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1、www.readinga-BiomimicryBiomimicryA Reading AZ Level Z1 Leveled BookWord Count:2,084YZ1Z2Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Rus BuyokLEVELED BOOK Z1WritingWhich plant or animal adaptation do you think has provided the most important lesson for humans?Write a persuasiv
2、e essay using information from the book,as well as outside resources,to support your answer.ScienceResearch other examples of biomimicry not found in the book.Choose one and write an informational paragraph about it.Create a poster that includes your paragraph to share with your class.ConnectionsBio
3、mimicryLevel Z1 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Rus BuyokAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,pages 7(top left),9(inset,background),10(top inset,bottom inset,background),12(inset,background):Eye of Science/Science Source;title page(top):Dieter Wanke/Alamy;title page(bottom):
4、Hal Beral/Corbis;page 3,14(background):Michael Aw/Photodisc/Getty Images;page 4(main):iStock/Mark Weiss;page 4(inset,background):iStock/Matej Pribelsky;page 5(main):Douglas Faulkner/Science Source;page 5(background):snehit/123RF;page 6(main):Bettmann/Corbis;page 6(inset):Alinari Archives/Corbis;page
5、 6(background):iStock/Peter Zelei;page 7(top right):Nicholas Burningham/Alamy;page 7(inset):iStock/Oleg Rubik;page 7(background):iStock/Scott Rothstein;page 8(main):Cordelia Molloy/Science Source;page 8(inset):Paul Ridsdale Pictures/Alamy;page 8(background):Jim Mills/D;page 9(main):Steve Gschmeissne
6、r/Science Source;page 10(main):WILDLIFE GmbH/Alamy;page 11(main):Kyodo/AP Images;page 11(inset):Cyril Ruoso/JH Editorial/Minden Pictures;page 11(background):Victor Soares/123RF;page 12(top):Reuters/Corbis;page 12(bottom):Tim Davis/Corbis;page 13(left,background):Michael Pearce Partnership/Aga Khan T
7、rust for Culture;page 13(right):iStock/Terraxplorer;page 14(left):Mark Conlin/Alamy;page 14(right):Jamie Pham/Alamy;page 15(top left):iStock/egdigital;page 15(top right):iStock/ssuni;page 15(bottom left):iStock/Alberto Pomares Photography;page 15(bottom right):iStock/Julin Rovagnati;page 15(backgrou
8、nd):iStock/Paul Prescott;page 16(main):iStock/Ralph125;page 16(background):iStock/;page 17(main):iStock/Maria Kazanova;pages 17(background),18(background),23(background),24(background):iStock/AVTG;page 18(left):Irwin Barrett/First Light/Corbis;page 18(right):SMIT-Sustainably Minded Interactive Techn
9、ology LLC;page 19(main):ephotocorp/Alamy;pages 19(inset),21(top,bottom):Dennis Kunkel Microscopy,Inc./Visuals Unlimited/Corbis;page 19(background):iStock/Daniel Stein;page 20(main):Dr.Julian Gutt/PA Photos/Landov;page 20(background):courtesy of NOAA;page 21(background):iStock/Sebastian Kaulitzki;pag
10、e 22(main):Suzi Eszterhas/Minden Pictures;page 22(background):iStock/ooyoo;page 23(main):Corbis RF/AlamyCorrelationLEVEL Z1WXN/A60Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAadapted antifreezes biologists contaminating ecosystem efficient fossil fuels glare greenhouse gases microorganisms resources sustainabl
11、eWords to Knowwww.readinga-What important lessons have we learned from biomimicry?Focus QuestionWritten by Rus BuyokBiomimicry2324Glossaryadapted(v.)changed to fit a new or specific situation or environment(p.5)antifreezes(n.)things added to lower the freezing point of a substance(p.20)biologists(n.
