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1、Chapter 8 CLUTCHu 背景知识背景知识位置：位置：离合器位于发动机和变速箱之间飞轮壳内，用螺钉将离合器总成固定在飞轮后平面上，离合器输出轴就是变速箱输入轴。在汽车行驶过程中，驾驶员可依据需要踩下或松开离合器踏板，使发动机与变速箱暂时分离和逐步接合，以切断或传递发动机向变速器输入动力。要求：要求：接合平稳，分离快速而彻底；调整和修理方便；外廓尺寸小；质量小；耐磨性好和有足够散热能力；操作方便省力。种类：种类：惯用分为牙嵌式与摩擦式两类。第第1页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHThe engine produces the power to drive the vehicle.Th
2、e drive line or drive train transfer the power of the engine to the wheels.The drive train consists of the parts from the back of the flywheel to the wheels.These parts include the clutch,the transmission,the drive shaft,and the final drive assembly.译文：译文：发动机产生动力来驱动车辆。传动链或传动发动机产生动力来驱动车辆。传动链或传动系将发动机动
3、力传递给车轮。传动部件包含飞轮后系将发动机动力传递给车轮。传动部件包含飞轮后部到车轮部分。这部分包含离合器，变速器，传动部到车轮部分。这部分包含离合器，变速器，传动轴和后桥总成。轴和后桥总成。第第2页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHThe clutch which includes the flywheel,clutch disc,pressure plate,springs,pressure plate cover and the linkage necessary to operate the clutch is a rotating mechanism between the engi
4、ne and the transmission.It operates through friction which comes from contact between the parts.That is the reason why the clutch is called a friction mechanism.译文：译文：离合器包含飞轮，离合器盖，压盘，弹簧，离合器包含飞轮，离合器盖，压盘，弹簧，压盘盖和必要离合器操纵机构；离合器事发动机和压盘盖和必要离合器操纵机构；离合器事发动机和传动装置之间一个旋转机构。它经过各部件摩擦起传动装置之间一个旋转机构。它经过各部件摩擦起作用。这就是为
5、何将离合器称之为摩擦机制。作用。这就是为何将离合器称之为摩擦机制。第第3页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHAfter engagement,the clutch must continue to transmit all engine torque to transmission depending on the friction without slippage.The clutch is also used to disengage the engine from the drive train whenever the gears in the transmission are bei
6、ng shifted from gear ratio to another.译文：译文：安装后，离合器经过摩擦不打滑将发动机全安装后，离合器经过摩擦不打滑将发动机全部扭矩传递给变速器。当换挡时离合器也被用于切部扭矩传递给变速器。当换挡时离合器也被用于切断传动系与发动机之间动力。断传动系与发动机之间动力。第第4页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHTo start the engine or shift the gears,the driver has to depress the clutch pedal with the purpose of disengagement the transmi
7、ssion from the engine.At that time,the driven members connected to the transmission input shaft are either stationary or rotating at a speed that is slower of faster than the driving members connected to engine crankshaft.译文：译文：为了撤消发动机传输动力，司机不得不踩下为了撤消发动机传输动力，司机不得不踩下离合器踏板来发动引擎或换挡。这时，连接变速箱离合器踏板来发动引擎或换
8、挡。这时，连接变速箱输入轴从动件是固定或者以比连接发动机曲轴从动输入轴从动件是固定或者以比连接发动机曲轴从动件较慢速度旋转。件较慢速度旋转。第第5页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHThere is no spring pressure on the clutch assembly parts.So there is no friction between the driving members and driven members.As the driver lets loose the clutch pedal,spring pressure increase on the clutch
9、parts.Friction between the parts also increases.The pressure exerted by the springs on the driven members is controlled by the driver through the clutch pedal and linkage.译文：译文：离合器总成零件无弹性压力，所以驱动件与离合器总成零件无弹性压力，所以驱动件与被驱动件之间没有摩擦传动。当司机松开离合器制被驱动件之间没有摩擦传动。当司机松开离合器制动踏板时，弹性压力增加，各部件之间摩擦也有所动踏板时，弹性压力增加，各部件之间摩擦
