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1、Unit 3 Family mattersPeriod 2 Using language导学案1.学生能够理解不同时态的形式、意义与语用功能,并在具体语境中正确运用;2.学生能够运用恰当的主题词汇和表达描述家人的外貌.【重点】1.能够理解归纳并掌握不同时态的形式、意义与语用功能;2.能够学会运用恰当的词汇和表达描述家人的外貌;【难点】1.能够听懂与家庭生活相关的对话,学会在与家人的交流中表达歉意。2. 能够通过阅读和听力的输入,加深学生对家庭生活这一话题的理解。I.写出下列词汇的英语释义。 (1)第一组形容词4个(adj.):1.current_ 2. regular_ 3. responsi
2、ble _4.slim _ (2)第二组动词3个(v.):1. aim _ 2.observe_ 3. apologize_ (3)第三组名词14个(n.):1. memory_ 2. jaw 3.beard_4. skin_ 5. jogging_ 6. cheek_ 7. nation _8. issue _ 9. theme_10. range_11. event_ 12. stress_13. impact_ 14. strength_ 【答案】: (1)第一组形容词4个(adj.):1.current 目前的,当前的 2. regular定期的,经常的 3. responsible
3、负有责任的4.slim 苗条的,修长的 (2)第二组动词3个(v.):1. aim 力求达到 2.observe庆祝 3. apologize道歉(3)第三组名词14个(n.):1. memory记忆,回忆 2. jaw下巴,下颌 3.beard胡须4. skin皮肤 5. jogging 慢跑 6. cheek面颊,脸颊7. nation国家 8. issue 议题,争论的问题 9. theme主题10. range一系列 11. event活动 12. stress重音,重读13. impact作用,影响 14. strength强烈程度II.词汇拓展积累1. current adj. 目
4、前的 adv. 现时,当前2. responsible adj. 负有责任的 n. 责任3. stress n. 重音,重读 adj. 压力重的,紧张的4. nation n. 国家 adj. 国家的,民族的,全国的5. observe v. 庆祝 n. 庆祝【答案】:1. current adj. 目前的 currently adv. 现时,当前2. responsible adj. 负有责任的 responsibility n. 责任3. stress n. 重音,重读 stressful adj. 压力重的,紧张的4. nation n. 国家 national adj. 国家的,民族的
5、,全国的5. observe v. 庆祝observation n. 庆祝III.重点短语英译汉1. go camping 2. in ones thirties 3. even though 4. the United Nations 5.aim to do sth 6. be related to 7. a wide range of events 8. make up for 【答案】:1. go camping去野营,去露营 2. in ones thirties在某人三十岁时 3. even though 虽然,即使 4. the United Nations联合国5.aim to
6、do sth致力于做某事 6. be related to 和有关7. a wide range of events一系列活动 8. make up for 弥补,补偿 1. appearance n. 外表,外观,外貌【归纳拓展】(1)in appearance 看起来,在外表上(2)the sudden appearance of sb. 某人的突然出现(3)make ones first public appearance 某人首次公开露面/演出(4)appear v. 出现,露面;似乎,好像【例句感悟】(1)Dont judge by appearances, which can be
7、 misleading. 别以貌取人,这样可能会误导你。(2)In appearance, it is a strong building. 这幢楼看起来很坚固(3)The sudden appearance of a security guard scared the thief away. 保安的突然出现把小偷吓跑了。时态在英语中,不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态需要用动词的不同形式表示出来,动词的这种不同形式就构成了动词的时态。英语中的时态按动作发生时间分为现在时态、过去时态、将来时态一、时态的分类和基本构成形式现在时一般现在时do/ does现在完成时have/has done现在进行
8、时am/ is/ are doing现在完成进行时have/has been doing过去时一般过去时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was/were doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来时一般将来时will/ shall do将来完成时will/shall have done将来进行时shall/ will be doing将来完成进行时shall/ will have been doing过去将来一般过去将来时should/ would do二、常见时态的基本用法1. 一般现在时:一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。常和表示频率、时间的副词(
9、短语)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等连用。1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。We have three meals a day.2)表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。Knowledge is power.3)表示现在的情况或状态。I live in Beijing.4)表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件,尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作,这些动词往往表示“出发,到达”等含义的词,如,arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay等。The t
10、rain arrives at 10:30. Theres plenty of time. 。考点一:表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。如:I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有:时间:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件:if, unless, provided.If he ac
11、cepts the job, he will get more money soon.考点三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句, 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.考点四:在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。The harder you study, the better results you will get.
