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1、The History of Anime A Reading AZ Level U Leveled BookWord Count:1,231Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Writing and ArtCreate your own manga comic strip.Include at least five pictures in your comic strip.Social StudiesMake a timeline of at least five events that impacted the d
2、evelopment of anime.Briefly describe the significance of each event.Connectionswww.readinga-UXZ1Written by Susan LennoxLEVELED BOOK UTHE HISTORY THE HISTORY THE HISTORY THE HISTORY www.readinga-What is anime,and how has it changed over time?Focus QuestionWritten by Susan Lennox16Glossaryanimated(adj
3、.)made from a series of drawings that are put together to give the appearance of motion(p.4)anime(n.)a Japanese animation style used in film and television(p.4)banning(v.)saying that something is not allowed;forbidding(p.12)dramatic(adj.)sudden or exciting;full of action or emotion(p.8)expressions(n
4、.)looks on someones face that show feelings or emotions(p.7)illustrations(n.)pictures or drawings used to explain or decorate books or other written material(p.7)lighthearted(adj.)cheerful,hopeful,or free from worry (p.12)manga(n.)Japanese comic books and illustrated novels(p.6)merchants(n.)people w
5、ho buy,trade,or sell goods (p.7)panels(n.)individual boxes or frames in a comic strip or comic book(p.7)scrolls(n.)long rolls of paper or parchment that are used for writing or drawing(p.5)sketches(n.)quick,rough drawings(p.6)16CorrelationLEVEL UQ4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAFront cover:Man
6、ga artists use fine-point pens to create detail in their work.Back cover:An Astro Boy exhibit at a Shanghai art museum opened in 2015.Title page:Manga paperbacks in Europe are read from back to front.Page 3:Visitors to an art exhibit in Germany can sit in front of a huge wall of anime characters.Pho
7、to Credits:Front cover:Aflo Co.,Ltd./Alamy Stock Photo;back cover:VCG/Visual China Group/Getty Images;title page:Matthias Schrader/picture-alliance/dpa/AP Images;page 3:Oliver Berg/DPA/Getty Images;page 4(main):Prisma Archivo/Alamy Stock Photo;page 4(inset):Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Hulton
8、Archive/Getty Images;page 5:Snowman from the series Childrens Games,1888,Eitaku,Kobayashi/Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design,London/Bridgeman Images;pages 6,9,12:Granger,NYC;page 7:Iain Masterton/Alamy Stock Photo;page 8:DeWitt Historical Society/Archive Photos/Getty Images;page 10:Walt
9、 Disney Pictures/Ronald Grant Archive/Alamy Stock Photo;pages 13,14(both):Photos 12/Alamy Stock Photo;page 15:AF archive/Alamy Stock PhotoIllustration Credit:Page 11:Asuka Hazuki/Learning AZWords to Knowanimatedanimebanningdramaticexpressionsillustrationslightheartedmangamerchantspanelsscrollssketch
10、esThe History of Anime Level U Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Susan LennoxAll rights reserved.www.readinga-15In the 1980s and 1990s,Japanese studios began to make anime films.Many became hits around the world.In 1984,Hayao Miyazaki released Nausica of the Valley of the Wind,which saw great succe
11、ss.It told the story of a young princess who must save her planet.In 2001,the Japanese anime Spirited Away was made.It brought the tale of a young girl who enters the spirit world to the big screen.The director,Hayao Miyazaki,received much praise for the film.It eventually won the Academy Award for
12、Best Animated Feature.Anime is an important part of the latest twenty-first-century media,too.Favorite characters such as Astro Boy,Digimon,and Dragon Ball Z fighters spring to life in video games.Players control the characters actions and guide them to complete missions with the push of a button.Ju
13、st like figures from long ago,the images on the screen act out stories of adventure and daring.The dynamic characters in anime,though,take modern storytelling art to a whole new level.Spirited Away has earned more than$289 million since its release in 2001.The History of Anime Level U153Table of Con
14、tentsIntroduction .4Art for All .5From Curious Sketches to Comics .7Cartoons Spring to Life .8The Sorrows and Lessons of War .12Anime Today .14Glossary .16The History of Anime Level U14Anime TodayModern anime,like manga,features characters and story lines created for specific audiences.Shonenmanga m
15、ade for boysstars male characters,with plots that include action and comedy.The popular shonen Dragon Ball Z was first aired in Japan in 1989.It continues to be shown on television stations throughout the world.Shojomanga made for girlsat first starred female characters with plots that focused on em
16、otions and relationships.It soon changed to include more active characters involved in romance and adventure.The 1990s anime series Sailor Moon by artist Naoko Takeuchi is a classic example of shojo.It tells the story of a girl who gets special powers.She uses them to protect Earth from evil forces.
