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1、Unit 4 Natural Disasters -2022-2023 学年高一英语人教版(2019)必修第一册大单元“四步复习法”第一步：单元学习目标整合Section A1.1 dentify the language features of literary journalism and the structures of the text.2 .Appreciate the figures of speech and writing skills used in the text.3 .Grasp and use some words and phrases to describe a
2、 natural disaster.Section B1.Identify restrictive relative clauses and explore the structures and the pragmatic function of restrictive relative clauses.2.Sum up the usage of relative pronouns.3.Use restrictive relative clauses to describe pictures of disasters.Section C1 .掌握摘要写作的相关知识2 .培养学生提炼关键信息以及
3、概括、归纳要点的高阶思维能力，3 .培养学生的写作兴趣第二步：单元思维导图回顾知识答案Dear Li Lei,Were so sorry to hear that a severe Typhoon In-fa hit your hometown, leaving your house in ruins. On behalf of our class, Km writing to express our most sincere pity and care for you.Thinking about your present situation, we cannot wait to make
4、every bit of our effort to help you. Therefore, we make a donation of some money, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty. Besides, we will help you make up for the lessons you miss during your absence.We are convinced that with the help of so many kind people, a better house can be
5、 rebuilt. Looking forward to your coming back soon.Yours sincerely,Li Hua【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你的同班同学李雷的家乡遭受台风烟 花(Typhoonln-fa)袭击，洪水毁坏了家园，你作为班长代表班级给正在抗洪的他写一封慰 问信。【详解】L词汇积累严重的：severe 今 serious代表： On behalf of 玲 being a representative of当前的：present玲 current困难：difficulty 玲 trouble渡过：go through玲 overco
6、me玲 get over因止匕：Therefore f Thus fAs a result相信：are convinced玲 believe此外：Besides玲 Whats more - Also在帮助下：with the help of玲 with the aid of 玲 with the assistance of期待：looking forward to 玲 anticipating 玲 expecting2 .句式拓展简单句变复合句原句 1： Were so sorry to hear that a severe Typhoon In-fa hit your hometown, l
7、eaving your house in ruins.拓展句 1： Were so sorry to hear that a severe Typhoon In-fa hit your hometown, which left your house in ruins.【点睛】【高分句型 1 Were so sorry to hear that a severe Typhoon In-fa hit your hometown, leaving your house in ruins.（运用 了 结果状语从句。）高分句型 2 Therefore, we make a donation of som
8、e money, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty.（运用了 宾语从句。）【高分句型 3 Besides, we will help you make up for the lessons you miss during your absence.（运用了定语从句。）定义定语从句在便合句中对名词、代词.名词由拈ft.句子丽城临、18建的从句先行词杭定遢从句所修饰的名词或代词关系局引导定诅从句的通让mmssMfi）三上培梅上分类Jx孑厢制性定语从句功比上恰构上从电与支与关系宗,从旬对先行 tMtt作用，歌夕从句舍毋旬
9、的贪要主句与m电之所用沮号关器汨作从匈mis可*可用that引导从他与重旬峰即眄错像,从旬潮附皿E旬名“先说期作用二 利不解的疡整修!附 个*先句与从旬之间多曲a却积关系所乂旬的南秆可碍用txiii定语从句定语从句八.关系代诲 who, whon which、that, whose、asmt yi关IUBU0- “hen、where、why吞捡作用，诩主句*8从句作用H代先行词成分使用在定谑从句中充t分关系代词：主连、Xii.嗝，定论关KIM- WA先行潮1人”还建PT关串谢的雄从旬中充当什2处“h”ta人的先行诅 迹遇从句中修主谱速宾说（忤大道可有也whom代1酎B人的先行闻在定谙从句中修夷
10、说（忤大道可修电tha毗福人酬懒的先行通CFa德从句中作主&夷沮, 作友通可志闻关系词关系代询“hkrhK措施的先行诵在走函从句中作主谒就大谒（大谄可）Wh8f1fi.第钟图人时,whose rtfs当于th。 n. of Whom 先 时.whose* n.|flTthe n. of which用法.诩MB制性定谓从句酎,它通常要与such. as. the same得起即梅罐 sucR “ a. the same.at, ai/io.同时asflE从句中充当 T 的句子罐分whenff代主句中豪示时同的海，作时同状通关泰研 / wh.7ft主句中嘉示地点的说.作地点状说恃界情况 hy代主句
11、中豪示60箕0.作醉调先行词有形容词高堪修饰时先行诵有序致幽m时,先行曲8t有人又有物时只咫由讦南which y先行调节航be very, the only, the last th*先行词为 U. much, few. IHtle, everything, anything.I nothing, none 等神Z.武/tiMtm关系代谢在意号性定ifiM句中柞米语时先行海为that时只带which不用thit /关累代诩酶介海时驾型 mt住定语从句时第三步：单元重难知识易混易错定语从句一、定义1 .在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定
12、语从句的词叫关系词。2.关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why 等)两类。二、关系代词引导的定语从句.who引导的定语从句合作探究The children who were injured in the car accident are being treated in the hospital now.目前, 在 车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。Danny was the man who we rescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。自主发现1 who指
13、人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语。1 .whom引导的定语从句合作探究Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。The boy(whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。自主发现2 whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。2 .whose引导的定语从句合作探究I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个人，他的
14、房子在地震中被摧毁了。He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。自主发现3 whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属关系，whose在定语从句中作 定语。3 .which引导的定语从句合作探究The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring（which） he had lost on the train.那个年 轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。The little girl is having an apple which is big and r
