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1、基础知识梳理3基础语法之句子成分I. 英语的词类：名词 (n.) 如 book, computer, water.代词 (pron.) 如 I, you, his.动词 (v.) 如 come, write, bring.形容词(adj./a.) 如 happy, surprised, clear. 副词 (adv./ad) 如 here, today, happily.数词 (num.) 如 four, sixty, fourth.介词 (prep.) 如 on, under, about.连词 (conj.) 如 and, or, when.冠词 (art.) 如 a, the.感叹词 (
2、int.) 如 oh, ouch, dear.II. 英语句子成分包括_.A. 请指出下列句子中的主语。1. English is very important.2. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain. 3. Five is my lucky number. 4. The rich should help the poor.5. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable experience for me. 6. To see is to b
3、elieve.7. What he said at the meeting is very important.8. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.9. Would you please tell me your address?小结：主语（subject）是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。可充当主语的有_。B. 请指出下列句子中的谓语。1. They exercise every morning.2. He practices running every morning.3. The plane takes off
4、 at ten oclock.4. Youre driving too fast.5. We should respect Liu Xiang though he broke his leg again in the 2012 London Olympic Games.6. He is an excellent teacher.7. The food in KFC tastes delicious.8. Did you watch the 2012 London Olympic Games?小结：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，必须由_充当。一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1.简
5、单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 e.g.He practices running every morning. e.g.He reads newspapers every day. e.g.They made a cake for me. 2.复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成. e.g.You may keep the book for two weeks. e.g.He has caught a bad cold. e.g.My sister is crying over there. e.g.I have been reading the book all the time.
6、 e.g.I would stay at home all day. C. 请指出下列句子中的宾语。1. I love you.2. John likes Chinese food.3. I can look after myself well. 4. Mr. Smith enjoys playing football very much.5. He certainly did not want to join them. 6. I firmly believe that I can learn English well. 7. I think it important to learn En
7、glish well. 8. Please give me the book.小结：宾语(object)表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面，充当宾语的可以是_D. 请分析下列句子中划线部分的成分。1. We are students and we are hard-working.2. Time is up. The class is over.3. His hobby is playing CS.4. Mr. Blacks job is to teach Math.5. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 6. The ru
8、bbish smells terrible. 7. The weather has turned cool.8. Dont always keep silent in class.小结：句中划线部分是_语，位于_之后。主要是用来说明主语的性质特征，可以由 充当。E. 请分析下列句子中划线部分的成分。1. We will make them happy.2. We selected him monitor.3. I often hear him play the piano.4. Davie advised me to buy a dictionary.5. Dont keep the wate
9、r running.6. I will have my bike repaired.小结：句中划线部分为_语，多由 充当。主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。F请分析下列句子中划线部分的成分。1. Our new teachers are very responsible teachers. 2. We belong to the third world. 3. The teaching plan for this term has been worked out.？4. I have an idea to do it well.5. There is a slee
10、ping baby in bed.6. Polluted air does harm to our health.7. His father works in a steel factory.8. He who doesnt get to the Great Wall is not a true man.小结：句中划线部分为_语，多用于修饰名词或代词。多由 充当。定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“.的”表示。 1.可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短 语和从句等。 2.单个单词作定语通常位于被修饰的成分前，而短语或从句作定
11、语时，则要放在被修饰的成 分之后。 G请找出下列句子中的状语并指出具体的状语类型。1. I will go there tomorrow. （_ 状语）2. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. （_ 状语）3. The meat went bad because of the hot weather.（_ 状语） 4. He studies hard to learn English well. （_ 状语）5. He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.（_ 状语）6. I li
12、ke some of you very much. （_ 状语）7. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. （_ 状语）8. He goes to school by bike. （_ 状语）9. Though he is young, he can do it well. （_ 状语）H. 请分析下列句子中划线部分的成分。1. Beijing, our capital city, is a beautiful place.2. Im studying in No.1 High School, a key school in Hunan Prov
13、ince.3. Happy New Year to you all!4. They each like English.5. We heard the news that our team had won.小结：句中划线部分为_语。练习(请指出下列划线部分属于何种句子成分)1. I bought a new walkman at the supermarket yesterday.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 4. The apples tasted sweet.5. Xiao Mi
14、ng, my best friend, is ill today.6. I saw him playing the violin just now.7. That he was late again made the teacher angry.8. I know you are right.9. The book which I borrowed from Erica is very interesting. 10. As soon as I got to school, it began to rain.11. If it rains tomorrow, we will stop training.12. Do you think it a good idea to practice listening every day.13.He found it important to master English.14. It is necessary to have a class meeting this week.