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1、WritingImagine being a“sky boy”working on the Empire State Building.Write a letter to your family describing a typical day and how you feel about your job.Social StudiesWhat buildings are taller than the Empire State Building?Research one of these buildings and create a Venn Diagram comparing it to
2、the Empire State Building.Connectionswww.readinga-Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK VLEVELED BOOK VWritten by Cheyenne R.WalkerEmpire State BuildingA Reading AZ Level V Leveled BookWord Count:1,333Empire State BuildingWritten by Cheyenne R.Walkerwww.readinga-What
3、makes the Empire State Building an important building?Focus QuestionFront and back cover:The lights on the Empire State Building change colors nearly every day.Title page:The Fifth Avenue entrance to the Empire State Building is a perfect example of art deco design.Page 3:Many people go to the obser
4、vation floor to view beautiful sunsets.Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:Haveseen/D;title page:Glowimages RM/Alamy;page 3:Alan Copson/JAI/Corbis;page 4:Venemama/D;page 5:Esta/Esta/Superstock;page 6:REX USA/Stuart Atkins;page 7(left):DIZ Muenchen GmbH,Sueddeutsche Zeitung Photo/Alamy;page 7(right)
5、:Everett Collection Historical/Alamy;page 8:Underwood&Underwood/Corbis;page 9:Granger,NYC;page 10:Riveters on the Empire State Building,193031(gelatin silver print),Hine,Lewis Wickes(18741940)/Private Collection/Photo Christies Images/Bridgeman Images;page 11(top):Everett Collection Inc/Alamy;page 1
6、1(bottom):Museum of the City of New York/Granger,NYC;page 12:Bettmann/Corbis;page 13:Corbis;page 14:AP Images;page 15:REX USA/Caiaimage/Rexarchitectart decobargesbedrockcafeteriasconstructdemolishinvestrivetsskyscraperspiresteelWords to KnowEmpire State Building Empire State BuildingWorld Landmarks
7、Level V Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Cheyenne R.WalkerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL VR4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA34Table of ContentsA Landmark Scrapes the Sky .4A Winning Team .7From Hotel to Hole .8The Best Show in Town .9Zoom to the Top .11Al Smith Was Right!.1
8、5Glossary .16A Landmark Scrapes the SkyWhere can you go stargazing in the afternoon?You can go to the top of the Empire State Building in New York City!Tourists,New Yorkers,and,yes,stars famous recording artists and television and movie actorsgo there to delight in the awesome view from the observat
9、ory.Since the Empire State Building was built in 1930 and 1931,it has been an internationally famous landmark.It was the tallest building in the world for forty-one yearsfor more years than any other skyscraperand today it still stands tall in Manhattans skyline.The Empire State Building is near the
10、 middle of Manhattan Islandat 350 Fifth Avenue in New York City.Empire State Building Level V56The Empire State Buildings skyscraping height makes for some weird science as well as breathtaking views.One summer,a scientist filmed and counted forty-eight lightning strikes on the building,proving that
11、 the building is a towering lightning rod!The building is so tall that sunrise occurs about a half hour earlier at the top than at street level.Computer-driven LED lights shine using sixteen million different colors at the top of the building,and because of its height,people can see and enjoy the ni
12、ghttime light shows for many miles around.Amazingly,on a clear day you can see parts of five different statesNew York,New Jersey,Connecticut,Massachusetts,and Pennsylvaniajust by walking around the observation deck and looking out at the horizon.The Empire State BuildingThe Empire State BuildingHeig
13、ht to the top:1,454 feet(443.1 m)The Empire State Building is known as the“worlds most famous office building,”“Americas favorite building,”and even one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World.Height to the 86th floor observation deck:1,050 feet(320 m)Height to the 102nd floor observation deck:1,25
14、0 feet(381 m)2.7 million square feet(250,838 sq m)of office spaceBase:79,288 square feet(7,366 sq m)Weight of building:365,000 tons(331,122 mt)ATLANTIC OCEANNew YorkNew JerseyPennsylvaniaConnecticutMassachusettsAn Awesome ViewAn Awesome ViewFrom the top of the Empire State Building,you can see five