10、也有所增加。驾驶员经过离合器踏板和连接机制来控制被增加。驾驶员经过离合器踏板和连接机制来控制被驱动件上弹性元件产生压力。驱动件上弹性元件产生压力。第第6页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHThe positive engagement of the driving and driven members is made possible the friction between the surfaces of the members.When full spring pressure is applied,the speed of the driving and driven members s
11、hould be the same.At the moment,the clutch must act as a coupling device and transmit all engine power to the transmission,without slipping.译文：译文：主动元件与从动元件机密结合就有可能在元件表面主动元件与从动元件机密结合就有可能在元件表面产生摩擦力。当全部弹簧压力作用时，主动元件与从动元件产生摩擦力。当全部弹簧压力作用时，主动元件与从动元件其速度是相同。此时，离合器在无打滑情况下，作为连接装其速度是相同。此时，离合器在无打滑情况下，作为连接装置将全部引擎
12、动力传递给变速器。然而，发动机在刚才开启置将全部引擎动力传递给变速器。然而，发动机在刚才开启时产生动力较小，为了降低汽车传动系扭冲击力，变速器与时产生动力较小，为了降低汽车传动系扭冲击力，变速器与引擎应迟缓接触。不然，若主动件与从动件快速结合，引擎引擎应迟缓接触。不然，若主动件与从动件快速结合，引擎就会停滞不前。就会停滞不前。第第7页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHThe flywheel is a major part of the clutch.The flywheel mounts to the engine crankshaft and transmits engine torque
13、 to the clutch assembly.The flywheel,when coupled with the clutch disc and pressure plate makes and breaks the flow of power the engine to the transmission.译文：译文：飞轮是离合器主要部件之一，安装在发动机飞轮是离合器主要部件之一，安装在发动机曲轴上，将发动机扭矩传给离合器盘。飞轮与离合曲轴上，将发动机扭矩传给离合器盘。飞轮与离合器盖，压盘相连接，就会产生或阻断传递给变速器器盖，压盘相连接，就会产生或阻断传递给变速器引擎动力。引擎动力。第第
14、8页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHThe flywheel provides a mounting location for the clutch assembly as well.When the clutch is applied,the flywheel transfers engine torque to the clutch disc.Because of its weight,the flywheel helps to smooth engine operation.The flywheel also has a large ring gear at its outer edg
15、e,which engages with a pinion gear on the starter motor during engine cranking.译文：译文：飞轮一样是离合器总成部件所在位置。离合飞轮一样是离合器总成部件所在位置。离合器工作时，飞轮将发动机扭矩传给离合器盘。其重器工作时，飞轮将发动机扭矩传给离合器盘。其重量有利于发动机平稳运转。一样曲柄发动引擎过程量有利于发动机平稳运转。一样曲柄发动引擎过程中，飞轮外部边缘一较大齿轮与发动机固定档相连中，飞轮外部边缘一较大齿轮与发动机固定档相连接。接。第第9页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHThe clutch disc fits
16、 between the flywheel and the pressure plate.The clutch disc has a splined hub that fits over splines on the transmission input shaft.A splined hub has grooves that match splines on the shaft.These splines fit in the grooves.Thus,the two parts held together.However,back C and C forth movement of the
17、 disc on the shaft is possible.Attached to the input shaft,the disc turns at the speed of the shaft.译文：译文：飞轮安装在离合器盘和压力板之间。其花键飞轮安装在离合器盘和压力板之间。其花键套管枢纽，易于输入轴花键传输。带有凹槽毂枢纽套管枢纽，易于输入轴花键传输。带有凹槽毂枢纽与轴上花键相匹配，且这些花键嵌于凹槽中。这么与轴上花键相匹配，且这些花键嵌于凹槽中。这么两部分就能联络在一起两部分就能联络在一起。然而轴上离合器盘前后运。然而轴上离合器盘前后运动很可能依附于输入轴，以轴速旋转。动很可能依附于
18、输入轴，以轴速旋转。第第10页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHThe clutch pressure plate is generally made of cast iron.It is round and about the same diameter as the clutch disc.One side of the pressure plate is machined smooth.This side will press the clutch disc facing are against the flywheel.The outer side has shapes to faci
