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1、优点英语第04讲 动词的时态和语态目录 语法导航：温习语法知识小试牛刀：基础过关+能力提升 考点一：一般时态1. 一般现在时（1） 表示现在经常性，习惯性的动作或状态。 He usually goes to school by bike.( 2 ) 表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实及格言警句。 The sun in the east and in the west.( 3 ) 用于here,there 开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示正在发生的动作或状态。 Look ! Here the bus.(4 ) 用在时间，条件或让步状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，或用祈使句表示将来的动作，从句则常用
2、 代替一般将来时。 As long as it doesnt rain tomorrow ,we will have a trip on schedule.2. 一般过去时（1） 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或所处的动作。 A few months after he had arrived in China, Ms.Smith in love with the people and culture there.( 2 ) 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常与always,usually,often,sometimes,never等连用。 I always up late,and neverhad
3、enough time for breakfast.( 3 ) 在确定的表示过去的时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 I didnt think Id like the movie ,but actually it pretty good. Edward, you play so well. But I know you played the piano.( 4 ) 在条件、时间、让步等状语从句中通常用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.3. 一般将来时 （1）基本表达法一般将来时的基本形式:sh
4、all/will+动词原形，表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在书面语中,主语是第一人称时,常用shall（也可用will)。在口语中，will可用于各种人称。The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts rewarded with success in the end.( 2 )其他表达法A.be going to动词原形表示说话者主观打算做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事 Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing t
5、his summer.B.be to+动词原形表示按计划、安排等将要发生的动作或表示禁止、命令、义务或可能性You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.(表示命令)A meeting is to be held at 3 oclock this afternoon.(表示按安排将要发生)The books in the library are not to be taken outside.(表示禁止)C.be about to+动词原形表示马上或眼下就要发生的动作,意为“ ”，一般不与具体的将来时间状语连用,但常与 when 连用。Tom was
6、about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a birdD.一般现在时表示将来一些动词，如 go，arrive，leave, start, stay. return begin，come等，用一般现在时表示 按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。We must hurry up. The first class at 8 oclock. 表示位置转移的动词，如go，come，leave,start, arrive, return, run out 等,可用现有进行时表示按计划预定的或即将发生的动作 Food s
7、upplies in the flood stricken area are running out. We must a immediately before theres none left.考点二： 完成时态1.现在完成时（have/has +done）( 1 ) 表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而且对现在仍有影响。The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.Chinas high-speed railways have g
8、rown from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.( 2 ) 表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语: since+时间点，for+时间段等表示一段时间的状语。His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?-Sorry, I haven
9、t played the piano for years. -抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。(3)在条件、让步或时间状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某个时刻前已经完成的动作。Will you come to my office when you have finished your work?Once you have promised,you should keep it.名 师 点 津现在完成时与一般过去时的用法区别这两个时态都谈论过去已发生的事，但现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系，或对现在有影响。而一般过去时单纯谈过去的事,与现在没有联系。因此凡是有确定的过去时间状语时，只
10、能用一般过去时。I in London for two years.我在伦敦住过两年。(现在不在伦敦)I in London for two years. 我在伦敦已住了两年了。(现在还在伦敦)2.过去完成时(had+done）( 1 )表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。She had learned some English before she came to the institute.By the time Jack returned home fro
11、m England,his son had graduated from college.( 2 )表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态。It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.( 3 )表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如 hope,want,expect，think, mean,suppose, plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。I had hoped to send Peter a gift to
12、 congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldnt manageit.( 4 )用于特殊句式中在表示“一就.的hardlywhenno soonerthan的句式中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。I had hardly answered the teacher when he interrupted me.考点三： 现在完成进行时1.表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，可能刚刚停止，也可能继续下去，对现在有影响。Im tired out. I have been shopping all the afternoon
13、 and I dont seem to have finished anything.Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? -The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here for more than two hours. 2.所表示的动作有时并不是一直不停地进行,而是在断断续续地重复。The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the en
14、d.名 师 点 津 谓语动词的时态的呼应含有宾语从句的复合句中主句与从句间时态的呼应:(1)主句谓语动词用现在时态或将来时态时，从句时态不受主句时态的限制，可根据实际情况选用合适的时态。(2)主句谓语动词为过去时态时，从句谓语动词需要用过去范围的时态。You find that the people there speak quite differently from the rest of Canada.I knew that she to New York twice.Mary said that she was going to take part in the activity.考点四
15、： 被动语态语态是用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系,英语谓语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者或行为的主体，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。英语中,一般只有及物动词或及物动词短语才有被动语态。1. 被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化如下表:时间形态一般进行完成现在am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been done过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been d
16、one将来shall/will be done-shall/will have been done过去将来should/would be done-should/would have been done2. 被动语态的基本用法被动语态的使用场合:(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者;(2)需要突出或强调动作的承受者;(3)当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时。They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.A res
17、cue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.In the spoken English of some areas in theU.S. the“r”sounds at the end of the words are dropped.3. 主动表示被动意义( 1 )“系动词 feel，sound，taste,look,smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow，keep 等+形容词/名
18、词”构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义。This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.( 2 ) 表示主语的某种属性、特征的动词(短语),如 sell，read，cut，wash，write，open, wear, burn, work out 等与副词 well,easily 等连用时,常用主动形式表示被动意义。Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers.基础过关一、时态填空一、单句填空1.O