12、2. 一般过去时:一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态,或反复发生的动作,句中一般都有表示过去具体时间的时间状语。1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或状态。此时与表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in1998等。Where did you go yesterday??2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.3)用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。If he were
13、 here now, we could turn to him for help.4)句中有延续性时间状语,但表示与现在没有关联的过去某段时间做了某事,此时用一般过去时。This is the primary school where our manager Mr. Smith studied for six years.3. 一般将来时:一般将来时用来表示将要发生的事。1)shall用于第一人称,常被will代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 will (shall) + 动词原形There is still much to discuss. We shall
14、return to this item at our next meeting.2)be going to + 动词原形,表示将来。(1)主语的意图,即将做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do this Sunday morning?(2)计划、安排要发生的事。Im going to the airport to pick up my aunt from America this afternoon.(3)有迹象要发生的事。Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.注意:be going to与wi
15、ll的区别be going to既可指主观打算做某事,也可指客观迹象表明将要发生某事;will往往指没有经过计划而临时出现的意图,常伴有说话者的主观意识或表示将来必然发生的事。Im going to quit my present job. (现在的打算,事先经过思考,指向将来)Ill answer the door. (未经事先考虑的意图)The little boy is going to fall over. (根据客观迹象判断)I hope it will be fine tomorrow. (主观意愿)3)“be + 不定式”表将来,表示按计划安排的事或按职责、义务或要求必须去做的事
16、等。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.The meeting is to take place at 8:00 tomorrow morning.注意:be to 和be going to的用法比较be to表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)be going to则表示主观的打算或计划。I am going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)4)“be about to do”意为“马上做某事”,表
17、示即将发生某事,该事将发生在很近的将来,不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。He is about to leave for Beijing.考点一:一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中:We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.(主句用一般将来时,从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。)考点二:某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等,用现在进行时形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorr
18、ow.考点三:“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.4. 过去将来时:过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。注意:这种时态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中,表示从句的动作发生在主句之后。过去将来时同一般将来时类似,除了用would do 表示外,也可以用be going to do, be to do, be about to do及过去进行时等方式表示。He was sixty-eight and in two years, he would be
19、seventy.You were going to give me your address but you didnt.I was about to turn on the power of the computer when the electricity was cut off.完成体:现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时和过去将来完成时1. 现在完成时:常用的时间状语有:so far, recently, lately, before, ever, by now, in thelast/ past few years, over a long time, up to now, yet,
20、already, just, since, for+ 一段时间等。1)表示说话之前已经完成的动作,常与already, yet, just, by this time, so far, by now等时间状语连用。此时句子中的谓语动词一般为非延续性动词且句子一般不与表示“一段时间”的时间状语连用。Have you finished your task yet?注意:have gone to与have been to的区别have gone to 表示“到某地去了”,人可能还在路上,也可能已经到达,但一定不在说话者这里。have been to 表示“去过某地”,是回来之后再谈论去过某地的情况。
21、2)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。He has lost his wallet and cant find it.3)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。They have been good friends since they met at a meeting.4)表示动作反复发生,句中常用once/ twice/ three. times 等。You neednt describe her. I have met her many times.5)在时间或条件状语从句中表示在将来某个时间之前要完成某个动作。Dont get off until the bus
22、 has stopped.注意:常用现在完成时的句型有:1)It is/has been + 一段时间 + since 从句;2)This/ That/ It is the first/ second. Time + that从句(从句用现在完成时);3)It/ This is the best/ worst/ most interesting + 名词 + that从句(从句用现在完成时)关于现在完成时的时间状语问题:A.现在完成时的句子里,不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语,比较: We have bought a new typewriter .We bought a new typewr
23、iter yesterday.B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外,ago不能用于现在完成时的句子,但是可以用before来表示以前的意义。C.非延续性动词用于现在完成时态的时候,通常不与表示时间段的时间状语连用,在这种情况下,应该用It has been since的句式来表达。如: He has been in the army for three years.= He has been a soldier for three years.= Its three years since he joined the army. He has joined the army
24、 for three years. D非延续性动词的否定式可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,表示这种动作的否定状态的延续。I havent heard from you for a month.2. 过去完成时:由“had + 过去分词”构成,表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。在使用过去完成时时,一定要有过去的时间或动作作为参照。By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.考点一:用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中,主句用过
25、去完成时,从句用一般过去时。,并且no sooner 与hardly等位于句首时,此部分须用部分倒装。I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意主谓倒装)考点二:表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.考点三:动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean,
26、want, suppose, plan 表示主观想法的动词,可用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图,意为“本来想.”They had wanted to help, but they could not get there in time.3. 将来完成时:主要用于表示在将来某一时间点上会完成的动作,并对将来某一时间产生影响。常与将来时间状语连用。We shall have fulfilled the work by the end of next week.考点一:常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 oclo
27、ck this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引导的副词从句。By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。The children will
28、do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.进行体:现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时和过去将来进行时。1. 现在进行时:1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。这种用法往往表示发生在过去,说话时没完成,仍在继续进行的动作或存在的状态。常与now, right now, at this moment, atpresent等时间状语连用。What are they quarreling about?2)表示现阶段某动作正在进行,但说话时未必正在进行。Im teaching part-time in a midd
