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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.The History of Anime A Reading AZ Level Z1 Leveled BookWord Count:1,692Writing and ArtCreate your own manga comic strip.Include at least five pictures in your comic strip.Social StudiesMake a timeline of at least five events that impacted the
2、development of anime.Briefly describe the significance of each event.Connectionswww.readinga-UXZ1Written by Susan LennoxLEVELED BOOK Z1www.readinga-Written by Susan LennoxWhat is anime,and how has it changed over time?Focus Question16Glossaryaffluent(adj.)having a lot of money and possessions;wealth
3、y(p.6)affordable(adj.)of a reasonable price;not too expensive(p.6)animated(adj.)made from a series of drawings that are put together to give the appearance of motion(p.4)anime(n.)a Japanese animation style used in film and television(p.4)censored(v.)examined in order to remove content viewed as thre
4、atening or offensive (p.12)flocked(v.)gathered or moved in a large group (p.7)insular(adj.)isolated from other people or cultures;having or reflecting a sheltered point of view(p.6)intrigued(adj.)very curious or interested (p.7)manga(n.)Japanese comic books and illustrated novels(p.5)plied(v.)travel
5、ed over the same route regularly(p.6)synchronize(v.)to set things to match in time or arrange things to happen at the same time(p.8)traditional(adj.)of or relating to a long-established custom(p.5)16CorrelationLEVEL Z1WXN/A60Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAFront cover:Manga artists use fine-point
6、pens to create detail in their work.Back cover:An Astro Boy exhibit at a Shanghai art museum opened in 2015.Title page:Manga paperbacks in Europe are read from back to front.Page 3:Visitors to an art exhibit in Germany can sit in front of a huge wall of anime characters.Photo Credits:Front cover:Afl
7、o Co.,Ltd./Alamy Stock Photo;back cover:VCG/Visual China Group/Getty Images;title page:Matthias Schrader/picture-alliance/dpa/AP Images;page 3:Oliver Berg/DPA/Getty Images;page 4(main):Prisma Archivo/Alamy Stock Photo;page 4(inset):Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page
8、5:Snowman from the series Childrens Games,1888,Eitaku,Kobayashi/Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design,London/Bridgeman Images;page 7:Iain Masterton/Alamy Stock Photo;page 8:DeWitt Historical Society/Archive Photos/Getty Images;page 10:AP Images;page 12:Granger,NYC;pages 13,14(both):Photos
9、12/Alamy Stock Photo;page 15:AF archive/Alamy Stock PhotoIllustration Credit:Page 11:Asuka Hazuki/Learning AZWords to KnowaffluentaffordableanimatedanimecensoredflockedinsularintriguedmangapliedsynchronizetraditionalThe History of Anime Level Z1 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Susan LennoxAll rig
10、hts reserved.www.readinga-15In the 1980s and 1990s,Japanese studios produced anime films that went on to be international hits.In 1984,Hayao Miyazaki released Nausica of the Valley of the Wind,which saw great success.It told the story of a young princess who must save her planet.In 2001,the Japanese
11、 anime Spirited Away brought the tale of a young girl who enters the spirit world to the big screen.The director,Hayao Miyazaki,received much praise for the films artistry,and it eventually won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.Anime is featured in the latest twenty-first-century media,too
12、.Today there are dozens of video games based on manga comics or anime shows and movies.The interactive nature of the games is a thrill for anime fans.Characters from favorite shows,such as Astro Boy,Naruto,Digimon,Pokmon,and Dragon Ball Z,spring to life in video games,fulfilling their missions at th
13、e push of a button.Just like figures from long ago,the images on the screen enact tales of adventure and daring.The dynamic characters in anime,though,take modern storytelling art to a whole new level.Spirited Away has earned more than$289 million since its release in 2001.The History of Anime Level
14、 Z1153Table of ContentsIntroduction .4Art for All .5From Curious Sketches to Comics .6Cartoons Spring to Life .7The Sorrows and Lessons of War .12Anime Today .14Glossary .16The History of Anime Level Z114Anime TodayModern anime,like manga,has become more specialized,with characters and story lines g
15、eared toward specific audiences.Shonenmanga made for boysstars male characters,with plots that highlight action and comedy.Dragon Ball Z is an example of shonen anime that first aired in Japan in 1989 and continues to be shown on television stations throughout the world.Shojomanga made for girlsat f
16、irst starred female characters with story lines that focused on emotions and relationships,but eventually evolved to include more dynamic heroines who are actively involved in romance and adventure.The 1990s anime series Sailor Moon by artist Naoko Takeuchi is a classic example of shojo anime.It tel