19、ne day, my mother (persuade) me to live at school to learn to be independent, preparing for the future life.2.We (spend) a few hours digging holes and planting the seedlings. Then we wrote our wishes on cards one by one and buried them under the roots of the trees.3.Have you ever been to Wuzhen?It i
20、s so beautiful a village that I (visit) it many times already.4.A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and (last) one hour.5.Hes been informed that he(do)not qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background.6.Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We
21、(wait)here for more than two hours. 7.I (read)half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.8.I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I (ask),“What do you wish me to do now?”9.She(phone)someone,so I nodded to her and went away.10.Tony,why are your eyes red?I(cut) up peppers for t
22、he last five minutes.11.During his stay in Xi an,Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends(recommend).12.Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and(stay) there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.13.Is Peter coming?No, he (change) his mind after a phone call at the
23、 last minute.14.What time is it?I have no idea. But just a minute, I(check) it for you.15.I found the lecture hard to follow because it(start)when I arrived.16.James has just arrived,but I didnt know he(come)until yesterday.17.The twins,who(finish)their homework,were allowed to play badminton in the
24、 playground.18.Since the time humankind started gardening,we(try)to make our environment more beautiful.19.They had to wait and (hope) that someone would come and help them.20.That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who(play) the piano upstairs?21.Guess what, weve got our visas for a short-term v
25、isit to the UK this summer. How nice! You(experience) a different culture then. 22.This is the first time that I(visit) the Great Wall. 二、语法填空Yangshuo, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I 1.(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours before, Id been at home in Hong
26、Kong, with its choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.I 2.(skip) nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead, Id headed straight for Yangs
27、huo. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away by car and 3.(offer) all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo 4.(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town 5.(b
28、ecome) a popular weekend destination fast for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.二、被动语态填空一、单句填空1.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people (persu
29、ade)to eat more fruits as well as vegetables.2.Have you heard about that fire in the market?Yes, fortunately no one(hurt).3.In the last few years thousands of films (produce)all over the world.4.They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house (rebuild).5.I was sent to the v
30、illage last month to see how the development plan(carry) out in the past two years.6.Did you enjoy the party?Yes.We (treat)well by our hosts.7.More expressways(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.8.Unless some extra money(find),the theatre will close.9.A lot of people often forget th
31、at oral exams(design) to test our communicative ability. 10.In the near future, more advances in the robot technology(make) by scientists.11.Tables could (make) of stone at that time. 12.Another bridge (build) over the Changjiang River at that time. 13.You had better buy this kind of shirt, the clot
32、h of which (wash) well. 二、语法填空The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest 1.(admire) by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, people 2.(impress) with the adobe dwellings because of their ability to “air condition” a
33、house without using electric equipment. Walls that 3.(make) of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the heat 4.(give) out already and walls are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot
34、 day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 5.(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消)for the outside temperatures. As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the
35、adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.2022年新高考全国I卷阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). _36_ (cover)an area about three times _37_ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of
36、 the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _38_ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _39_ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. A
37、fter a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP _40_ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, _41_ leaving behind preci
38、ous natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate _42_ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and _43_ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve _44_ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection t
39、o a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _45_ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.2022年浙江省高考英语试卷阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或
40、括号内单词的正确形式。Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 36 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane 37 （view） as imp
41、ortant for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 38 （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferencesto provide more chances to participate remotely, and 39 ( change ) their personal behavior to do their partin dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website
42、called No Fly Climate Sci, for example,40(rough ) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists 41 ( promise ) to fly as little as possible sincethe effort started two years ago.Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 42 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 43 time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the44 (invite ) . That approach brought Cobbs air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 45 (continue) the practice. It has been fairly rewarding. ”，she says, a really positive change.优点英语