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1、Unit 4 Friends forever Period 2 Using language 导学案 姓名： _ 班级： _（1） 掌握定于从句的基本概念：定语，定语从句，先行词，关系代词；（2） 了解关系代词在定于从句中的功能；（3） 会根据实际情况灵活正确选用相应的关系代词。1. 重点掌握定于从句的基本概念：定语，定于从句，先行词，关系代词；了解关系代词在定于从句中的功能；会根据实际情况灵活正确选用相应的关系代词。2. 难点 正确使用关系代词请同学们阅读并理解以下内容。 一、什么是定语句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当。eg:I b
2、ought an (expensive) computer. （形容词）I met someone( funny) on my way to school. （形容词）（修饰不定代词的定语后置）she is an( English) teacher. （名词） I have a lot of work( to do). （不定式）The book( written by Tom) is very popular now. （过去分词短语）We can see the (rising) sun. （现在分词） = the sun is rising.He is in the( reading)
3、room. (动名词) = the room for readingThe boy (who broke the window) is Toms brother. （从句）二、定语从句两个术语：先行词，关系代词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词、名词词组或代词关系词（关系代词或关系副词）：连接先行词与定语从句的词。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等1、关系代词在定语从句中充当主语先行词为人时（1）两个单句为The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football.（2）将两个单句合并为一句。The
4、boys 在从句中作主语，关系代词中能作主语并代表人的是who, thatThe boys（whothat are playing football） are from Class One. (3) whothat=the boys, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。先行词为物时（1）I found the letter. The letter came yesterday.(2)将两个单句合并为一句。The letter在从句中作主语。关系代词中能作主语并代表物的是which, thatI found the letter(whichthat came yesterday)
5、.（3）whichthat=the letter, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。2. 关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语先行词为人时（1）The man is my friend. You met the man just now（2) 将两个单句合并为一句。The man在从句中作宾语。关系代词中能作宾语并代表人的是whom, thatThe man (whomthat you met just now) is my friend.（3）whomthat=the man, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。做宾语的关系代词whomthat 可以省略The ma
6、n ( you met just now) is my friend.先行词为物时（1）This is the pen. He bought the pen yesterday.（2）将两个单句合并为一句。The pen在从句中作宾语。 关系代词中能作宾语并代表物的是which, thatThis is the pen (whichthat he bought yesterday).（3） whichthat=the pen, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。做宾语的关系代词whichthat 可以省略This is the pen (he bought yesterday)
7、.3. 关系代词在定语从句中充当定语(1) I helped the man. The mans car was broken.(2) the mans 是名词所有格，起到定语的作用修饰 car, 用关系代词替换从句中重复的the man, 关系代词中能作定语，表示“谁的”是whoseI helped the man (whose car was broken).(3) whose=the mans, 在定语从句中做定语，并连接先行词和定语从句。 whose不但可以表示“谁的”，还可以指物，表示“什么的”。例如：I once lived in a house. The roof of the
8、house has fallen in.I once lived in a house (whose roof has fallen in).通过以上几组例句和讲解，我们发现关系代词的功能有_, _, _.【答案】指代先行词，引导定语从句，在定语从句中担任成分（主语，宾语，定语）阅读以下句子，按要求完成任务。(1)The man who talked to you just now is an engineer. (2)This kind of book is for children whose native language is Chinese. (3)I enjoyed the eve
9、ning that we spent together by the sea. (4)Here is the pen that you lost the day before yesterday. (5)He is the person whom I met in the park yesterday. (6)The book that you need is sold out. (7)The lady who came to our class is from Australia. (8)The man who shook hands with our teacher just now is
10、 Li Leis father. (9)She is one of the students in our class who are good at English. 1. 勾出先行词【答案】(1) the man (2) children (3)the evening (4)the pen(5)the person (6)the book (7)the lady (8) the man (9)students2. 圈出关系代词并指出关系代词在从句中的成分。【答案】(1)who,作主语 (2)whose,作定语(3)that,作宾语 (4)that,作宾语(5)whom,作宾语 (6)tha
11、t,作宾语(7)who,作主语(8)who,作主语(9)who,作主语3. 翻译句子。【答案】(1)刚才和你说话的那个人是一位工程师。(2)这种书是供母语是汉语的儿童看的。(3)我们一起在海边度过的那个晚上，我过得很愉快。(4)这是你前天丢失的那支笔。(5)他就是我昨天在公园里遇到的那个人。(6)你需要的那本书售完了。(7)那位来过我们班的女士来自澳大利亚。(8)刚才和我们老师握手的那个人是李雷的父亲。(9)她是我们班上英语很好的学生之一。1. Rewrite the sentences with that, which, who, whom or whose(1)Lucy is my fri
12、end. She has a hearing problem.【答案】Lucy is my friend who/that has a hearing problem.(2)So I learnt a new language. It allows me to “speak”with my hands.【答案】So I learnt a new language which/that allows me to “speak” with my hands.(3)Lucy is a smart girl. Her ideas are always inspiring.【答案】Lucy is a s
13、mart girl whose ideas are always inspiring.(4)I sometimes have problems. I cant solve them.【答案】I sometimes have problems which/that cant solve.(5)Lucy is a good listener. I enjoy sharing moments of my life with her.【答案】Lucy is a good listener whom I enjoy sharing moments of my life with.Fill in the
14、blanks with that, which, who, whom, or whose.Walk and talk is a group _1_meets every Sunday. It is free to join. Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone _2_weekends need some excitement. We are all teenagers _3_love walking and making new friends.We want you to join us! The next walk_4_is open to new me
15、mbers is on 22 July. You can also bring your friends. However, anyone_5_you bring must be over 12 years old.Come along and join the fun.【答案】1. that/which2. whose3. who/that4. which/that5. whom/that1.The books on the desk，_ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.2.Simon is a comedian and actor _has 10 ye
16、ars experience of teaching comedy.3.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of _have never before been published.4.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced
17、the development of chopsticks.5.When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant beating out Miller King, _was the best player at our school.6.I live next door to a couple_children often make a lot of noise.7.I prefer to work in black and white, _ allows me to sho
18、w different specific worlds more clearly.8.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), _has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.9.Many young people, most of_were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.10.Scientists have adv
19、anced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _ has been proved.【答案】1whose考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the books，和covers之间是所有关系，故用whose。2who/that考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是a comedian and actor，在从句中做主语，所以用who或者that。 3which考查定语从句。介词后跟关系代词，先行词为images，所以用which。4who考查定语从句。后面
20、是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用who。5who考查定语从句。先行词为Miller King，故用who。6whose考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。7which考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是前面的整个句子。8which考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是melatonin。9whom考查定语从句的用法。句意：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。10which考查定语从句。句意：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣会流泪的理论，其中没有一个已被证明的。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，此处是非限制性定语从句，which代替many theories，故应用 which引导该定语从句。