19、litate attachment of spring and release mechanism.The two primary types of pressure plate assemblies are coil spring assembly and diaphragm spring.译文：译文：汽车离合器压盘通常是由铁铸造而成，圆形汽车离合器压盘通常是由铁铸造而成，圆形外观外观，其直径大约与离合器盘相同。压力板一侧加，其直径大约与离合器盘相同。压力板一侧加工平滑，将正对飞轮离合器盘面压平。外侧形状方工平滑，将正对飞轮离合器盘面压平。外侧形状方便连线弹簧释放机制附件装置。两种主要类型压
20、盘便连线弹簧释放机制附件装置。两种主要类型压盘总成包含螺旋弹簧和膜片弹簧总成。总成包含螺旋弹簧和膜片弹簧总成。第第11页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHIn a coil spring clutch the pressure plate is backed by a number of coil springs and housed with them in a pressed steed cover bolted to the flywheel.The spring push against the cover.译文：译文：螺旋弹簧离合器压盘由许多螺旋弹簧支撑，螺旋弹簧离合器压盘由许多螺旋
21、弹簧支撑，一起被安置于用螺栓固定在飞轮上一压缩钢盖上，一起被安置于用螺栓固定在飞轮上一压缩钢盖上，而弹簧反推离合器。而弹簧反推离合器。第第12页页Chapter 8 CLUTCH Neither the driven plate nor the pressure plate is connected rigidly to the flywheel and both can move either towards it o away.When the clutch pedal is depressed a thrust pad riding on a carbon or ball thrust
22、bearing is forced towards the flywheel.译文：译文：离合器从动盘和压盘都非严格地连接在飞轮离合器从动盘和压盘都非严格地连接在飞轮上。但都朝飞轮方向移动或远离。踩下离合器踏板上。但都朝飞轮方向移动或远离。踩下离合器踏板就会使驱动器朝飞轮方向移动。就会使驱动器朝飞轮方向移动。第第13页页Chapter 8 CLUTCH Levers pivoted so that they engage with the thrust pad at one end and the pressure plate tat the other end pull the pressu
23、re plate back against its springs.This releases pressure on the driven plate disconnecting the gearbox from the engine.译文：译文：转动杠杆使之一端与驱动器相连，挤压弹簧转动杠杆使之一端与驱动器相连，挤压弹簧使另一端与压盘后面相连，这么就能够释放从动盘使另一端与压盘后面相连，这么就能够释放从动盘压力，切断发动机上变速器。压力，切断发动机上变速器。第第14页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHDiaphragm spring pressure plate assemblies ar
24、e widely used in most modern cars.The diaphragm spring is a single thin sheet of metal which yields when pressure is applied to it.When pressure is removed the metal spring back to its original shape.The center portion of the diaphragm spring is slit into numerous fingers that act as release levers.
25、译文：译文：膜片弹簧压盘总成广泛应用于当代车辆。膜膜片弹簧压盘总成广泛应用于当代车辆。膜片弹簧是一单一薄金属片，受压变形，撤除压力，片弹簧是一单一薄金属片，受压变形，撤除压力，膜片弹簧恢复到原来状态。膜片弹簧中间部分成若膜片弹簧恢复到原来状态。膜片弹簧中间部分成若干手指状，并以此为释放杠杆。干手指状，并以此为释放杠杆。第第15页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHWhen the clutch assembly rotates with the engine these weights are flung outwards by centrifugal plate and cause the l
26、evers to press against the pressure plate.During disengagement of the clutch the fingers are moved forward by the release bearing.The spring pivots over the fulcrum ring and its outer rim moves away from the flywheel.The retracting spring pulls the pressure plate away from the clutch plate thus dise
27、ngaging the clutch.译文：译文：当离合器总成随发动机旋转时，离心盘向外当离合器总成随发动机旋转时，离心盘向外掷出这些重量，致使杠杆挤压压盘。离合器脱离过掷出这些重量，致使杠杆挤压压盘。离合器脱离过程中，释放轴承促使这些手指向前移动，支点环及程中，释放轴承促使这些手指向前移动，支点环及其外围弹簧枢纽离开飞轮。撤回弹簧将压盘拉离离其外围弹簧枢纽离开飞轮。撤回弹簧将压盘拉离离合器盘，从而脱离离合器。合器盘，从而脱离离合器。第第16页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHWhen engaged the release bearing and the fingers of the dia
