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1、句子成分Parti: Introduction of members of sentence句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致 相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。一、主语 subject是一个句子所描述的主体，可以是人、 物、事情；一般位于于句首；常用名词、代词、不定式、动名词 从句 充当担任。 Students study. They are good friends. Three is enough. To see is to believe. Fishing is allowed. What he needs is a
2、book. The rich should help the poor.思考：哪些词可以充当句子主语？二、谓语 predicate一般位于主语的后面；是用来说明主语做了一个什么动作，或者说明主语的行为或状态;常由动词或动词短语构成，可分为简单谓语 和 复合谓语。 We love China. She dances well. The plane took off at 10 oclock. My sister is crying over there.(2) You must stay at home.(3)He has caught a bad cold. She looks beautif
3、ul.思考：哪些词可以充当句子谓语？三、宾语object表示谓语动作的对象，是谓语动作的承受者。一般位于动词或动词短语之后。介词后也会跟宾语。 I like Music. He often helps me.(3) Give me four please. We have finished reading this book. He wants to dream a nice dream. I think you are right.(Z) I am interested in music.思考：哪些词可以充当句子宾语？四、定语 attributive“定”就是限定，对句子里的名词或代词起到修
4、饰和限定的作用。“的”；分为前置定语和后置定语。 a maths problem Her dress is wet.(3) a naughty boy I have 5 books. This is her first trip to Beijing.(D It is a swimming pool. I have nothing to eat. The girl with long hair is my sister. He is the boy who dances best.思考：哪些词可以充当句子定语？五、状语 adverbial用来修饰动词，形容词或副词或全句。按其用途可分为时间、地
5、点、原因 结果、方式、目的、条件、让步、 方向 伴随 程度等。 How about meeting again at six. Tomson lives on the third floor. I arrived late because of the traffic jam . He did it carefully. Well send a car to fetch you. If he goes, so will I. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.(D She came in with a dictionary in her hand. He
6、 was so tired that he fell asleep. I am taller than he is.思考：哪些词可以充当句子状语？六、补足语plement有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子 的意义完整。它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用. We made her our monitor. The result made me angry. Let the fresh air in. We found everything in good order there. You mustnt force him to lend his money to y
7、ou. We saw her entering the room. They found the house broken.思考：哪些词可以充当句子补足语？七、表语 predicative“表明 表小”;用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态 心情 年龄与身份等。位于系动词 be、bee、get、grow、look、tastex seem之后。 My father is a professor. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. Time is up. The class is over. Three times seven is twenty one
8、. The meeting is of great importance. His job is to teach English. His hobby is playing football. The story is moving. The truth is that he has never been abroad.思考：哪些词可以充当句子表语？八、同位语 appositive“同等地位”；是对句子中的主语、宾语、表语等成分作进一步解释说明的句子成分。 This is my new friend, Yao Yao. We each have a mobile phone now.(3)T
9、hey two wanted to go with us,too. The news that he died shocked us.思考：哪些词可以充当句子同位语？Part2: Exercises一、补全表格.句子成分意义、特征充当词类例句主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补足语同位语2.指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。1. We all study hard at English.2. Betty likesher new bike very much.3. My brother is a policeman.4. . Were you at home last night?5. . Winter i
10、s the coldestseason of the year.6. He oftenwalks in the park.7. Mary asked me to help heryesterday.8. . He bought me a nice present last week.9. His parents are doctors.10. ril get you some tea now.11. My mother told us ai interesting storylast night.12. . He has readthe book twice.13. They seemed unhappywhen they heard the news.14. Do you have something to eat ?15. . We made him our monitor.A.宾语 B