17、ls the story of a middle-school girl who is empowered by a magical broach to become a guardian of Earth and protect it from evil forces.The Sailor Moon character is used in at least three films and thirty-nine video games.Dragon Ball Z ran from 1989 to 2003.4IntroductionLong before written words exi
18、sted,there were pictures.Many ancient cultures used images to tell stories.From prehistoric paintings on cave walls to delicate figures carved into clay,the arts style reflected how these ancient artists saw themselves and the world in which they lived.As language developed,written symbols and words
19、 soon became a more common way to record and relay ideas.Art,however,continued to be an important element in storytelling.Today,images are featured not just as paintings and illustrations but also as moving figures in media such as movies,animated cartoons,and video games.One of the more common styl
20、es of moving art comes from the Asian island nation of Japan.Known as anime,it is incredibly popular worldwide.The cave paintings(main)in Lascaux,France,and clay tablets(inset)from Mesopotamia tell ancient stories.13Often,these messages were delivered via a new 1950s technology:television.Through te
21、levision,anime found a wider audience because cartoons could now be watched at home.One of the most popular anime shows was based on a manga comic book called Mighty Atom drawn by Osamu Tezuka.The main character,Mighty Atom,was a robot boy with rockets for feet and superhuman endurance.In the show,h
22、e traveled the world,saving it from danger.Mighty Atom became one of the most popular television shows in Japan.In the early 1960s,it became a hit series in the United States as well under a new title,Astro Boy.The original Astro Boy anime ran for two years,with reruns of those shows broadcast into
23、the early 1970s.Astro Boy paved the way for other anime cartoon shows.Called mecha,the cartoons featured teens and giant robots working to save the world from monsters.Mazinger Z was a popular mecha that aired in Japan during the 1970s.Its main character was a super robot made from a special metal d
24、iscovered on Japans Mount Fuji.Astro Boy premiered on New Years Day in 1963.The History of Anime Level Z15Art for AllThe history of anime stretches back more than two hundred years.Before the nineteenth century,most traditional Japanese artwork was done on large scrolls.The techniques used to make s
25、croll art were precise and time-consuming.One method involved painting each image with a single long brushstroke.Another method required artists to carve reverse images into a woodblock,cover the images with a heavy coat of ink,and then press the block onto a surface to create prints.The complicated
26、 and lengthy processes made artwork quite expensive.Only wealthy people in Japan could afford to own and enjoy scroll art.In 1814,a new art form called manga appeared.Manga sketches were drawn freehand on sheets of paper.A famous printmaker named Hokusai used manga sketches to teach his students and
27、 encouraged them to draw their own.They began sketching and sharing their work with others,Colored woodblock prints required a different block for each color.Some prints had twenty different blocks for one complete image.The History of Anime Level Z112The Sorrows and Lessons of WarOne reason anime d
28、id not change was cost.Although background is an essential component of anime,using techniques such as multiplane animation with layered shifting backgrounds was expensive.Another reason had to do with the start of World War II in 1939.When the war began,Japanese leaders wanted the support of citize
29、ns.They tried to foster national pride by banning movies and cartoons made in other countries.They also demanded that artists make art that only celebrated Japanese values and criticized Japans enemies.Some animators refused to be censored and fled Japan.Others continued to create and release their
30、art secretly.If caught,they faced punishment.World War II ended tragically for Japan in 1945.The cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by two atomic bombs.Hundreds of thousands of lives were lost.The devastation had a profound effect on the Japanese people and their art.The lighthearted fu
31、n of anime was replaced by more serious themes.Both manga and anime artists began to use their work to promote messages of peace,justice,and freedom.Posters such as this one convinced the Japanese people to support their government against Japans enemies.6and the humorous images caught on with the p
32、ublic.The ease and speed with which manga illustrations could be produced made them a much more affordable form of art.Unlike traditional scrolls,manga was accessible to all Japanese people,not just affluent art patrons.From Curious Sketches to ComicsJapanese manga came into its own in the late 1800
33、s.Up until the mid-1800s,Japan had been a secluded country that had minimal interaction with other nations.That changed when an 1853 United States naval expedition forced Japan to open its ports to international trade.By 1858,commercial ships plied the waters of the Pacific,carrying goods to and fro