28、phragm spring move towards the transmission.As the diaphragm pivots over the pivot ring its outer rim forces the pressure plate against the clutch disc so that the clutch plate is engaged to flywheel.译文：译文：当膜片弹簧释放轴承及分离指一起向传动装当膜片弹簧释放轴承及分离指一起向传动装置移动时，枢纽环上隔膜枢纽外围力量挤压离合器置移动时，枢纽环上隔膜枢纽外围力量挤压离合器压盘使之与离合器盘相连。
29、压盘使之与离合器盘相连。第第17页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHThe advantages of a diaphragm type pressure plate assembly are its compactness,lower weight,fewer moving parts,less effort to engage,reduces rotational imbalance by providing a balanced force around the pressure plate and less chances of clutch slippage.译文：译文：隔膜式压盘总
30、成优越性在于，紧凑性，低重隔膜式压盘总成优越性在于，紧凑性，低重量，运动部件少，连接少，经过压盘周围提供一平量，运动部件少，连接少，经过压盘周围提供一平衡力和降低离合器打滑可能性来降低旋转不平衡性。衡力和降低离合器打滑可能性来降低旋转不平衡性。第第18页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHThe clutch pedal is connected to the disengagement mechanism either by a cable or,more commonly,by a hydraulic system.Either way,pushing the pedal down oper
31、ates the disengagement mechanism which puts pressure on the fingers of the clutch diaphragm via a release bearing and causes the diaphragm to release the clutch plate.译文：译文：电缆，或者更为普遍液压系统，将离合器踏电缆，或者更为普遍液压系统，将离合器踏板与撤离机制连接起来。不论哪种方式，推进踏板板与撤离机制连接起来。不论哪种方式，推进踏板使撤离机制得以运行。这种机制经由释放轴承施压使撤离机制得以运行。这种机制经由释放轴承施压于
32、离合器隔膜手指，从而使隔膜释放离合器盘。于离合器隔膜手指，从而使隔膜释放离合器盘。第第19页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHWith a hydraulic mechanism,the clutch pedal arm operates a piston in the clutch master cylinder.This forces hydraulic fluid through a pipe to the cutch release cylinder where another operates the clutch disengagement mechanism by a cable
33、.译文：译文：在液压机制下，离合器踏板臂操作离合器主在液压机制下，离合器踏板臂操作离合器主缸一活塞，迫使液压流体经过管道抵达释放钢瓶，缸一活塞，迫使液压流体经过管道抵达释放钢瓶，此时电缆经过另一活塞来操作离合器撤离机制。此时电缆经过另一活塞来操作离合器撤离机制。第第20页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHThe other parts including the clutch fork,release bearing,bell-housing,bell housing cover,and pilot bushing are needed to couple and uncouple the t
34、ransmission.译文：译文：其它部分包含离合器叉，轴承，铃声，住房其它部分包含离合器叉，轴承，铃声，住房安置盖，飞行套管等，都需要安装传动装置。安置盖，飞行套管等，都需要安装传动装置。第第21页页Chapter 8 CLUTCHThe clutch fork,which connects to the linkage,actually operates the clutch.The release bearing fits between the clutch fork and the pressure plate assembly.The bell housing covers th
35、e clutch assembly.The bell housing cover fastens to the bottom of the bell housing.This removable cover allows a mechanic to inspect the clutch without removing the transmission and bell housing.A pilot bushing fits into the back of the crankshaft and holds the transmission input shaft.译文：译文：离合器叉直达联动，用来操作离合器。释放轴承离合器叉直达联动，用来操作离合器。释放轴承安装在离合器叉和压盘总成之间。贝尔涵盖固定在其底安装在离合器叉和压盘总成之间。贝尔涵盖固定在其底部。这种可拆卸盖使得技师检验离合器时，不用取消传部。这种可拆卸盖使得技师检验离合器时，不用取消传输和贝尔涵盖装置。飞行套管安装在曲柄后面，控制输输和贝尔涵盖装置。飞行套管安装在曲柄后面，控制输入轴传输。入轴传输。第第22页页