15、ed.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。自主发现4 which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。4 .that引导的定语从句合作探究The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观 这座城市的人数达100万。（that指人，作主语）The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。（that指物，作主语）自主发现5 that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作
16、宾语时可 以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom替代,指物多用which替代。名师提醒关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能 再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。例题翻译.我们应该尊重那些比我们年长的人。（汉译英）1 .那个曾经一贫如洗的小山村近几年发展迅猛。（witness）（汉译英）.人们有一种倾向和偏好与坦率和真诚的人合作。（tendency, preference, straightforward, sincere, cooperate）（汉译英）参考答案：1. We should respect
17、those who are senior to us.【详解】考查定语从句。respect意为“尊重”；senior意为“年长的”。分析句子可知，“比我 们年长的”可翻译为are senior to us,作句子的定语，可用定语从句处理，先行词是人，用 who 弓导 o 故可翻译为 We should respect those who are senior to us.2. Recent years has witnessed the quick development of the mountain village which was extremely poor.【详解】考查固定句型，时
18、态和主谓一致。分析句意和括号内提示witness可知，句子可用 固定句型Recent years has witnessed,表示近几年发生了什么事情；”小山村发展迅猛”用 名词短语 the quick development of the mountain village,作 witnessed 的宾语，“那个曾经一 贫如洗的“用定语从句修饰village,时态用一般过去时，翻译为which was extremely poor, 因止匕整句话翻译为 Recent years has witnessed the quick development of the mountain villag
19、e which was extremely poor.3. People have a tendency and preference to cooperate with those who are straightforward and sincere.【详解】考查定语从句、固定短语、名词、代词、形容词。表示“人们”用people,其后面 谓语用复数形式；表示“有一种倾向和偏好去做某事用have a tendencyand preference to do sth.；表示“与某人合作”用cooperate with sb.；表示“与坦率和真诚的人合作”时用定语从 句,当先行词是those时，
20、引导词指人且在从句中作主语，应用who引导定语从句，由 those可知从句谓语要用复数形式；表示“坦率的”用straightforward；表示“真诚的”用 sincere；陈述事实主从句都可用一般现在时；句首单词首字母要用大写；故填People have a tendency and preference to cooperate with those who are straightforward and sincere o第四步：单元核心素养对接高考本单元的写作任务是概要写作中的“灾难事件”主题。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的 沟通桥梁。概要写作考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他
21、人的信息在充分理解 的基础上进行大意表达的能力。进行概要写作的短文的体裁一般以说明文和议论文为主。 一、解题步骤 概要写作一般遵循以下三个解题步骤:1 .读懂原文，抓住大意。2 .定位主题句，找到关键。3 .组织语言，转换表达。二、注意事项.概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。1 .安排好篇幅的比例，同原文保持协调。2 .注意两点之间的衔接，用适当的关联词语贯通全文。3 .不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子；可对原文句子做一些同义替换。4 .计算词数，注意是否符合规定的词数要求。经典句式一、描写事物的性质或功用In the passage, the writer intro
22、duces .（对象）to us, especially its .（性质或功用），from which we know .（对象带来的好处） 二、问题+解决方法The passage represents . （问题）and brings forth several measures/methods to solve the problem, which includes .（方法 1） （方法 2） （方法 3）三、现象+原因/本质The writer/author represents/introduces . of., because .（原因 1）（原因 2） 四、灾难事件常用表达1
23、. Nowadays there have been frequent natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, mudrock flows, earthquakes, windstorms and the stretching of new deserts. They have destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land.当下，自然灾害频发，如洪水，干旱，泥石流，地震，风暴和新的沙漠延伸。它们摧毁了 无数的房屋，摧毁了许多肥沃的土地。2. Mo
24、re and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth.越来越多的人意识到这些灾害都与我们对地球所作所为有很大关系。3. The natural disasters are mainly caused by human destruction. Deforestation causes the soil erosion; the chaos of sewage water cause the gradually poor water qual
25、ity; the disorderly automobile exhaust causes the air pollution; improper disposal of waste causes the environment damage and so on.自然灾害主要是人为破坏造成的。森林砍伐造成水土流失；污水乱排导致水质逐渐变差； 汽车尾气乱排造成空气污染；垃圾处理不当造成环境破坏等。4. In face of natural disaster, we should timely forecast and do the preventive work.面对自然灾害，我们要及时进行预测
26、，做好预防工作。5. In case of emergencies and disasters we should keep our head and try to rely on ourselves to escape from the disasters.在紧急情况和发生灾难时，我们应该保持头脑清醒，尝试依靠自己逃离灾难。6. After the disasters, instead of indulging oneself in sadness, one should be positive of life and contribute to the reconstruction of
27、the hometown.灾后，我们不要沉湎于悲伤之中，应该积极面对生活，为家乡的重建做出贡献。7. We should unite together, build a sustainable and nature friendly society, making the world a better place.我们应该团结起来，建设一个可持续的、自然友好型社会，让世界变得更美好。8. The earth is our only home. It is urgent for us to stop damaging it, and to do our best to protect it, f
28、or we have nowhere to go and survive except where we are now.地球是我们唯一的家园。因此，当务之急就是停止破坏它，并尽力保护它，因为除了我们 现在生存的地方，我们已经无处可去。例题假定你是李华，你的同班同学李雷的家乡遭受台风烟花(Typhoon ln-fa)袭击，洪水毁坏了 家园，你作为班长代表班级给正在抗洪的他写一封慰问信，要点如下：1 .对该同学表示关心。2 .向其提供一些帮助，如捐助和补习。3 .表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。注意：1 .词数80左右。2 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3 .开头已给，不计入词数。Dear Li Lei,Were so sorry to hear that a severe Typhoon In-fa hit your hometown, leaving your house in ruins.Yours sincerely,Li Hua