34、m six Japanese ports.The ships also carried British and American merchants to the insular island nation and brought along newspapers and magazines from their homelands.The term manga is a combination of two Japanese wordsman,meaning“curious,”and ga,meaning“sketches”that together are the equivalent o
35、f the English word cartoon.It was first used by the artist Katsushika Hokusai to describe his own comical sketchbook drawings.ordordiseiseW WW W11The Anime Look Anime has a distinct appearance.Backgrounds are very detailed and characters are often high energy,with exaggerated expressions and gesture
36、s.Many anime cartoons show action as viewed from different and extreme angles not used in Western cartoons.Anime characters have prominent eyes and brightly colored hair.The eyes are especially telling in anime.Characters with large eyes are childlike and trustworthy,while smaller eyes,narrowed into
37、 a squint,indicate sneakiness.Tiny eyes reveal evil.A characters eyes dont always remain the same shape and size.When a character is embarrassed,red lines appear across the characters nose.Scratching the back of the head makes the character seem more embarrassed.Blue lines across the face,narrowed e
38、yes,bulging veins,or drops of sweat show anger.Hair in anime has a unique look as well.It is often oddly styled and changes shape to convey movement and emotion.happyangryembarrassedsadThe History of Anime Level Z17Japanese manga artists were intrigued by the style of political cartoons and comics i
39、n these publications.They began to apply Western forms,such as the use of sequenced story panels,to their own art.Soon manga characters had some of the expressive features seen in Western illustrations.By the turn of the twentieth century,manga appeared regularly in Japanese newspapers.Political car
40、toons done in manga poked fun at current events.Manga comic strips entertained children and adults with simple,humorous stories.More and more people enjoyed these lively and entertaining manga images.Cartoons Spring to LifeThe new century brought with it a new form of entertainment:motion pictures.F
41、ilm studios in the United States and other Western nations began producing movies.People flocked to theaters.This popular medium spread to other countries,including Japan.Manga newspaper comic strips look like their Western counterparts.The History of Anime Level Z110This film also featured new tech
42、nology called multiplane animation.Its purpose was to make the background and action look realistic as well.Glass panels were painted with different background images and stacked on top of each other.The layered panels were moved back and forth during filming to increase depth of field and motion.Ja
43、panese anime eventually included sound but did not apply Western techniques to create the realistic look and motions used in Western cartoons.Instead,animators continued to treat their work as true art.Animation was filmed using a technique common to Japanese full-length movieslong,still camera shot
44、s that suddenly shifted to close-ups for dramatic effect.Characters body movements were not casual,but instead were very deliberate and carefully planned,with each small motion significant to the plot.Anime cartoonists also continued to draw in the black-and-white anime style that defined their work
45、 as truly Japanese.Rotoscoping was used by Walter Lantz Productions to create more natural movement in animated characters.It involves tracing animated characters over live-action film.8The first movies were short black-and-white silent films.There was no recorded dialogue because the available tech
46、nology could not accurately synchronize audio tracks with what was happening on film.Instead,theater musicians played while the film rolled.Words appeared on the screen to explain what was happening and what the characters were saying.Since voices couldnt be recorded,actors had to find other ways to
47、 show emotion.Their performances,although silent,were quite dramatic,with exaggerated facial expressions and gestures.Cartoonists around the world were fascinated by this new medium.In the United States,illustrators like Walt Disney and Max Fleischer figured out a way to turn still sketches into mov
48、ing images.Popular comic characters sprang to life on the big screen.The cartoons,like live-action movies,had no sound.Music played and Actresses in the 1917 film Patria use overly dramatic gestures to convey their characters emotions.9cartoon characters used movement,gestures,and expressions to tel
49、l the story.The animated cartoons were called shorts because they ran less than ten minutes.Children and adults delighted in the animated shorts,which were shown before full-length feature films at movie theaters.In Japan,manga artists such as Seitaro Kitayama began creating their own animated short
50、s.The bold features of manga characters lent themselves to the dramatic action and expressions needed to tell stories in silent films.Japanese cartoons were called animshon,based on the English word animation.In time,this was shortened to anime.As technology improved,color and recorded dialogue were