12、)scientists who study living things(p.5)contaminating(v.)making something unusable or unsafe by adding a harmful or unwanted substance(p.16)ecosystem(n.)a community of living things together with their habitat(p.17)efficient(adj.)making good use of time or resources(p.11)fossil fuels(n.)energy sourc
13、es,such as coal,oil,and natural gas,that are taken from the ground(p.14)glare(n.)a bright light,usually reflected off something(p.9)greenhouse gases(n.)gases in Earths atmosphere that trap heat and contribute to global warming(p.14)microorganisms(n.)microscopic organisms,such as viruses or single ba
14、cterial cells(p.21)resources(n.)supplies of very useful or valuable things(p.16)sustainable(adj.)able to be used in a way that does not completely use up or cause permanent damage to a resource(p.17)ConclusionWe still have a lot to learn about nature and how it can help us create new and better thin
15、gs as well as sustain lifenot only ours,but that of every other life-form on Earth.Humans as a species are facing many challenges,some easy and others very difficult.As we try to solve these problems,it might be helpful to take a look outside.The next time youre playing in a park,walking in a forest
16、,or doing anything in nature,stop and take a look around.Notice the many living things,each with its own special role to play in making every part of the environment workincluding yourself.The most interesting and efficient solutions to our challenges may be right under our noses,waiting to be disco
17、vered through the science of biomimicry.Two children examine a dragonfly.Biomimicry Level Z1BiomimicryLevel Z1 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Rus BuyokAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,pages 7(top left),9(inset,background),10(top inset,bottom inset,background),12(inset,b
18、ackground):Eye of Science/Science Source;title page(top):Dieter Wanke/Alamy;title page(bottom):Hal Beral/Corbis;page 3,14(background):Michael Aw/Photodisc/Getty Images;page 4(main):iStock/Mark Weiss;page 4(inset,background):iStock/Matej Pribelsky;page 5(main):Douglas Faulkner/Science Source;page 5(b
19、ackground):snehit/123RF;page 6(main):Bettmann/Corbis;page 6(inset):Alinari Archives/Corbis;page 6(background):iStock/Peter Zelei;page 7(top right):Nicholas Burningham/Alamy;page 7(inset):iStock/Oleg Rubik;page 7(background):iStock/Scott Rothstein;page 8(main):Cordelia Molloy/Science Source;page 8(in
20、set):Paul Ridsdale Pictures/Alamy;page 8(background):Jim Mills/D;page 9(main):Steve Gschmeissner/Science Source;page 10(main):WILDLIFE GmbH/Alamy;page 11(main):Kyodo/AP Images;page 11(inset):Cyril Ruoso/JH Editorial/Minden Pictures;page 11(background):Victor Soares/123RF;page 12(top):Reuters/Corbis;
21、page 12(bottom):Tim Davis/Corbis;page 13(left,background):Michael Pearce Partnership/Aga Khan Trust for Culture;page 13(right):iStock/Terraxplorer;page 14(left):Mark Conlin/Alamy;page 14(right):Jamie Pham/Alamy;page 15(top left):iStock/egdigital;page 15(top right):iStock/ssuni;page 15(bottom left):i
22、Stock/Alberto Pomares Photography;page 15(bottom right):iStock/Julin Rovagnati;page 15(background):iStock/Paul Prescott;page 16(main):iStock/Ralph125;page 16(background):iStock/;page 17(main):iStock/Maria Kazanova;pages 17(background),18(background),23(background),24(background):iStock/AVTG;page 18(
23、left):Irwin Barrett/First Light/Corbis;page 18(right):SMIT-Sustainably Minded Interactive Technology LLC;page 19(main):ephotocorp/Alamy;pages 19(inset),21(top,bottom):Dennis Kunkel Microscopy,Inc./Visuals Unlimited/Corbis;page 19(background):iStock/Daniel Stein;page 20(main):Dr.Julian Gutt/PA Photos
24、/Landov;page 20(background):courtesy of NOAA;page 21(background):iStock/Sebastian Kaulitzki;page 22(main):Suzi Eszterhas/Minden Pictures;page 22(background):iStock/ooyoo;page 23(main):Corbis RF/AlamyCorrelationLEVEL Z1WXN/A60Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAadapted antifreezes biologists contaminat
25、ing ecosystem efficient fossil fuels glare greenhouse gases microorganisms resources sustainableWords to Knowwww.readinga-What important lessons have we learned from biomimicry?Focus QuestionWritten by Rus BuyokBiomimicry2324Glossaryadapted(v.)changed to fit a new or specific situation or environmen
26、t(p.5)antifreezes(n.)things added to lower the freezing point of a substance(p.20)biologists(n.)scientists who study living things(p.5)contaminating(v.)making something unusable or unsafe by adding a harmful or unwanted substance(p.16)ecosystem(n.)a community of living things together with their hab
27、itat(p.17)efficient(adj.)making good use of time or resources(p.11)fossil fuels(n.)energy sources,such as coal,oil,and natural gas,that are taken from the ground(p.14)glare(n.)a bright light,usually reflected off something(p.9)greenhouse gases(n.)gases in Earths atmosphere that trap heat and contrib
28、ute to global warming(p.14)microorganisms(n.)microscopic organisms,such as viruses or single bacterial cells(p.21)resources(n.)supplies of very useful or valuable things(p.16)sustainable(adj.)able to be used in a way that does not completely use up or cause permanent damage to a resource(p.17)Conclu
29、sionWe still have a lot to learn about nature and how it can help us create new and better things as well as sustain lifenot only ours,but that of every other life-form on Earth.Humans as a species are facing many challenges,some easy and others very difficult.As we try to solve these problems,it mi
30、ght be helpful to take a look outside.The next time youre playing in a park,walking in a forest,or doing anything in nature,stop and take a look around.Notice the many living things,each with its own special role to play in making every part of the environment workincluding yourself.The most interes