15、states.80 miles(129 km)Empire State Building Level V78A Winning TeamTwo friends,Alfred E.Smith and John J.Raskob,decided to construct the worlds tallest building.Because they both came from poor New York families,the pair had a lot in common.As young men,both dropped out of school to find jobs and s
16、upport their families.By 1929,however,Raskob was rich and had many wealthy friends who were willing to invest in the skyscraper.Smith was famous after he ran for president of the United States and lost.He was a great talker,though,and supplied the press with exciting stories about the building.Toget
17、her they were a winning team.Raskob and Smith knew the site they wanted for their skyscraper,but they had one rather large problem.The famous Waldorf-Astoria Hotel was already at that location,so the team bought the hotel.From Hotel to HoleTearing down the grand hotel was difficult because it was la
18、rge and built to last for many years.Some six hundred men worked day and night to demolish it.Then they dug an enormous hole to reach solid bedrock.This is what the massive skyscraper would sit on.The workers had to dig and blast their way down to 40 feet(12.2 m)below street level.As they worked,a f
19、leet of dump trucks hauled 28,529 loads of earth,stone,and the remains of the once-proud hotel to barges on the East River.Tugboats pushed the barges out to the ocean and dumped it all.After five months,all that remained was a gaping hole.Alfred E.Smith(left)and John J.Raskob(right)came from poor fa
20、milies.They achieved great things in their lives.When it opened in 1893,the Waldorf-Astoria was the biggest,most luxurious hotel in all of New York.Empire State Building Level V910The Best Show in TownConstruction began on April 7,1930.At the bottom,where the weight of a skyscraper is greatest,210 c
21、olumns weighing 44 tons(39 mt)each were set vertically.Then horizontal beams arrived and were connected to the columns to form a strong steel grid.As the grid began to reach for the sky,people stopped and crowded the sidewalks below.They were all looking up at the steelworkers balancing on the narro
22、w beams.Newspaper reporters said the workers were the best show in town and called them“sky boys.”Their work was so dangerous that if one member of a four-man crew got sick,the other three also went home.Crew members had to know and trust each other completely,as having someone new step in could cre
23、ate an unsafe situation.Their job was to fasten the steel beams together with rivets.The“heater”got a rivet red hot in his bucket of fiery coals and then tossed it through the air.The“catcher”placed it in its hole in the beam.Then the“bucker-up”pushed on one end of the hot rivet with a metal bar as
24、the“riveter”smashed the other end with an air hammer,tightly bonding the enormous beams.The best crews were from the Mohawk NationNative Americans from New York State who could set a rivet every minute.Water boys,some as young as sixteen years old,walked the high beams,too,carrying buckets of cool d
25、rinking water to the crews.Some thought it was fun working on the beams,but they quickly learned to focus only on the end of the beam they were on and not to look down.Riveters worked far above the ground floor.The Chrysler Building is in the background.Huge cranes were used to move giant beams into
26、 place.Empire State Building Level V1112Zoom to the TopSmith and Raskob were in a big hurry to get their skyscraper finished.Their investors couldnt make money until the building was rented,so everything was planned for speedeven the design of the building.The architect,William F.Lamb,chose the art
27、deco style for the building because it was a popular modern look that often used machine-made and ready-to-use supplies.For example,the steel beams arrived with rivet holes predrilled,so the building went up at the incredible rate of four-and-a-half floors each week.The outside wall was perfectly de
28、signed for rapid construction,too.Columns of windows and metal plates rose next to columns of stone,all of which arrived ready to use.On the upper tower,workers finished the outside at a rate of one floor per day.By August,the workforce swelled to more than 3,500 workers on the site in a single day.
