Lv added that the way the warriors w
47、ere made differed based on their social status and class. When (analyze) how they were made, we noticed that the warriors were divided into different classes. This contributes to research (8)_the burial culture of the Terracotta Warriors.” the expert noted.Through excavations, Chinese researchers ha
48、ve established the types and arrangement of weapons (use) by the Terracotta Warriors as well as the formations and patterns of the (mystery) underground army.7. The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP).(cover) an area about three times size of Yellowstone National Par