17、Dragon Ball Z ran from 1989 to 2003.The Sailor Moon character is used in at least three films and thirty-nine video games.4IntroductionLong before words existed,there were pictures.Early people used art to tell stories and share information.From ancient cave paintings to stone carvings,the images sh
18、owed how the artists saw the world around them.As time passed,languages developed.Symbols and words were used to share ideas.Art,however,continued to be an important part of storytelling.That is still true today.Stories are told not just with still drawings,but also with animated figures in cartoons
19、 and video games.One type of storytelling art comes from the Asian island nation of Japan.Known as anime,it has become popular worldwide.The cave paintings(main)in Lascaux,France,and clay tablets(inset)from Mesopotamia tell ancient stories.13In time,these messages were delivered using new 1950s tech
20、nologytelevision.Through television,anime found a wider audience.Cartoons could now be watched at home.One of the most popular anime shows was based on a manga comic book drawn by Osamu Tezuka.The main character,Mighty Atom,was a robot boy with rockets for feet.In the show,he traveled the world,savi
21、ng it from danger.Mighty Atom became one of the most popular television shows in Japan.In the 1960s,it became a hit series in the United States as well under the title Astro Boy.The success of Astro Boy paved the way for other anime cartoon shows.Called mecha,the cartoons featured teens and giant ro
22、bots working to save the world from monsters.Mazinger Z was a popular mecha that was shown in Japan during the 1970s.Astro Boy premiered on New Years Day in 1963.The History of Anime Level U5Art for AllThe history of anime began more than two hundred years ago.Before the nineteenth century,most Japa
23、nese artwork was done on large scrolls.The careful attention needed to make scroll art took time and drove up the cost.Only wealthy people in Japan could afford scroll art.Colored woodblock prints required a different block for each color.Some prints had twenty different blocks for one complete imag
24、e.The History of Anime Level U12The Sorrows and Lessons of WarOne reason anime style did not change was cost.New filming techniques were expensive.Another reason had to do with the start of World War II in 1939.When the war began,Japanese leaders wanted everyones support.They tried to develop nation
25、al pride by banning movies and cartoons made in other countries.Artists could only make art that celebrated Japanese values.Some animators refused to follow these rules and left the country.Others continued to create and release their art secretly.If caught,they faced punishment.World War II ended t
26、erribly for Japan in 1945.The cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by two atomic bombs.Hundreds of thousands of lives were lost.These events had a strong impact on the Japanese people and their art.The lighthearted fun of anime was replaced by more serious themes.Manga and anime artists u
27、sed their work to send messages of peace,justice,and freedom.Posters such as this one convinced the Japanese people to support their government against Japans enemies.6The term manga is a combination of two Japanese wordsman,meaning“curious,”and ga,meaning“sketches”that together are the equivalent o
28、f the English word cartoon.It was first used by the artist Katsushika Hokusai to describe his own comical sketchbook drawings.ordordiseiseW WW WIn 1814,a new art form called manga appeared.Manga sketches were drawn by hand on paper.A famous artist used manga sketches to teach his students.Students s
29、hared their sketches,and the clever drawings soon caught on with the public.Manga could be created more quickly and cheaply than scrolls.Art was now available to everyone.One of the most famous pieces of manga art is Hokusais illustration of the well-known fable“The Blind Men and the Elephant.”11The
30、 Anime Look Anime has a distinct appearance.Backgrounds are very detailed,and characters are often high energy,with exaggerated expressions and gestures.Many anime cartoons show action as viewed from different and extreme angles not used in Western cartoons.Anime characters have prominent eyes and b
