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1、（一）句子成分.主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。1）请划出以下句子的主语2）主语可以由、等来担任。The sun rises in the east.He likes dancing.Twenty years is a short time in history.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.1 .谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。1
2、）请划出以下句子的谓语2）谓语:由 组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词；He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing.练习:找出以下句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.表语（predicat
3、ive）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。系动词的功能主要是把表语它的主语联系在一起，说明主语的性质、特征、品性 或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义，不能在句中独立作谓语，必须和后面的表 语一起构成句子的谓语。The man is very strange.Now I feel tired.The food tastes good.The trouble is that I have lost his key.1）划出以下句子的表语 It sounds a good idea.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The door rem
4、ains open.2）总结:常见的系动词有:练习:找出以下句中的表语。1.1 am a teacher.2. They are on the playground.3. My job is teaching English.4. It gets cold.5. It sounds interesting.6.It seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word.4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-及物动词或介词的宾语1）请划出以下句子的谓语1. I like China.2. He hates you.3. We should help the old
5、and the poor.4. I enjoy working with you.5. . I hope to see you again.6. Did you write down what he said?2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.（直接宾语指物或事，间接宾语指人或动物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.指出
6、下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出以下句子的宾语局部：1. We often help him.2. He likes to play basketball.3. We enjoy listening to the music.4. She said that he felt sick.5. They are talking about the new student.6. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说
7、明宾语的身 份和状态以补充其意义缺乏，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：We elected him monitor.We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.We will make them happy.We found nobody in.Please make yourself at home.Dont let him do that.His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.Dont keep the lights burning.ril have my bi
8、ke repaired.7. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.He is our friend.We belong to the third world.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.The man over there is my old friendThe woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.The boys playing football are in Class 2.The trees plan
9、ted last year are growing well now.I have an idea to do it well.You should do everything that I do.8.状语：用来修饰v.,adj., adv.,或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、 条件、方式和让步。I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting-room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English
10、 well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.（二）句子结构简单句的五个基本句型1. + She came. / My head aches.2. + She likes English.3. + She is happy.4. + + She gave John
11、 a book.5. + +She makes her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the passage.1,主谓结构（主语+不及物动词）1 You should study hard.2 She went home very late yesterday evening.练习：1、 这个盒子重五公斤。2、 五年前我住在北京。2,主谓宾结构（主语+及物动词+宾语）1、He did not know what to say.3、 I want to talk with you this afternoon.练习：1、我们都相信Jack是一
12、个老实男孩。2、我昨天晚上写了一封信。3,主系表结构（主语+系动词+表语）My brothers are all college students.1. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.2. Mrs Brown looks very healthy.3. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.练习：1、树叶已经变黄了。2、这个报告听起来很有意思。4,双宾语结构（主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）Mr Johnson taught us German last
13、 year.1. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.练习：1、请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？2、我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？5,主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语We call her Alice.1. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 练习：1、他的父母给他取名叫John。2、我认为与那个人谈话是没用的。6,There be 句型There isnt going to be a meeting tonight.1. There was only a well in the village.练习：1、我们班有30个男生和20个女生。2、一周有七天。巩固练习：1;事实是他没有做真正的努力。2 .今天下午我想同你谈谈。3 .他们成功地完成了计划。4 .你们必须在两周内看完这些书。5 .那位先生能流利的说三种语言。6 .他使他的年老的母亲很开心。