29、There were more than 60 different kinds of workers on the job.The plumbers needed pipe.The bricklayers needed bricks.Every worker needed supplies.In those days,supplies were moved by wheelbarrow,but in such a large building,this method was too slow.Instead,the builders laid tracks around each floor
30、and even in the elevators.As supplies were delivered,they were loaded straight into big carts.Then workers pushed the carts along the tracks into elevators and around the floors quickly.With so many workers,there were plenty of injuries,so the builders opened their own hospital right in the building
31、.In the fall,workers reached the smaller upper floors of the tower,and the pace of the work quickened.By summer,the steel grid reached the 40th floor,and the outside wall was catching up.Empire State Building Level VPlumbers,electricians,and carpenters worked on the inside as the outside rose.1314Th
32、e large number of workers even made lunch a problem.With so many workers trying to get food at once,many started coming back late.Lateness was something the builders couldnt tolerate because it slowed work down.Their solution was to build cafeterias right on the site.The first ones were on the 3rd,9
33、th,and 24th floors.As the building grew taller,two more were added,one on the 47th floor and the other on the 64th floor.The builders,or contractors,were supposed to stick to the scheduleand they did.They not only planned everything,but they also kept track of everythingsuch as how many bricks were
34、laid and how much plaster was applied.With so much careful planning,you might think everything went well.It didnt.One plan was a huge failure.Al Smith wanted the spire that rose above the 86th floor to be a stopping spot for airships.These airships,or dirigibles,were the modern way to travel back th
35、en.Smith said passengers could simply walk down a plank from a dirigible to the 102nd floor.Then they could take the elevator down and be on Fifth Avenue in minutes.It all sounded great,but when the first airship got close to the mast,the winds were too strong.The winds around the skyscraper are alw
36、ays too strong,so the plan was dropped.From the street,thousands of people watched the dirigible Columbia fail in its attempt to pick up mail from the top of the Empire State Building in 1931.Some of the smaller upper floors went up at a rate of one floor per day.Do You Know?It took 7 million hours
37、of labor to:set and rivet 57,000 tons(51,709 mt)of steel place 6,400 windows and 200,000 cubic feet (5,663 cubic meters)of limestone lay 10 million bricks apply 10,000 tons (9,072 mt)of plaster install 6,700 radiators,2,500 sinks and toilets,and 51 miles(82 km)of pipe install 67 elevators in 7 miles
38、(11 km)of shafts build a 365,000-ton (331,122 mt)buildingEmpire State Building Level V1516Al Smith Was Right!The Empire State Building opened on May 1,1931,a little over a year after the first steel columns were set in place.The speed with which the tallest building in the world was constructed set
39、a record that has not been broken to this day.Just after the buildings fiftieth birthday,it was declared a landmark,which means that by law it must be preserved to appear just as it always has.Today the worlds most famous office building is still a prominent feature of New York Citys skyline.Al Smit
40、h was absolutely right when he declared that the building had been built for generations to come.Glossaryarchitect(n.)a person who designs buildings(p.11)art deco(n.)a bold style of decorative art,design,and architecture from the 1920s and 1930s that features strong lines and geometric shapes(p.11)b
41、arges(n.)boats with flat bottoms that carry freight,usually on a canal or river(p.8)bedrock(n.)a layer of solid rock underneath the grounds surface(p.8)cafeterias(n.)dining rooms where people are served at a counter(p.13)construct(v.)to make or build something(p.7)demolish(v.)to destroy completely,u
42、sually a building or other large object(p.8)invest(v.)to put money into a business opportunity that offers the possibility of future profit(p.7)rivets(n.)bits of metal that hold something together(p.10)skyscraper(n.)a very tall building(p.4)spire(n.)the pointed top of a tower or other building(p.14)steel(n.)a kind of strong metal made of iron and carbon(p.9)On special holidays,the building uses its new LED lighting system,with sixteen million colors,to put on light shows.Empire State Building Level V