31、rightly colored hair.The eyes are especially telling in anime.Characters with large eyes are childlike and trustworthy,while smaller eyes,narrowed into a squint,indicate sneakiness.Tiny eyes reveal evil.A characters eyes dont always remain the same shape and size.When a character is embarrassed,red
32、lines appear across the characters nose.Scratching the back of the head makes the character seem more embarrassed.Blue lines across the face,narrowed eyes,bulging veins,or drops of sweat show anger.Hair in anime has a unique look as well.It is often oddly styled and changes shape to convey movement
33、and emotion.happyangryembarrassedsadThe History of Anime Level U7From Curious Sketches to ComicsManga came into its own in the late 1800s.Japanese ports saw an increase in trade.British and American merchants arrived,bringing newspapers from home.Japanese manga artists studied the cartoon styles in
34、these papers.They began to use story panels arranged in a series in their own art.Manga characters soon had some of the same expressions seen in Western illustrations.By the turn of the twentieth century,manga appeared in many Japanese newspapers.Political cartoons made fun of current events.Comic s
35、trips entertained children and adults with simple,funny stories.Readers enjoyed these entertaining manga images.Manga newspaper comic strips look like their Western counterparts.The History of Anime Level U10As technology improved,color and sound tracks were added to Western cartoons.Characters coul
36、d now speak on film.In the 1930s,American cartoonists tried to make their human characters look more lifelike.New filming methods made backgrounds seem almost real.This realistic style was seen in Disneys first full-length animated movie,Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.Japanese anime soon had sound
37、but did not adopt the realistic look seen in Western cartoons.Instead,filmmakers used a technique from full-length Japanese movieslong,still camera shots that suddenly shifted to close-ups.The quick change created a very dramatic effect.Anime cartoonists also continued to draw in the black-and-white
38、 anime style.Multiplane cameras helped create the appearance of depth in animated films.8Cartoons Spring to LifeThe new century brought with it a different type of mediamotion pictures.Film studios in the United States and other Western nations began making movies.People packed theaters to see this
39、new form of entertainment.Motion pictures soon spread to theaters in other countries,including Japan.The first movies were short black-and-white silent films.There was no recorded speech.Theater musicians played while the film rolled.Words appeared on the screen to explain what was happening and wha
40、t the characters were saying.Since they couldnt be heard,actors had to find other ways to express themselves.Their performances,although silent,were quite dramatic,with wild expressions and actions.Actresses in the 1917 film Patria use overly dramatic gestures to convey their characters emotions.9Ca
41、rtoonists around the world were fascinated with movies.Many wanted to make their own films.American illustrators like Walt Disney and Max Fleischer developed ways to turn still sketches into moving images.Soon,popular comic characters sprang to life on the big screen.Early animated movies ran just a
42、 few minutes,and their characters did not speak.Music played and cartoon characters used movement and expressions to tell the story,just as live film actors did.Japanese manga artists soon created animated films of their own.The bold features of manga characters lent themselves to the dramatic expre
43、ssions needed to tell stories in silent films.These cartoons were called animshon,based on the English word animation.In time,this was shortened to anime.Do You Know?Before films and cartoons had sound tracks or recorded dialogue,music in theaters was live.Sometimes a single person played the piano along with the action on the screen.Sometimes a full orchestra played.The music served two functions.The first was to drown out the loud projector noises.The second was to keep the audience excited about what it was watching.The History of Anime Level U