29、le school.3)表示马上就要发生。非延续性动词用于进行时态,往往表示“马上就,即将,逐渐地,反复地”等意思,这类动词主要有come, go, leave, start,begin, stop, arrive, return等。Are you staying here for a long time?(即将)Someone is knocking at the door. (反复地)4)表示某种感情色彩或对某一心理的生动描述。现在进行时与always, constantly, continually, forever (for ever),usually等副词连用时,往往表示生气、不满、
30、同情、赞美、好奇等情感或对某一心理的生动描述。The children are constantly disturbing us. (讨厌、不满)注意:下列动词一般不能用于进行时态。1)表示心理活动的动词一般不用于进行时态。常见的此类动词有love, like, hate, know, understand, realize, remember, believe, want, hope, wish, need, agree等。She understands you better now.2)表示属性或拥有的动词不能用于进行时态。常见的此类动词有have(有),own, possess, bel
31、ong to, have on, consist of 等。This dictionary belongs to Peter.3)表示感官的连系动词不能用于进行时态。常见的此类动词有seen, appear, look, sound, taste等。feel用于进行时态表示一时的感觉。The music sounds beautiful.Im not feeling well today.4)表示行为结果的动词一般不用于进行时态。常见的此类动词有accept, admit, receive, allow, decide, promise等。I accept your advice.考点一:在时
32、间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. 考点二: 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。Marry is leaving on Friday2. 过去进行时:1)表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at thatmoment, at that time, at the time, this time yesterday等。没有时间状语时,需要根据上下文的语境体会。I was writing a letter when you phone
33、d.2)表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作,常表示“渐渐”“快要”“越来越”“马上”。常见的此列动词有come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, get, become, turn等非持续性动词,偶尔有些持续性动词如do, stay, take等也常表示过去“将要”。We were running out of the gas.She told me that she was leaving for Italy the next day.3)表示特定的情感。与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可与always, forever, constantly等时间状语连用,
34、表示厌烦、惊讶、褒扬等特殊情感。She was always ringing me up when I was in London. (表示厌烦)3. 将来进行时:指从现在算起的将来某时间点正在进行的动作或将要进行的动作。常与表示将来时间的短语this time ,tomorrow, at 10 oclock next Monday等连用。This time tomorrow well be flying to Pairs.完成进行体1. 现在完成进行时:表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。其动作是否继续下去,由上下文语意决定。1)表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现
35、在或离现在不远的时间。多用延续性动词。Have you been waiting long for me? 2)表示“刚才,近来”发生的动作,一般不再继续。My hands are dirty. Ive been cleaning the room.3)表示动作的重复性。You have been asking the same question these days.注意:现在完成进行时态多用持续性动词,如live, learn, lie, stay, sit, wait, stand, rest, study等,并常和all the time, this week, this month,
36、 all night, all the morning, recently等状态以及since(自从)和for(历经)所引导的状语从句或短语连用(与since和for连用时,动作常会继续下去)。一、单项选择1.(2019江苏卷单项选择)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith _ in love with the people and culture there.A. would fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. fell【答案】D【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意:他到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的
37、人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。2.(2019江苏卷单项选择)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals _ by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.A. will installB. will have been installedC. are installedD. have been installed【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作,用将来完成时
38、。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故选B。3.(2019江苏卷单项选择)The musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由in the last three months可知,这句话的时态为现在完成时,故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician,为第三人称单数
39、形式,句中的along with his band members是附加成分,故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。4.(2019天津卷单项选择)_ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it.A. had hopedB. am hopingC. have hopedD. would hope【答案】A【解析】考查过去完成时。句意:我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的,可是我没有做到。第二个分句中couldnt用的是一般过去时,所以发生在它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选
40、A。5.(2019天津卷单项选择) Amy as well as her brothers, _ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A. is given B. are givenC. was given D. were given【答案】C【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:艾米和她的兄弟们当上周回到村里时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知,应用过去时,排除选项A和B;本句的主语是Amy,她受到热烈欢迎,所以用过去时的被动。故选C。6.(2018北京卷单项选择)Hi, Im Peter. Are you new
41、 here? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:嗨,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没有在附近见过你。你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知,Bob现在在这儿,他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情,周一是一个过去的时间,故该句应用一般过去时态,C选项正确。二、单句语法填空1. I love coming here and seein
42、g my family and all the friends I _(make) over the years.【答案】have made【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中时间状语over the years可知此处用现在完成时态。句意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。2. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.【答案】have reported【解析】考查时态。根据上
43、下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reported。3. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _(recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.【答案】recommended【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。and前后两个动作shared与recommended是并列关系,时态一致。故填recommended。4. On the last day of o
44、ur week-long stay, we _(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars【答案】were invited【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由on the last day of our week-long stay可知,句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意:我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会,所以用被动语态。主语为we,故填were invited。5. Did you enjoy the party?Yes, We _(treat) well by our hosts.【答案】were treated【解析】考查时态和语态。根据上一句中的Did可知用一般过去时;且we和treated是动宾关系,用被动语态,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填were treated。6. Despi