31、ting and efficient solutions to our challenges may be right under our noses,waiting to be discovered through the science of biomimicry.Two children examine a dragonfly.Biomimicry Level Z12122Natural PlasticsPeople use tons of plastic every year,and the way we make plastic uses great amounts of energ
32、y and creates huge amounts of waste.However,scientists have found that some kinds of microorganisms make the building blocks of plastics in their cells.If scientists can figure out how these microorganisms begin to make plastics,they can mimic that process and make plastics using less energy and wit
33、h much less waste.These microscopic views show two types of microorganisms that produce natural plastics.A chimpanzee and her baby eat medicinal plants.MedicineOther animals have been surviving in the wild for thousands of years,and like us,they sometimes get sick.By seeing which plants and other th
34、ings that animals,such as chimpanzees,use to treat themselves,we can discover new medicines and treatments for our own illnesses.Biomimicry Level Z134Table of ContentsIntroduction.4What Is Biomimicry?.5That Comes From What?.7Why Is Biomimicry So Important?.15The Future of Biomimicry .18Conclusion .2
35、3Glossary .24IntroductionDid you know that a peacocks feathers have little color?What we see is actually the special shape of the feathers bending light so it looks like color.Did you know that locusts never run into each other because a special part of their brain notices and reacts to something in
36、 front of them much faster than our brain can?Nature is filled with a vast number of living things like these,each with its own abilities that help it survive.As humans,we have spent many years learning about nature and how it works.Now a science called biomimicry is developing that focuses on how w
37、e can apply lessons from nature to our own lives.A male peacock displays his feathers to attract mates.Biomimicry Level Z134Table of ContentsIntroduction.4What Is Biomimicry?.5That Comes From What?.7Why Is Biomimicry So Important?.15The Future of Biomimicry .18Conclusion .23Glossary .24IntroductionD
38、id you know that a peacocks feathers have little color?What we see is actually the special shape of the feathers bending light so it looks like color.Did you know that locusts never run into each other because a special part of their brain notices and reacts to something in front of them much faster
39、 than our brain can?Nature is filled with a vast number of living things like these,each with its own abilities that help it survive.As humans,we have spent many years learning about nature and how it works.Now a science called biomimicry is developing that focuses on how we can apply lessons from n
40、ature to our own lives.A male peacock displays his feathers to attract mates.Biomimicry Level Z12122Natural PlasticsPeople use tons of plastic every year,and the way we make plastic uses great amounts of energy and creates huge amounts of waste.However,scientists have found that some kinds of microo
41、rganisms make the building blocks of plastics in their cells.If scientists can figure out how these microorganisms begin to make plastics,they can mimic that process and make plastics using less energy and with much less waste.These microscopic views show two types of microorganisms that produce nat
42、ural plastics.A chimpanzee and her baby eat medicinal plants.MedicineOther animals have been surviving in the wild for thousands of years,and like us,they sometimes get sick.By seeing which plants and other things that animals,such as chimpanzees,use to treat themselves,we can discover new medicines
43、 and treatments for our own illnesses.Biomimicry Level Z11920Spider SilkIf youve ever accidentally walked into a spiders web,you know how sticky and strong the silk is.In fact,scientists have proven that spider silk is about three times as strong as steel.Now theyre trying to figure out just how a s
44、pider makes silk(its not a simple process)and then create it themselves.The artificial spider silk would be an incredibly strong,light fabric thats natural and could have many different uses.Fish AntifreezeMany species of fish,such as those living in the Antarctic and at the bottom of the ocean,can
45、live in temperatures below freezing.While this extreme cold would kill most creatures,these fish survive thanks to different kinds of antifreezes in their bodies.If scientists can determine how these antifreezes are made and work,they could discover a variety of uses,including organ transplants and
46、ocean exploration.Antarctic ice fish survive in waters below freezing because of a natural antifreeze in their blood.They can also take in oxygen through their skin!This microscopic view of a spider spinning silk(inset)shows how spiders,such as the funnel spider(main),create their webs.Biomimicry Le
47、vel Z156What Is Biomimicry?The word biomimicry comes from two words:bio,meaning“life,”and mimic,meaning“to copy.”This new field of study,also known as biomimetics,is the science of copying life.Sounds simple,right?The idea behind this science is pretty simple.Organisms in nature have had to face man
48、y different challenges,so over many thousands of years,living things have adapted,or changed,to better survive in their environments.Biologists,scientists,designers,engineers,and others look at how organisms have adapted to solve the challenges they face.They then look at the challenges we as humans
49、 face and see how natures adaptations can help us find solutions.The important part to remember is that biomimicry doesnt use living thingsit learns from them.The idea of biomimicry is nothing new.People have been turning to nature to solve problems for hundreds of years.For example,Leonardo da Vinc
50、i,a scientist,inventor,and artist who lived from 1452 to 1519,designed many flying machines based upon his observations of birdsthough none of those machines actually worked.You can also see biomimicry at work in the shape of boats,as well as in some other things you might not expect.A biologist stu